SS 102B Signals & Systems Mid-term Exam Solution (Page 1/7) Name: Prof.

Jung-Woo Choi

[Score table]

1-(1) 1-(2) 2- 2-(2) 3-(1) 3-(2) 4 Ext1 Ext2 Ext3

Prob.
a b c d a b (1) a b c a b c a b
Total 3 3 3 3 4 4 10 10 10 5 10 10 5 5 10 5 5 10 5

Problems & Solutions

[Chapter 1 | 20 points]
(1) Determine whether or not each of the following signals or systems satisfies the given property. Justify your
answers. [3 pts each, total 12 pts]

(a) Periodic? {cos(π (| n | +1))} (  : even function)

f (n) = cos(π | n | +π ) = Re e jπ |n|e jπ  =−(−1)|n|

This is an even function ( f (− n) =f (n) ), so { f (n)} = f (n) .

f (0) = −1
= 1, f (−=
f (1) 1) 1  periodic with period 2 Answer: periodic
f (=
n) f (n + 2)

(b) Linear? y (t ) = a x(t ) ( a : arbitrary complex constant )

y1 (t ) = a bx(t ) ≠ b(a x(t ) ) =

by (t ) : not linear Answer: nonlinear

∞
(c) Causal? y (t )= ∫ −∞
u (τ + 1) x(t − τ )dτ

∞
y (t ) = u (t + 1) ∗ x(t ) = ∫−∞
u (τ + 1) x(t − τ ) d τ ( * : convolution)

This convolution integral requires the future information of x(t ) (i.e., x(t − τ ) for τ < 0 ) , because
u (τ + 1) ≠ 0 for −1 ≤ τ < 0 Answer: non-causal

∞
(d) Time invariant? y=
[ n] ∑ (1 + (−1)
k = −∞
k
) x[n − k ]

∞
y[n] = ∑ h[k ]x[n − k ],
k = −∞
with h[k ] = 1 + (−1) k

 LTI because the output is described by the convolution sum of the input signal. Answer: time-invariant

(2) Let z denotes a complex variable ( z =x + jy =re jθ ). Then the complex conjugate is defined as
z * =x − jy =re − jθ .

(a) [4 pts] Derive the following relation:  1( z ) = z *

( z = θ )
SS 102B Signals & Systems Mid-term Exam Solution (Page 2/7) Name: Prof. Jung-Woo Choi

=
1 =
1 x − jy
=
z x + jy ( x + jy )( x − jy )
x − jy
=
x2 + y 2 z
z*
2
 ∴ 1( z) =
z *

jω
(b) [4 pts] Express the magnitude z and phase z of z = in terms of ω .
1 + jω

jω − jω ω2 ω
=z =
zz * = =
1 + jω 1 − jω 1+ ω2 1+ ω2
jω 1 − jω ω 2 + jω ω 1 π
=z = z = tan −1 ( 2 ) tan −1 ( ) or
 = − tan −1 (ω ) or cot(ω )
1 + jω 1 − jω 1+ ω2 ω ω 2

[Chapter 2 | 35 points]
(1) [10 pts] For the following pairs of waveforms, use the convolution integral to find the response y (t ) of the
LTI system with impulse response h(t ) to the input x(t ) . Sketch your results.

) at + b , h(=
x(t= t) 4
3 (u (t ) − u (t − 1)) − 13 δ (t − 2) ( a, b : positive real scalar)

- Distributive property:
x(t ) ∗ (h1 (t ) + h2 (t )) = x(t ) ∗ h1 (t ) + x(t ) ∗ h2 (t )
( h1 (t ) = 3 (u (t ) − u (t − 1)), h2 (t ) =
4
− 13 δ (t − 2) )

- Convolution of h1 & h2
∞
x(t ) ∗ h1 (=
t) 4
3 ∫
−∞
x(t − τ )(u (τ ) − u (τ − 1)) d τ
1 1
= 4
3 ∫
0
x(t − τ ) d=
τ 4
3 ∫ [a(t − τ ) + b]d τ
0
τ =1
4 a 
=  − τ 2 + (at + b)τ 
3  2 
τ =0 

4 a  a
=  at − + b 
3 2 
-b/a t
t ) x(t ) ∗ − 3 δ (t − 2)
x(t ) ∗ h2 (= 1

1
= − x(t − 2)
3
1
= − ( a (t − 2) + b )
3
∴ x(t ) ∗ h1 (t ) + x(t ) ∗ h2 (t ) =at + b

(2) Answer to the following questions.

