TECHNICAL NOTES

Tenure Status of Housing Unit/Lot in the Philippines

(2020 Census of Population and Housing)

I. Introduction
I.
The Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) conducted the 2020
Census of Population and Housing (2020 CPH) in September 2020, with
01 May 2020 as the reference date.

The 2020 CPH was the 15th census of population and the 7th census
of housing undertaken in the Philippines since the first census in 1903. It
was designed to take an inventory of the country's total population and
housing units and collect information about their characteristics.

The Philippine Standard Geographic Code (PSGC), as of

March 2022 was used to disaggregate geographic levels of the 2020 CPH.

II. Data Limitation

The number of households in this report may not be equal to the

reported number in Report No. 1, as the Press Release on Tenure
Status of the Housing Unit excludes households found in temporary
relocation areas, households reported as homeless, and households
living in other types of non-conventional housing units or buildings. In
Report No. 1, the total number of households is 26,393,906 while the
coverage of this Special Release includes only 26,374,653 households.

The statistics presented in this report were based on the

information provided by the respondent or any responsible household
member who may provide accurate answers to the questions and give
correct information about all the household members. Likewise, the
statistics presented are based on responses from a sample of around
5.22 million households in the entire country, which represents about 20
percent of the total households based on the 2020 CPH.
 III. Methodology

III.1 Method of Enumeration

The population and housing censuses in the Philippines are

conducted on a “de jure” basis, wherein a person is counted in the usual
place of residence or the place where the person usually resides. The
enumeration of the population and collection of pertinent data in the
2020 CPH referred to all living persons as of 01 May 2020.

Information on the tenure of the housing unit/lot contained in this

are based on the information provided by the household respondents
and by observation of the enumerator during the data collection of the
2020 CPH.

The data were collected using CPH Form 3 (Sample Household

Questionnaire) and CPH Form 7B (Self-Administered Questionnaire for
Sample Household).

The items for the sample household questionnaire were

administered through questions asked by the enumerator, which are as
follows:

1. Tenure Status of the Housing Unit/Lot (“What is the tenure

status of the housing unit and lot occupied by this
household?”);
2. Mode of Acquisition of the Housing Unit (“How did this
household acquire this housing unit?”);
3. Source of Financing of the Housing Unit (“Did this household
avail of the following sources of financing in the construction/
purchase of this housing unit?”); and
4. Monthly Rental of the Housing Unit (“How much is the monthly
rental of this housing unit?”).

III.2 Sampling Scheme

The 2020 CPH was carried out using a combination of complete

enumeration and sampling. The sampling rate or the proportion of
households selected as sample households was 20 percent.

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 The sampling rate for the city/municipality is applied to all
enumeration areas (EAs) in the city/municipality. Each city/municipality
was treated as a domain to obtain efficient and accurate population and
housing estimates at the city/municipality level. A 20 percent systematic
cluster sampling rate was adopted to minimize the enumerator’s
selection bias.

In this sampling scheme, an EA was divided into clusters

composed of five households each. Clusters were formed by grouping
five households assigned consecutive numbers as they were listed. A
sample selection of one in every five clusters of households was carried
out, with the first cluster selected randomly. A random start was pre-
determined for each EA.

III.3 Estimation Procedure

The estimation procedure produces a set of household weights.

The weights for each sample household corresponds to the number of
households that the total household represents. These weights are
applied to the sample data to produce estimates from the sample
questionnaire. Estimates are summary measures calculated from the
sample for various characteristics of interest.

Household weight is computed at the city/municipal level. Compute

the household weight as the inverse of probability of inclusion at the
city/municipality level. This can be done by determining the probability of
inclusion for each city/municipality and then taking the inverse of this
probability.

The inverse of probability of inclusion is computed:

𝑁𝑖
𝐻𝐻𝑤𝑔𝑡𝑖 =
𝑛𝑖
where:

Ni = total number of households in the ith city/municipality

ni = total number of sample households in the ith city/municipality
HHwgti = household weight for all households in the ith city/municipality

The computed household weight at the city/municipality level was

further calibrated to ensure that the resulting tables will conform to that of
the household distribution in terms of tenure status of the housing unit/lot.

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 IV. Definition of Terms and Concepts
V.
Housing unit

A housing unit is a structurally separate and independent place of

abode constructed, converted, or arranged and intended for habitation
by one or more households. Structures or parts of structures that are not
intended for habitation, such as commercial, industrial, and agricultural
buildings, or natural and man-made shelters such as boats, abandoned
trucks, culverts, and others, but which are used as living quarters by
households, are also considered as housing units. But these are still
excluded in this report since tenure status are not applicable to these
housing units.

a. Occupied housing units are housing units occupied by the

households.

b. Total housing units include occupied housing units and housing

units that are vacant, used only as a rest house or vacation
house, whose occupants are excluded in the enumeration or
occupied by non-usual residents (NUR).

Household

A household is a social unit consisting of a person or a group of

persons who sleep in the same housing unit and have a common
arrangement in preparing and consuming food.

Homeless

Homeless refers to individuals or households living in the streets or

public spaces (e.g., parks and sidewalks) without shelter.

For 2020 CPH, those homeless or persons living in the streets or

public spaces who have no usual place of residence or are not certain to
be enumerated elsewhere should be listed where they are found.

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Tenure status of the housing unit/lot

Data on the tenure status of the housing unit and the lot is also
useful for housing priorities and policies, promoting a house and lot
ownership, and identifying groups that need housing assistance. The
extent to which the households own or rent the buildings/living quarters
they occupy is of special significance to housing programs.

