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CMP54

The document discusses different types of auditory output devices including speakers, sound cards, computer speakers, PC speakers, studio monitors, and headphones. It also discusses tactile output devices like braille displays.

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jafasoh293
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15 views3 pages

CMP54

The document discusses different types of auditory output devices including speakers, sound cards, computer speakers, PC speakers, studio monitors, and headphones. It also discusses tactile output devices like braille displays.

Uploaded by

jafasoh293
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Monochromatic display[edit]

A monochrome display is a type of CRT common in the early days of computing, from the 1960s through the 1980s, before color monitors became
popular.[4]

They are still widely used in applications such as computerized cash register systems. Green screen was the common name for a monochrome
monitor using a green "P1" phosphor screen.

Colored display[edit]

Color monitors, sometimes called RGB monitors, accept three separate signals (red, green, and blue), unlike a monochromatic display which accepts
one. Color monitors implement the RGB color model by using three different phosphors that appear red, green, and blue when activated. By placing
the phosphors directly next to each other, and activating them with different intensities, color monitors can create an unlimited number of colors. In
practice, however, the real number of colors that any monitor can display is controlled by the video adapter.[5]

Auditory[edit]
Main article: Loudspeaker

A speaker connected to a smartphone


A speaker is an output device that produces sound through an oscillating transducer called a driver. The equivalent input device is a microphone.

Speakers are plugged into a computer's sound card via a myriad of interfaces, such as a phone connector for analog audio, or SPDIF for digital audio.
While speakers can be connected through cables, wireless speakers are connected to the host device through radio technology such as Bluetooth.

Speakers are most often used in pairs, which allows the speaker system to produce positional audio. When more than one pair is used, it is referred to
as surround sound.

Certain models of computers includes a built-in speaker, which may sacrifice audio quality in favor of size. For example, the built-in speaker of a
smartphone allows the users to listen to media without attaching an external speaker.

Interface[edit]

Rear of a PCI sound card showing 3.5mm analog outputs


The interface between an auditory output device and a computer is the sound card. Sound cards may be included on a computer's motherboard,
installed as an expansion card, or as a desktop unit.[6][7]

The sound card may offer either an analog or digital output. In the latter case, output is often transmitted using SPDIF as either an electrical signal or
an optical interface known as TOSLINK. Digital outputs are then decoded by an AV receiver.

In the case of wireless audio, the computer merely transmits a radio signal, and responsibility of decoding and output is shifted to the speaker.
Form factors[edit]
Computer speakers[edit]

A pair of computer speakers and a subwoofer used in a desktop


environment
Main article: Computer speakers

While speakers can be used for any purpose, there are computer speakers which are built for computer use. These speakers are designed to sit on a
desk, and as such, cannot be as large as conventional speakers.[8]

Computer speakers may be powered via USB, and are most often connected through a 3.5mm phone connector.

PC speaker[edit]
Main article: PC speaker

The PC speaker is a simple loudspeaker built into IBM PC compatible computers. Unlike a speaker used with a sound card, the PC speaker is only
meant to produce square waves to produce sounds such as beeping.

Modern computers utilize a piezoelectric buzzer or a small speaker as the PC speaker.

PC speakers are used during Power-on self-test to identify errors during the computer's boot process, without needing a video output device to be
present and functional.

Studio monitor[edit]

A recording setup with two monitor speakers


Main article: Studio monitor

A Studio monitor is a speaker used in a studio environment. These speakers optimize for accuracy.[9] A monitor produces a flat (linear) frequency
response which does not emphasize or de-emphasize of particular frequencies.

Headphones[edit]
Main article: Headphones

Headphones, earphones, and earpieces are a kind of speaker which is supported either on the user's head, or the user's ear.

Unlike a speaker, headphones are not meant to be audible to people nearby, which suits them for use in the public, office or other quiet environments.

Noise-cancelling headphones are built with ambient noise reduction capabilities which may employ active noise cancelling.

Technology[edit]
Loudspeakers are composed of several components within an enclosure, such as several drivers, active amplifiers, crossovers, and other electronics.
Multiple drivers are used to reproduce the full frequency range of human hearing, with tweeters producing high pitches and woofers producing low
pitches. Full-range speakers use only one driver to produce as much of a frequency response as possible.[10]

While Hi-Fi speakers attempt to produce high quality sound, computer speakers may compromise on these aspects due to their limited size and to be
inexpensive, and the latter often uses full-range speakers as a result.[8]
Tactile[edit]
Main article: Tactile technology

Braille display[edit]

Closeup of a refreshable braille display

Braille display in use

Main article: Refreshable braille display

A refreshable braille display outputs braille characters through the use of pins raised out of holes on its surface. It is ordinarily used by visually-
impaired individuals as an alternative to a screen reader.[11]

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