(2-1) [10 pts] Find the impulse response h[n] of a system described by the following difference equation with
the condition of initial rest( y[n] =
0 for n < n0 if x[n] =
0 for n < n0 ).
SS 102B Signals & Systems Mid-term Exam Solution (Page 3/7) Name: Prof. Jung-Woo Choi

y[n] − 2 y[n − 1] =x[n]

- Impulse response: y[n] for x[n] = δ [n]  y[n] − 2 y[n − 1] =

δ [ n]
δ [n] 0 for n < 0  y[n] = 0 for n < 0
- Condition of initial rest:=

y[0] − 2 y[−1] = δ [0] = 1 → y[0] = 1


= 0 (initial rest)

y[1] − 2 
y[0] =δ [1] =0 → y[1] =2
=1

y[1] =δ [2] =0
y[2] − 2  → y[2] =4
=12

y[0] = 1
↔ h[n] =
2n u[n]
y[n] = 2 y[n − 1] for n ≥ 1

(2-2) [10 pts] Determine the frequency response H (e jω ) of the system described in (2-1). [Hint: use the
eigenfunction x[n] = e jω n to find out the response y[n] , and determine the frequency response using this
result.]

x[n] = e jω n 
jω jω n 
→ H (e jω )(1 − 2e − jω )e jω n =
e jω n
y[n] = H (e )e 
1
∴ H (e jω ) =
1 − 2e − jω

(2-3) [5 pts] Discuss whether this system is stable or not.

Determine whether the system’s response is FIR or IIR. Justify your answer.
∞
For h[n] = 2 u[n] ,
n
∑ | h( n) |
n = −∞
diverges.  ∴ Not stable

System has an impulse response of infinite length  IIR

[Chapter 3 | 40 pts]
(1) [25 pts] Suppose that the Fourier series coefficients of the signal xT (t ) shown in Figure 3-1 is given by ak .

Figure 3-1

(a) [10 pts] Express the Fourier series coefficients bk of the following signal in terms of ak .
SS 102B Signals & Systems Mid-term Exam Solution (Page 4/7) Name: Prof. Jung-Woo Choi

Figure 3-2

x1=
(t ) x(t ) − 1 , T = 4 (fundamental period)
=[ x1 (t )] 
From the linear property of Fourier series expansion:  [ x(t )] − 


[1]   

bk ak ck

 1 4 j 0ω0t
[1=] c=k  4 ∫0
1=
e dt 1= for k 0

 0 for k ≠ 0
a − 1 for k = 0
b= ak − ck =  0
k
 ak for k ≠ 0

(b) [10 pts] Express the Fourier series coefficients bk of the following signal in terms of ak .

Figure 3-3


x(t ) ↔ ak
x1 (t )= x(t ) − x(−t )  
∴ bk = ak − a− k
x(−t ) ↔ a− k (flipping)
Another solution: because x(t ) is real, a− k = ak*  bk = ak − ak* = 2 Im{ak }

∑
4
∫
2
(c) [5 pts] Let A =
2
x(t ) dt for the curve shown in Fig. 3.1. Express ak in terms of A .
0
k = −∞

∞ ∞
1 A
∫ x(t ) dt= ∑ → ∑ ak =
2 2 2
From Parseval’s relation, ak
T T k = −∞ k = −∞ 4

(2) [10 pts] Solve the following two problems

 2π
   5π
(a) [5 pts] For the discrete-time periodic signal x[n] =
2 + cos  n  + 4sin 
n  , determine the
 3   3
fundamental period N of this signal and the Fourier series coefficients ak such that
 SS 102B Signals & Systems Mid-term Exam Solution (Page 5/7) Name: Prof. Jung-Woo Choi

∑
jk 2Nπ n
x[n] = ak e .
k=
<N >

 2π   5π 
x[n] = 2 + cos  n  + 4sin  n
periodic with1
 3   3 
periodic with 3 periodic with 6

N = the smallest common multiple = 6

1  j 2  n − j 2  n  4  j 5  n − j 5  n 
 2π 
 2π   2π   2π   2π 
j 0 n
x[n] =2e + e  6  + e  6   + e  6  −e  6  
 6 
2   2j
 


a0+ 6 m = 2 , a=
2+ 6 m a=
−2 + 6 m 0.5 , a5+ 6 m = −2 j , a−5+ 6 m = 2 j , ak + 6 m = 0 otherwise
(for arbitrary integer m )

<Note that the Fourier series coefficients of DT signal are periodic with the period N >
1
(b) [10 pts] Suppose that the frequency response of a system is given by H (e jω ) = . Determine the
1 − 2e −6 jω
output y[n] of this system for the input signal x[n] given by (2-(a)).

