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PROCEDURES FOR GATHERING DATA
The study primarily employs a survey questionnaire administered via Google Forms to
gather primary data from respondents. The respondents are individuals with experience in the
construction industry, expected to provide their perceptions using a Likert scale questionnaire to
gauge their agreement or disagreement with various statements. The target number of respondents
is set at 50 to ensure the collection of reliable data.
The questionnaire consists of six components and 24 questions, drawn from existing
literature. Data collection efforts are conducted both on-site, such as distributing printed surveys at
construction sites in Sampaloc, Manila, and online through social media platforms like Facebook
and Messenger. The questionnaire is designed in both English and Tagalog to accommodate the
language preferences of the respondents.
Overall, the study aims to gain insights into the attitudes and opinions of safety officers and
construction workers regarding PPE detection systems, IoT adoption, and factors affecting their
perceived effectiveness, with the ultimate goal of informing practices and policies in the Philippine
construction industry.
TREATMENT OF DATA
Reliability and Validity Testing
Data treatment involves the analysis and manipulation of data to extract valuable insights
and make informed conclusion (Juan, 2014). The researchers used various treatments to
encompass the process of modifying data in order to determine the effectiveness of an enhanced
PPE detection system.
This passage discusses the importance of reliability and validity testing in research,
particularly in the context of evaluating the effectiveness of an enhanced PPE detection
system. Researchers employ statistical analysis and data treatments to ensure accurate
outcomes and deductions. Internal consistency, measured using Cronbach's alpha,
indicates how closely test items measure the same construct. A value between 0.6 and 0.8
is considered appropriate. The researchers use Cronbach's alpha procedures to test
reliability, calculating mean, standard deviation, and variance for each question. Mean
values are then used to interpret positive perceptions. Additionally, Pimentel's procedures
are applied to translate data into adjectival ratings of the Likert scale based on mean
values. This approach aids in understanding respondents' perceptions regarding the PPE
detection system.
Tinatalakay ng passage na ito ang kahalagahan ng reliability at validity testing sa

pananaliksik, partikular sa konteksto ng pagsusuri sa pagiging epektibo ng isang pinahusay na
PPE detection system. Gumagamit ang mga mananaliksik ng istatistikal na pagsusuri at mga
paggamot sa data upang matiyak ang tumpak na mga resulta at pagbabawas. Ang panloob na
pagkakapare-pareho, na sinusukat gamit ang alpha ng Cronbach, ay nagpapahiwatig kung
gaano kalapit ang mga item sa pagsubok na sumusukat sa parehong konstruksyon. Ang isang
halaga sa pagitan ng 0.6 at 0.8 ay itinuturing na naaangkop. Ginagamit ng mga mananaliksik
ang mga pamamaraan ng alpha ng Cronbach upang subukan ang pagiging maaasahan,
pagkalkula ng mean, standard deviation, at pagkakaiba-iba para sa bawat tanong. Ang ibig
sabihin ng mga halaga ay ginamit upang bigyang-kahulugan ang mga positibong pananaw.
Bukod pa rito, ang mga pamamaraan ng Pimentel ay inilapat upang isalin ang data sa mga
adjectival rating ng Likert scale batay sa mga mean na halaga. Ang pamamaraang ito ay
nakakatulong sa pag-unawa sa mga pananaw ng mga sumasagot tungkol sa sistema ng
pagtuklas ng PPE.
Descriptive Statistics and Frequency Distribution
A variety of techniques, such as numerical and visual methods, are employed to

assess the normality of data; each technique has pros and cons of its own. The summary
metrics and techniques for determining whether the data are normal have been covered in
this study.
Frequency distribution will be the statistical treatment for finding patterns and
trends in the data and determining the percentage of each value or category with the total
number of observations. A portion of statistical descriptions in statistics to summarize the
characteristics of variables and comparison of results. The researchers will use this
treatment to provide a statistical description of the demographic profile of respondents
and compare survey results.
The passage discusses how descriptive statistics and frequency distribution are
used to analyze quantitative data in a study focused on the use of IoT and computer vision
for deploying PPE detection systems in construction. Descriptive statistics summarize the
data through measures of central tendency and distribution, helping to provide a clear
overview of the data characteristics. The normality of the data is tested using various
numerical and visual methods, which is important for deciding whether to apply
parametric or nonparametric statistical techniques for further analysis. Frequency
distribution, on the other hand, is used to identify patterns and trends within the data,
specifically to understand how frequently certain responses occur among safety officers
and construction workers regarding the use of PPE detection systems. This approach helps
in summarizing the demographic profile of the respondents and comparing survey results
effectively.
Parametric statistics are based on assumptions about the distribution of population from
which the sample was taken. Nonparametric statistics are not based on assumptions, that is, the
data can be collected from a sample that does not follow a specific distribution.
Tinatalakay ng sipi kung paano ginagamit ang mga deskriptibong istatistika at

