Statistics

Frequency Distribution Table- A data table that lists a set of scores and their frequency

Tally
In tallying each stroke represent a quantity.
Frequency
This is the number of times an item or value occurs

Mean
This is usually referred to as arithmetic mean, and is the average value for the data

Mode
This is the most frequent item or value in a distribution or data. In the above table its 7 which
is the most frequent.
Median
To get the median arrange the items in order of size. If there are N items and N is an odd

number, the item occupying

If N is even, the average of the items occupying n/2

Helena has a different set of cards.
She takes one card at random and records the number shown.
She does this 50 times.
The results are shown in the table.

Number on card (x) Frequency (f) fx

1 8 8

2 11 22

3 10 30

4 9 36

5 12 60

∑ (f) =50 ∑ (fx) =156

Calculate the mean of her results. (3 mks)

∑ (𝑓𝑥)
Σ𝑓𝑥 156
Σ𝑓
mean = = 50
= 3.12
∑ (𝑓)

In questions 1−5, find the mean, median, mode and range for each set
of data.
1. A hockey team plays 15 matches. Below is a list of the numbers of goals scored in
these matches. 1, 0, 2, 4, 0, 1, 1, 1, 2, 5, 3, 0, 1, 2, 2

2. The total scores when two dice are thrown 20 times are: 7, 4, 5, 7, 3, 2, 8, 6, 8, 7, 6,
5, 11, 9, 7, 3, 8, 7, 6, 5
Mean =
Mode =
6+7
Median = 2,3,3,4,5,5,5,6,6,6,7,7,7,7,7,8,8,8,9,11= 2
=6.5

3. The ages of a group of girls are:

14 years 3 months, 14 years 5 months,
13 years 11 months, 14 years 3 months,
14 years 7 months, 14 years 3 months,
14 years 1 month

4. The numbers of students present in a class over a three-week period are: 28, 24, 25,
28, 23, 28, 27, 26, 27, 25, 28, 28, 28, 26, 25

5. An athlete keeps a record in seconds of her training times for the 100 m race: 14.0,
14.3, 14.1, 14.3, 14.2, 14.0, 13.9, 13.8, 13.9, 13.8, 13.8, 13.7, 13.8, 13.8, 13.8
 6. The mean mass of the 11 players in a football team is 80.3 kg. The mean mass of
the team plus a substitute is 81.2 kg. Calculate the mass of the substitute.

7. After eight matches, a basketball player had scored a mean of 27 points. After three
more matches his mean was 29. Calculate the total number of points he scored in
the last three games.

Grouped Data
The difference between the smallest and the biggest values in a set of data is called the
range.
The data can be grouped into a convenient number of groups called classes. 30 – 40 are
called class boundaries.
The class with the highest frequency is called the modal class. In this case its 50 ≤ m < 60,
the class width or interval is obtained by getting the difference between the class limits. In
this case, 30 – 40 = 10, to get the mid-point you divide it by 2 and add it to the lower class
limit.

The mean for grouped data

The mean for grouped data can only be an estimate as the position of the data within a
group is not known. An estimate is made by calculating the mid-interval value for a group
and then assigning that mid-interval value to all of the data within the group.

Worked example
The history test scores for a group of 40 students are shown in the grouped frequency table
below.

a Calculate an estimate for the mean test result.

b)What is the modal class?

This refers to the class with the greatest frequency, if the class width is
constant. Therefore the modal class is 60≤ S ≤ 79.
The length of the index finger of 30 students in a class is measured. The results were
recorded and are shown in the grouped frequency table.

Length Frequency (f) mid-point (x) Frequency x

mid-point(fx)

5.0 - 5.4 3 5.2 15.6

5.5 -5.9 8 5.7 45.6

6.0 -6.4 10 6.2 62

6.5 -6.9 7 6.7 46.9

70 < 7.5 2 7.25 14.5

Σf=30 Σ𝑓𝑥=184.6

a Calculate an estimate for the mean index finger length of the students.
Σ𝑓𝑥
Mean= Σ𝑓
184.6÷30=6.15
=6.15

b What is the modal class?

6.0 - 6.4

Representation of Statistical Data

The main purpose of representation of statistical data is to make collected data more easily
understood.

Methods of representation of data include.

Bar Graph
Consist of a number of spaced rectangles which generally have major axes vertical. Bars are
uniform width.
The axes must be labelled and scales indicated.

The students’ favourite juices are as follows

Red 2
Orange 8
Yellow 10
Purple 6
Pictograms
In a pictogram, data is represented using pictures.
Consider the following data

The data shows the number of people who love

the following animals
Dogs 250, Cats 350, Horses 150, other 150

Pie Chart
A pie chart is divided into various sectors .Each sector represent a certain quantity of the
item being considered the size of the sector is proportional to the quantity being measured
.consider the export of US to the following countries. Canada $ 1 3390, Mexico $ 81 36,
Japan $5824, France $ 21 1 0 .
This information can be represented in a pie chart as follows
Histograms
Frequency in each class is represented by a rectangular bar whose area is proportional to
the frequency, where the bars are of the same width and the height of the rectangle is
proportional to the frequency .
Note;
The bars are joined together.
The class boundaries mark the boundaries of the rectangular bars in the histogram

Histograms can also be drawn when the class interval is not the same

Work to do
1. The height of 36 students in a class was recorded to the nearest centimetres as
follows. 148 159 163 158 166 155 155 179 158 155 171 172 156 161 160 165 157
165 175 173 172 178 159 168 160 167 147 168 172 157 165 154 170 157 162 173
a. Make a grouped table with 145.5 as lower class limit and class width of 5. (4mks)

b. Use your table in (a) to draw a histogram to represent the data

2.