 2π 
jk  n
jωk n jkω0 n
e= e= e  N 
is the eigenvector of the LTI system,

so the output becomes y[n] = ∑ H (e ω )(a e ω

k
j k
k
j kn
) for x[n] = ∑ ak e jωk n
k

a0 = 2, a2 =
0.5, a−2 = 0.5, a1 = 2 j , a−1 =−2 j , a3 = a−3 =
0
π 2π
=ω0 0,= ω1 , ω2
= , ω3 π
=
3 3
1  j 2  n − j 2  n  4  j 5  n − j 5  n 
 2π   2π   2π   2π   2π 
j 0 n
y[n] =(−1)2e  6  + (−1)  e  6  + e  6   + (−1)  e  6  − e  6   =− x[n]
2  
 2 j  


[Chapter 4 | 5 pts]
∞
Use the Fourier transform analysis equation X ( jω ) = ∫−∞
x(t )e − jωt dt to calculate the Fourier transform of e −2|t −1| .

Problem of HW #6

∞
X ( jω ) = ∫ e −2|t −1|e − jωt dt
−∞
∞ 1
= ∫
1
e −2(t −1) e − jωt dt + ∫ e −2(1−t ) e − jωt dt
−∞

( −2 − jω ) t ∞ 1
e e(2− jω )t
= e + e −2 2

−2 − jω 1 2 − jω −∞
−2 − jω 2 − jω
e e  1 1  4
= e2 + e −2 = e − jω  + = e − jω
2 + jω 2 − jω  2 + jω 2 − jω  4 + ω
2
 SS 102B Signals & Systems Mid-term Exam Solution (Page 6/7) Name: Prof. Jung-Woo Choi

[Extra Problems] Choose and solve the following problems as you wish.
You can use extra pages to write down your answers.

1. [5 pts] The Fourier series coefficients ak of a periodic signal xT (t ) of period T can be obtained by the
following analysis equation:

1 t0 + T
ak = ∫
T 0
t
xT (t )e − jkω0t dt .

Show that the result of above integral is independent of t0 for the periodic signal xT (t ) .

Refer to the solution on KLMS

2. [10 pts] Express the Fourier series coefficients 𝑎𝑎𝑘𝑘 of Figure 3-1 using the Fourier series coefficients 𝑏𝑏𝑘𝑘 of
the following signal. ( ak = f (bk ) )

By denoting the new signal as y 2 (t ) , its Fourier series representation is given by

∞
jk ( π2 )t
y 2 (t ) = ∑be
k = −∞
k

The original signal can be expanded as

∞
jk ( 24π )t
x4 (t ) = ∑ae
k = −∞
k (periodic with T = 4 )

The signal x4 of Figure 3-1 is the multiplication of y 2 (t ) and periodic square signal shifted by 1
x2 (t ) y 2 (t )r4 (t − 1)
=
where the rectangle function is defined as

1 for − T0 ≤ t < T0

rT (t ) =  T T =
( T 4,=
T0 1 in this case).
0 for − 2 < t < −T0 or T0 < t < 2

 2T  2T0  sin(kπ / 2)
FS of the rectangular function: rT ↔ d k =0 sinc  k  
1
sinc( k2 ) =
T  T 
2
kπ


sinc( k2 ) ( − j ) ≡ d k′
− jk π
e − jkω0
rT (t − 1) ↔ d k = sinc( k2 )=
1 1 k
Time shifting property of FS: 2 e 2 2
SS 102B Signals & Systems Mid-term Exam Solution (Page 7/7) Name: Prof. Jung-Woo Choi

 ∞
Multiplication – convolution property of FS: yT (t )rT (t − 1) ↔ ∑b
 = −∞
k − d ′

∞ ∞
=ak ∑
= b d′
 = −∞
k − 
1
2 ∑b
 = −∞
k − sinc( 2 )(− j )
∞
( =
 2m + 1 or 0)
bk − 2 m −1
= bk +
1
2 ∑
m = −∞ j (2m + 1)π

3. [5 pts] Prove the following relation for a real-valued periodic signal xT (t ) and its Fourier series coefficients
ak .

∞ 2
1 T 1 T
2∑ ak
= ∫ xT (t ) dt − ∫ xT (t )dt
2 2

k =1 T 0 T 0

∞
1
T ∫T
= ∑ ak
2 2
From Parseval’s relation, x (t ) dt -- (1)
k = −∞

∞ ∞ −1

∑ ak =a0 + ∑ ak + ∑
2 2 2 2
ak
k = −∞ k =1 k = −∞
∞ ∞
=a0 + ∑ ak + ∑ a− k
2 2 2

=k 1=k 1

For a real-valued signal, a−=

k a=
*
k ak (conjugate symmetry)

∞ ∞

∑ a= a0 + 2∑ ak
2 2 2
k -- (2)
k = −∞ k =1

1
T ∫T
However, a0 = xT (t )dt (from analysis equation with k = 0 ) --(3)
∞ 2
1 T 1 T
∫  + ∑ = ∫ xT (t ) dt
2 2
From (1), (2), (3), xT (t ) dt 2 ak
T 0
k =1 T 0