pamamahagi ng dalas upang pag-aralan ang dami ng data sa isang pag-aaral na nakatuon sa
paggamit ng IoT at computer vision para sa pag-deploy ng mga PPE detection system sa
pagtatayo. Ibinubuod ng mga deskriptibong istatistika ang data sa pamamagitan ng mga sukat
ng sentral na tendensya at pamamahagi, na tumutulong na magbigay ng malinaw na
pangkalahatang-ideya ng mga katangian ng data. Sinusuri ang normalidad ng data gamit ang
iba't ibang numerical at visual na pamamaraan, na mahalaga para sa pagpapasya kung ilalapat
ang parametric o nonparametric na mga diskarte sa istatistika para sa karagdagang pagsusuri.
Ang pamamahagi ng dalas, sa kabilang banda, ay ginagamit upang tukuyin ang mga pattern at
trend sa loob ng data, partikular para maunawaan kung gaano kadalas nangyayari ang ilang
partikular na tugon sa mga opisyal ng kaligtasan at construction worker tungkol sa paggamit ng
mga sistema ng pagtuklas ng PPE. Nakakatulong ang diskarteng ito sa pagbubuod ng
demograpikong profile ng mga respondent at epektibong paghahambing ng mga resulta ng
survey.
Chi-Squared Goodness of Fit
Para ma-distribute yung perceptions nila
kasi need malaman yung influences ng opinion nila: benefits and external safety factors
The present study employed mixed statistical methods in distributing the

perceptions of IoT adoption in the Philippines. In this study on IoT adoption in the Philippine
construction industry, researchers use mixed statistical methods, including descriptive
statistics, frequency distribution, and the Chi-Squared goodness of fit test, to analyze
survey data. This analysis focuses on evaluating respondent perceptions regarding external
safety factors and the benefits of IoT implementation, using 11 specific survey questions.
The Chi-Squared test is particularly used to examine the relationship between these
variables. It helps determine whether there is a significant difference between observed
frequencies (from survey responses) and expected frequencies under the null hypothesis,
which assumes no relationship between the variables. Rejecting the null hypothesis (when
the calculated Chi-Squared value exceeds the table value) indicates a significant
discrepancy, suggesting a notable relationship. Accepting the null hypothesis (when the
calculated value is less than the table value) implies no significant difference between
observed and expected frequencies. This approach allows researchers to test the
significance of the moderating effects of IoT adoption on the relationship between
perceived benefits and external safety factors.
Multiple Regression Analysis
Ipinakikilala ng passage na ito ang maramihang pagsusuri ng regression, isang

istatistikal na paraan na ginagamit upang masuri ang kaugnayan sa pagitan ng isang dependent
variable (tulad ng pagiging epektibo ng isang pinahusay na sistema ng pagtuklas ng PPE) at
maramihang mga independent variable (mga salik na nauugnay sa mga perception). Nilalayon
ng mga mananaliksik na maunawaan kung paano naiimpluwensyahan ng iba't ibang salik, tulad
ng mga antas ng kumpiyansa, dalas ng aksidente, pagsunod sa mga protocol ng PPE, at
kaalaman sa IoT at Computer Vision, sa pagiging epektibo ng sistema ng PPE. Kino-convert
nila ang mga tugon sa Likert scale sa mga numerical na halaga para sa pagsusuri. Kabilang sa
mga pangunahing sukatan ang koepisyent ng ugnayan (nagsasaad ng lakas ng mga ugnayan),
R-squared (pagtukoy kung gaano kahusay ang akma ng data sa modelo), at halaga ng
kahalagahan F (nagsasaad ng pangkalahatang kahalagahan ng modelo). Ang mga P-value ay
mahalaga sa pagtatasa ng mga variable na relasyon, na may antas ng kabuluhan na 0.05 na
karaniwang ginagamit. Nakakatulong ang pagsusuri na ito na matukoy kung aling mga
nakikitang salik ang makabuluhang nakakaapekto sa pagiging epektibo ng sistema ng PPE.
It is applied when forecasting a variable's value by using the values of two or more
other variables. The dependent variable also referred to as the outcome, target, or criterion
variable is the predictor in this data. The independent variables are those used to predict
the value of the dependent variable; they are also referred to as predictor, explanatory, or
regressor variables occasionally.
This passage introduces multiple regression analysis, a statistical method used to assess
the relationship between a dependent variable (such as the effectiveness of an enhanced PPE
detection system) and multiple independent variables (factors related to perceptions).
Researchers aim to understand how various factors, like confidence levels, accident frequency,
adherence to PPE protocols, and knowledge of IoT and Computer Vision, influence the
effectiveness of the PPE system. They convert Likert scale responses to numerical values for
analysis (likert scale to ensure all variables were on a continuous scale, with "Strongly Disagree"
assigned a value of 1 and "Strongly Agree" assigned a value of 5). Key metrics include the
correlation coefficient (indicating the strength of relationships), R-squared (determining how
well data fits the model), and significance F value (indicating overall model significance). P-
values are crucial in assessing variable relationships, with a significance level of 0.05 commonly
used. This analysis helps identify which perceived factors significantly impact the PPE system's
effectiveness.

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SCRIPT

PROCEDURES FOR GATHERING DATA

Reliability and Validity Testing

Tinatalakay ng passage na ito ang kahalagahan ng reliability at validity testing sa

Descriptive Statistics and Frequency Distribution

A variety of techniques, such as numerical and visual methods, are employed to

Tinatalakay ng sipi kung paano ginagamit ang mga deskriptibong istatistika at

Chi-Squared Goodness of Fit

Para ma-distribute yung perceptions nila

The present study employed mixed statistical methods in distributing the

Ipinakikilala ng passage na ito ang maramihang pagsusuri ng regression, isang

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