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Lecture 11

The document discusses binary search trees (BST), including their properties, operations like searching, insertion, and deletion, and advantages over regular binary trees. BSTs improve search time by keeping nodes ordered with left subtrees containing smaller values and right subtrees containing larger values.

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kazimahinmahfuz2711
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12 views

Lecture 11

The document discusses binary search trees (BST), including their properties, operations like searching, insertion, and deletion, and advantages over regular binary trees. BSTs improve search time by keeping nodes ordered with left subtrees containing smaller values and right subtrees containing larger values.

Uploaded by

kazimahinmahfuz2711
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ِ‫ﺑِﺳْ مِ ٱ ﱠٰ ِ ٱﻟرﱠ ﺣْ َٰﻣ ِن ٱﻟرﱠ ﺣِﯾم‬

In the name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful

CSE 4303
Data Structure

Topic: Binary Search Tree

Asaduzzaman Herok
Lecturer | CSE | IUT
[email protected]
BINARY SEARCH TREES (BST)
A binary search tree, also known as an ordered binary tree, is a variant of binary trees in
which the nodes are arranged in an order.

● The left sub-tree of a node N


contains values that are less than
N’s value.
● The right sub-tree of a node N
contains values that are greater
than N’s value.
● Both the left and the right binary
trees also satisfy these properties
and, thus, are binary search trees.

Since the nodes in a binary search tree are ordered, the time needed to search an
element in the tree is greatly reduced.
Asaduzzaman Herok, Lecturer
30 October, 2023 2
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, IUT
WHY DO WE NEED BST
Binary Search on sorted Array: Binary Search Tree:
● Time complexity O(log(n)). ● Average time complexity O(log(n)).
● Insertion of new element ? ● Insertion of new element ?
○ Need to sort again ○ Still O(log(n))
● Deletion of element? ● Deletion of element?
○ Need to sort again ○ Still O(log(n))

Worst Case? …. O(n)


Some Uses
● BSTs are used for indexing and multi-level indexing.
● They are also helpful to implement various searching algorithms.
● It is helpful in maintaining a sorted stream of data.
● TreeMap and TreeSet data structures are internally implemented using self-balancing
BSTs
● BSTs are widely used in dictionary problems
Asaduzzaman Herok, Lecturer
30 October, 2023 3
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, IUT
OPERATIONS ON BST

● Searching an element
● Inserting a new element
● Deleting an element
● Deleting the entire tree
● Determining the height of the tree
● Finding the largest element
● Finding the smallest element
● Traversals (Pre-Order, In-Order, Post-Order)

Asaduzzaman Herok, Lecturer


30 October, 2023 4
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, IUT
SEARCHING IN BST

Asaduzzaman Herok, Lecturer


30 October, 2023 5
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, IUT
INSERTION IN BST

Asaduzzaman Herok, Lecturer


30 October, 2023 6
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, IUT
DELETION IN BST
Case 1: Deleting a Node that has No Children

Asaduzzaman Herok, Lecturer


30 October, 2023 7
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, IUT
DELETION IN BST
Case 2: Deleting a Node with One Child

Asaduzzaman Herok, Lecturer


30 October, 2023 8
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, IUT
DELETION IN BST
Case 3: Deleting a Node with Two Children

Asaduzzaman Herok, Lecturer


30 October, 2023 9
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, IUT
DELETION IN BST

The Pseudocode

Asaduzzaman Herok, Lecturer


30 October, 2023 10
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, IUT
DELETION OF ENTIRE BST SMALLEST ELEMENT OF BST

LARGEST ELEMENT OF BST

Asaduzzaman Herok, Lecturer


30 October, 2023 11
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, IUT
DISADVANTAGES OF BST

Worst Case Scenario:


● Searching: O(n)
● Insertion: O(n)
● Deletion: O(n)
● Height: n

Asaduzzaman Herok, Lecturer


30 October, 2023 12
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, IUT
Acknowledgements

Data Structures
Using
c
Reema Thareja

Asaduzzaman Herok, Lecturer


30 October, 2023 13
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, IUT

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