The categories for the tenure status of the housing unit and the lot
are as follows:

1. Own or owner-like possession of the house and lot - the

household is the owner and has legal possession or claims
ownership of the housing unit and lot. Consider as “own or
owner-like” a housing unit and lot being amortized or paid on an
installment basis;

2. Own house, rent lot - the household owns the house but rents
the lot in cash or in-kind;

3. Own house, rent-free lot with consent of the owner - the

household owns the house but occupies the lot with permission
of the owner and does not pay any rent, in cash or in-kind, to
the owner, tenant/lessee, or subtenant/sublessee;

4. Own house, rent-free lot without consent of the owner - the

household owns the house but occupies the lot without
permission of the owner;

5. Rent house/room, including lot - the household pays rent, either

in cash or in-kind, for the house/room (including lot) it occupies;

6. Rent-free house and lot with consent of the owner - the

household occupies the house and lot, rent-free, with consent
or permission of the owner; and

7. Rent-free house and lot without consent of the owner - the

household occupies the housing unit and lot without consent or
permission of the owner.

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Mode of acquisition of the housing unit

The categories for the mode of acquisition of the housing unit are
as follows:

1. Inherited - the housing unit was transmitted to a family member

by mode of succession upon the death of an individual. This
may also include those properties transmitted by a living
person, in contemplation of death, provided that the same is
irrevocable. The inheritance may be testate or intestate.
Filipino terms are “minana or pinasa”;

2. Gift - the housing unit was donated or bequeathed without any

consideration other than gratuity. This gift may be documented
or implied. Filipino terms are “regalo” or “bigay”;

3. Company Benefit - the dweller was allowed to stay on the

premise as a privilege accorded by the company or employer.
Common arrangements include housing projects, staff houses,
quarters, or barracks. The arrangement may be free or with a
minimal rental fee. However, housing provided by the company
but being amortized by the dweller shall be considered as
purchased;

4. Purchased - the dwelling unit may be acquired/amortized

through a housing loan/mortgage (through Pag-IBIG, Social
Security System (SSS), Government Service Insurance System
(GSIS), bank, and other financial institutions) or through
arrangements with another person. Documents for purchase
include Real Estate Mortgage, Deed of Sale, or Contract to
Sell, usually involving a Transfer Certificate of Title (TCT). This
category also includes housing units acquired through own
resources or savings; and

5. Others - examples of other modes of acquiring the housing unit

are:

a. Rights - an answer of “binili ang rights ng lupa” suggests that

the housing unit was acquired through “rights” and not
“purchased.” A “rights of the land” purchased from a person
residing in an informal settlement area does not constitute a

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 transfer of ownership of the land, and the government does
not recognize the transaction;
b. Awarded - refers to lots/dwelling units awarded by the
national government agency, Local Government Unit (LGU),
or other legal entities (Gawad Kalinga, Habitat for Humanity)
based on a legally binding document (Certificate of
Entitlement to Lot Award, Certification of Lot Award,
Certification of Allocation or Certificate of Eligibility). There
may be conditions set before a dweller could qualify as a
beneficiary, as in the case of a dweller required to pay a
certain amount for the award. This category also refers to
lots/dwelling units wherein the sale has yet to be
consummated; and

c. This may also refer to a housing unit acquired as a prize of

raffles, contests, or similar activities.

Source of financing of the housing unit

Data on the source/s of financing give information on the extent to

which the government provides housing assistance. Specifically,
information on this will help monitor government participation in financing
or administering the construction of new residential housing units.

This question refers to the source of financing for the

construction/purchase of the residential housing unit and not for any
subsequent repair, renovation, and/or improvement.

The different sources of financing are as follows:

a. Own resources/interest-free loans from relatives/friends;

b. Government assistance, Pag-IBIG, GSIS, SSS, LBP, and
others;
c. Private banks/foundations/cooperatives;
d. Employer assistance;
e. Private persons; and
f. Others.

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Monthly Rental of the Housing Unit

Information on the monthly rental of the housing unit is used in

reviewing government housing policy and other related matters, such as
the need for rent controls. It also enables the analysis of income and
rental levels for particular groups.

The monthly rental of the housing unit should exclude rental for
furnishings and payment for electricity and water. Rental for the housing
unit, which includes furnishings, and payment for electricity and water,
can be estimated by subtracting the estimated rental for furnishings or
the amount for the consumption of water and electricity from the total
monthly rental.

The different categories for this item are as follows:

1. PhP 500 or less;

2. PhP 501 – 1,000;
3. PhP 1,001 – 1,500;
4. PhP 1,501 – 2,000;
5. PhP 2,001 – 4,000;
6. PhP 4,001 – 6,000;
7. PhP 6,001 – 7,500;
8. PhP 7,501 – 10,000; and
9. PhP 10,001 and over.

V. Dissemination of Results

The 2020 CPH special release and statistical tables are publicly
available at the PSA website, https://psa.gov.ph/population-and-housing

VI. Citation

Philippine Statistics Authority. Technical Notes, 2020 Census of

Population and Housing, https://psa.gov.ph/population-and-housing/
technical-notes

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VII. Contact Information

Joseph P. Cajita
(Chief Statistical Specialist)
Officer-in-Charge, Assistant National Statistician
National Censuses Service
Censuses and Technical Coordination Office
(02) 8376-1903
[email protected]

For data requests, you may contact:

Simonette A. Nisperos
Information Officer V
Knowledge Management and Communications Division
Information Technology and Dissemination Service
Censuses and Technical Coordination Office
(02) 8462-6600 loc. 820
[email protected] | [email protected]

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