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Lecture 8

Data warehousing and OLAP go together, with OLAP enabling interactive analysis of multidimensional data from multiple perspectives. OLAP tools are optimized for querying and reporting against aggregated data cubes and support human analytical thought processes through drill-down, roll-up and pivot operations. A data warehouse integrated with OLAP can be used for information processing, analytical processing and data mining.

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Muhammad Akhtar
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7 views

Lecture 8

Data warehousing and OLAP go together, with OLAP enabling interactive analysis of multidimensional data from multiple perspectives. OLAP tools are optimized for querying and reporting against aggregated data cubes and support human analytical thought processes through drill-down, roll-up and pivot operations. A data warehouse integrated with OLAP can be used for information processing, analytical processing and data mining.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Akhtar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Data Warehousing and Data Mining

Online Analytical Processing (OLAP)

Mamuna Fatima

1
DWH & OLAP

•Relationship between DWH &


OLAP

•Data Warehouse & OLAP go


together.

•Analysis supported by OLAP


2
OLAP

•OLAP (Online Analytical Processing) is a


category of database processing that facilitates
business intelligence.
•OLAP tools are optimized for querying and
reporting.
•enable users to analyze multidimensional data
interactively from multiple perspectives.

3
Supporting the human thought process
THOUGHT PROCESS QUERY SEQUENCE

An enterprise wide fall in profit What was the quarterly sales


during last year ??

Profit down by a large percentage What was the quarterly sales at


consistently during last quarter regional level during last year ??
only. Rest is OK

What was the quarterly sales at


What is special about last quarter product level during last year?
?
What was the monthly sale for
last quarter group by products
Products alone doing OK, but
North region is most problematic.
What was the monthly sale for
last quarter group by region
OK. So the problem is the high
cost of products purchased
in north. What was the monthly sale of
products in north at store level
group by products purchased

How many such query sequences can be programmed in advance? 4


Analysis of last example
• Analysis is Ad-hoc
• Analysis is interactive (user driven)
• Analysis is iterative
– Answer to one question leads to a dozen more

• Analysis is directional
– Drill Down
More in
– Roll Up subsequent
slides
– Pivot
5
“All” possible queries (level aggregates)
ALL ALL

Province Frontier ... Punjab

Division Mardan ... Peshawar Lahore ... Multan

District Peshawar Lahore

City Lahore ... Gugranwala

Zone Defense ...Gulberg 6


Where Does OLAP Fit In?

• It is a classification of applications, NOT a


database design technique.

• Analytical processing uses multi-level


aggregates, instead of record level access.

• Objective is to support very


I. fast
II. iterative and
III. ad-hoc decision-making.
7
Where does OLAP fit in?

?

Transaction
Data
Data
Loading

OLAP


Reports

Decision
Maker
Data Cube
(MOLAP) Presentation
Tools

8
OLTP vs. OLAP
Feature OLTP OLAP
Level of data Detailed Aggregated
Amount of data per Small Large
transaction
Views Pre-defined User-defined
Typical write Update, insert, delete Bulk insert
operation
“age” of data Current (60-90 days) Historical 5-10 years and
also current
Number of users High Low-Med
Tables Flat tables Multi-Dimensional tables
Database size Med (109 B – 1012 B) High (1012 B – 1015 B)
Query Optimizing Requires experience Already “optimized”
Data availability High Low-Med
9
OLAP FASMI Test
• Fast Analysis of Shared Multidimensional
Information (FASMI) Test.
• developed to evaluate the OLAP products.

how the user can decide whether a particular


tool actually provides the desired OLAP
functionalities and what these functionalities
are.

10
OLAP FASMI Test
Fast: Delivers information to the user at a fairly
constant rate. Most queries answered in under five
seconds.
Analysis: Performs basic numerical and statistical
analysis of the data, pre-defined by an application
developer or defined ad-hocly by the user.
Shared: Implements the security requirements
necessary for sharing potentially confidential data
across a large user population.
Multi-dimensional: The essential characteristic of
OLAP.
Information: Accesses all the data and information
necessary and relevant for the application, wherever
it may reside and not limited by volume.
...from the OLAP Report by Pendse and Creeth.

11
Data Warehouses and OLAP for Data Mining
A DW integrated with an OLAP can be used to perform these
important tasks:
– information processing, which is implemented through querying,
providing basic statistical analysis, and reporting using tables, charts,
and graphs
– analytical processing, in which multidimensional analysis of the data
by using basic OLAP operations, such as slice and dice, drilling,
pivoting, etc. is performed
- data mining, in which new and interesting hidden patterns in the
data are found. Some of the DW are furnished with, or can be
integrated with, data mining tools that support discovery of data
associations, construction of analytical models, performance of
classification and prediction, and presentation of the results using
visualization tools.
12
Examples of OLAP Tools

• Pentaho BI
• Mondrian
• IBM Cognos
• Micro Strategy
• icCube

13

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