The document discusses the four types of conditionals in English: zero, first, second, and third. The zero conditional uses the present simple in both clauses to describe general facts. The first conditional uses the present simple and will + infinitive to talk about possible future events. The second conditional uses the past simple and would to describe unlikely or imaginary situations. The third conditional uses the past perfect and would have to talk about unreal past situations.
The document discusses the four types of conditionals in English: zero, first, second, and third. The zero conditional uses the present simple in both clauses to describe general facts. The first conditional uses the present simple and will + infinitive to talk about possible future events. The second conditional uses the past simple and would to describe unlikely or imaginary situations. The third conditional uses the past perfect and would have to talk about unreal past situations.
The document discusses the four types of conditionals in English: zero, first, second, and third. The zero conditional uses the present simple in both clauses to describe general facts. The first conditional uses the present simple and will + infinitive to talk about possible future events. The second conditional uses the past simple and would to describe unlikely or imaginary situations. The third conditional uses the past perfect and would have to talk about unreal past situations.
The document discusses the four types of conditionals in English: zero, first, second, and third. The zero conditional uses the present simple in both clauses to describe general facts. The first conditional uses the present simple and will + infinitive to talk about possible future events. The second conditional uses the past simple and would to describe unlikely or imaginary situations. The third conditional uses the past perfect and would have to talk about unreal past situations.
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ENGLISH
Prof: Silvana Battagión
CONDITIONALS
1. The Zero Conditional:
(if + present simple, ... present simple) If you heat water to 100 degrees, it boils.
We can make a zero conditional sentence with two present simple verbs (one in the 'if clause' and one in the 'main clause'):
If + present simple,.... present simple.
This conditional is used when the result will always happen. So, if water reaches 100 degrees, it always boils. It's a fact. I'm talking in general, not about one particular situation. The result of the 'if clause' is always the main clause. The 'if' in this conditional can usually be replaced by 'when' without changing the meaning.
For example: If water reaches 100 degrees, it boils. (It is always true, there can't be a different result sometimes). If I eat peanuts, I am sick. (This is true only for me, maybe, not for everyone, but it's still true that I'm sick every time I eat peanuts)
Here are some more examples:
If people eat too much, they get fat. If you touch a fire, you get burned. People die if they don't eat. You get water if you mix hydrogen and oxygen. Snakes bite if they are scared If babies are hungry, they cry
1. The First Conditional:
(if + present simple, ... will + infinitive) If it rains tomorrow, we'll go shopping. The first conditional has the present simple after 'if', then the future simple in the other clause:
if + present simple, ... will + infinitive
It's used to talk about things which might happen in the future. Of course, we can't know what will happen in the future, but this describes possible things, which could easily come true.
If it rains, I won't go to the park.
If I study today, I'll go to the party tonight. If I have enough money, I'll buy some new shoes. She'll be late if the train is delayed. She'll miss the bus if she doesn't leave soon. If I see her, I'll tell her.
First vs. Zero Conditional:
The first conditional describes a particular situation, whereas the zero conditional describes what happens in general.
For example (zero conditional): if you sit in the sun, you get burned (here I'm talking about every time a person sits in the sun - the burning is a natural consequence of the sitting)
But (first conditional): if you sit in the sun, you'll get burned (here I'm talking about what will happen today, another day might be different)
2. The Second Conditional:
(if + past simple, ... would + infinitive) If I had a lot of money, I would travel around the world.
The second conditional uses the past simple after if, then 'would' and the infinitive:
if + past simple, ...would + infinitive
(We can use 'were' instead of 'was' with 'I' and 'he/she/it'. This is mostly done in formal writing).
It has two uses.
First, we can use it to talk about things in the future that are probably not going to be true. Maybe I'm imagining some dream for example.
If I won the lottery, I would buy a big house.(I probably won't win the lottery) If I met the Queen of England, I would say hello. She would travel all over the world if she were rich. She would pass the exam if she ever studied.(She never studies, so this won't happen)
Second, we can use it to talk about something in the present which is impossible, because it's not true. Is that clear? Have a look at the examples:
If I had his number, I would call him. (I don't have his number now, so it's impossible for me to call him). If I were you, I wouldn't go out with that man.
How is this different from the first conditional?
This kind of conditional sentence is different from the first conditional because this is a lot more unlikely.
For example (second conditional): If I had enough money I would buy a house with twenty bedrooms and a swimming pool (I'm probably not going to have this much money, it's just a dream, not very real)
But (first conditional): If I have enough money, I'll buy some new shoes (It's much more likely that I'll have enough money to buy some shoes)
First vs. Second Conditional:
The first conditional describes things that I think are likely to happen in the future, whereas the second conditional talks about things that I don't think will really happen. It's subjective; it depends on my point of view.
For example (first conditional): If she studies harder, she'll pass the exam (I think it's possible she will study harder and so she'll pass)
But (second conditional): If she studied harder, she would pass the exam (I think that she won't study harder, or it's very unlikely, and so she won't pass)
3. The Third Conditional (if + past perfect, ... would + have + past participle) If I had gone to bed early, I would have caught the train.
We make the third conditional by using the past perfect after 'if' and then 'would have' and the past participle in the second part of the sentence:
if + past perfect, ...would + have + past participle
It talks about the past. It's used to describe a situation that didn't happen, and to imagine the result of this situation. If she had studied, she would have passed the exam (but, really we know she didn't study and so she didn't pass) If I hadn't eaten so much, I wouldn't have felt sick (but I did eat a lot, and so I did feel sick). If we had taken a taxi, we wouldn't have missed the plane She wouldn't have been tired if she had gone to bed earlier She would have become a teacher if she had gone to university He would have been on time for the interview if he had left the house at nine
(Notice we can put 'if' at the beginning, or in the middle. It doesn't matter at all.)
ACTIVITIES:
Realice un cuadro comparativo con los 4 tipos de condicionales.
Traduzca todos los ejemplos de cada tipo de condicional. Piense en cuatro ejemplos para cada tipo de condicional teniendo en cuenta las 2 partes de cada oración: (+) (+) Condición y consecuencia afirmativas (-) (-) Condición y consecuencia negativas (+) (-) Condición o consecuencia afirmativa (-) (+)Condición o consecuencia negativa Traduzca el siguiente texto:
COUNT ON ME Bruno Mars
If you ever find yourself stuck in the middle of the sea,
I'll sail the world to find you If you ever find yourself lost in the dark and you can't see, I'll be the light to guide you
Find out what we're made of
When we are called to help our friends in need
You can count on me like one two three
I'll be there And I know when I need it I can count on you like four three two You'll be there 'Cause that's what friends are supposed to do, oh yeah
Whoa, whoa Oh, oh Yeah, yeah
If you tossin' and you're turnin' and you just can't fall asleep I'll sing a song Beside you And if you ever forget how much you really mean to me Everyday I will Remind you
Ooh Find out what we're made of When we are called to help our friends in need
