INTER STATE BUS TERMINAL

1. INTRODUCTION & DEFINITION OF PROJECT

INTRODUCTION
1. Transportation is one of the most important requirements for aid of communication from
one place to other for visiting purpose or in the sense of tourism. A number of factors like the
convenience from one place to the other, promotion of tourism, for communication between
places, etc. have predicted the importance of planning such as roadways industries in the
essence of BUS TERMINALS.
2. Transportation system improves the social, economic, industrial and commercial process
and further transforms the society into an organized one.
3. It is one of the essential services, vital force for determining the direction of development.
To achieve the desired transportation balance and for the system to be efficient.
4. It is essential to provide organized facilities in the system.
5. As transportation is concerned with the movement between origin and destination involves
the movement of people and goods. There is need for an access point in the system for use.
6. Transportation is one of the most vital services for every city small or big. Everyone is
familiar with the difficulties that a transportation malfunction causes. These range from
minor delays and aggravation when a street segment is closed for construction, to major
disruptions of activities and shortages of goods when there is a major strike.
7. The current transport situation in delhi highly demands for an integrated transit system.
8. An interstate/city bus terminal is a landmark in the city and nonetheless “the gateway of
the city.” This can be considered as an indicator of development of any city/town.
9. This can be considered as an indicator of development of any city/town.
10. Unfortunately such structure has been neglected up till so far in terms of social focal point
or the architectural features.
11. The topic bus terminus has been chosen as the society is developing at a faster rate and so
the infrastructure need is gaining momentum.
12. Delhi has one of India's largest bus transport systems.
13. Buses are the most popular means of transport catering to about 60% of Delhi's total
demand.
14. Buses are operated by the state-owned Delhi transport corporation (DTC). The Delhi
buses serve more than 800 stops all around the city and the state.

1 MET FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE,MORADABAD,UTTAR PRADESH

ABDUL KALAM AZAD TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, LUCKNOW, UP
PRERNA SINGH (1463181029)
 INTER STATE BUS TERMINAL

15. Connects almost all the major centers of north India with its services. It connects Uttar
Pradesh, Punjab, Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Rajasthan and
Haryana.

1.1. Modes of transport

1.2.1 Public
1.2.2 Private
With the rapid growth of urbanization in recent decades, public transport services,
particularly bus services in many cities in India lack their full potential. Due to inefficient
public transport systems, there has been an increase in the personalized mode of travel in
most cities, leading to increase in traffic density resulting in longer travel time, reduced
average speed, and increased fuel consumption, higher levels of pollution and discomfort to
road users. So there is a need for efficient transport system with the growth of urbanization.

1.2. Present scenario

Road transport is still the dominant mode of transportation - both for moving goods and
passengers.
Railways handle only 40% of the freight and 20% of the passengers load, 60% of the goods
and 80% of passenger's movement takes place through roads. Out of total length of national
highways, 27 % is single lane/intermediate lane; whereas 59% is double lane standard; and
the rest 14 % is four-lane/ six-lane/ eight lane standard.
As transport is the movement of people and goods from one place to another, there is a need
for access nodes from which people can segregate to their own destinations transit modes
from the infrastructure facility. These nodes can be bus terminuses, inter-state bus terminuses
for roadways, railway stations for railways, airports for airways, ports for waterways etc.

1.3 Bus terminus

A bus terminus is a structure where a number of buses stop to pick up and drop off
passengers and stop for maintenance or next day departures to different destinations. It is
larger than a bus stop, which is usually simply a place on the roadside, where buses can stop.
It may be intended as a terminal station for a number of routes, or as a transfer station where
the routes continue.
1.3.1. Scale of a terminus
It depends on the vehicular movement scale within that city and also on size of the city e.g.
Delhi is a capital city, there is a bulk of interstate buses so it comes under cities having large
scale traffic movement, so there would be a need for bus terminuses having more area.

2 MET FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE,MORADABAD,UTTAR PRADESH

ABDUL KALAM AZAD TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, LUCKNOW, UP
PRERNA SINGH (1463181029)
 INTER STATE BUS TERMINAL

Need for a terminus:- why and where?

Terminuses act as access nodes. Terminuses are needed where number of services terminates
and where there is a exchange of passengers and goods from one service to another.

1.3.2. Types of bus terminus

1. Bus depots
2. Bus stops and shelters
3. Intercity bus terminus
4. Airport-city bus terminus
5. Interstate bus terminus

Why Bus Terminus?

The dissertation topic has been selected as BUS TERMINUS because of its demand of time.
This project gives me an ample scope and opportunity for transportation . Transportation
planning is a field involved with the evaluation, assessment, design and sitting of
transportation facilities (generally streets, highways, footpaths, bike lanes and public
transport lines).

3 MET FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE,MORADABAD,UTTAR PRADESH

ABDUL KALAM AZAD TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, LUCKNOW, UP
PRERNA SINGH (1463181029)
 INTER STATE BUS TERMINAL

2. TRANSPORTATION IN DELHI

TRANSPORTATION
1. Transport Or Transportation is The Movement Of People From One Location To
Another.
2. Modes Of Transport Include Air, Rail, Road, Water, Cable, Pipeline, And Space.
3. The Field Can Be Divided Into Infrastructure, Vehicles, And Operations. Transport Is
Important Since It Enables Trade Between Peoples, Which In Turn Establishes Civilizations.
4. Transportation Can Be By
4.1. Roads
4.2. Railways
4.3. Airways
4.4. Waterways

5. And terminals such as

5.1. Airports
5.2. Railway stations
5.3. Bus stations
5.4. Trucking terminals

6. Out of all these bus stations are the third most important way of transportation after
airports and railway station. Airports links two states. Similar with railways but bus stations
links each part of cities as well as inter states.

4 MET FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE,MORADABAD,UTTAR PRADESH

ABDUL KALAM AZAD TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, LUCKNOW, UP
PRERNA SINGH (1463181029)
 INTER STATE BUS TERMINAL

3. BUS TERMINALS IN NCR

3.1 INTER-SATE BUS TERMINALS
3.1.1. EXISTING 3.1.2 PROPOSED
1. Anand Vihar 1. Dwarka
2. Sarai Kale Khan 2. Narela
3. Kashmiri Gate 3. ISBT, Sector-144, Noida-Greter Noida
Expressway

4. NEED OF THE PROJECT

1. Between 1981 and 2001, Delhi population has grown by 2.24 times and vehicles by 6.78
times. Personal vehicles per 1,000 populations has grown 3 times.
2. Delhi has vast employment opportunities. It attracts about 2 – 5 lakh people every year
who migrate from the neighboring states (especially east). It was estimated that the
Population of the Delhi state would rise to 1.5 cr by the end of 2010.
3. By keeping the population and vehicle growth rate in knowledge the need and demand of
this project is very high

PUBLIC VS PRIVATE VEHICLE

5 MET FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE,MORADABAD,UTTAR PRADESH

ABDUL KALAM AZAD TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, LUCKNOW, UP
PRERNA SINGH (1463181029)
 INTER STATE BUS TERMINAL

5. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

The Aim And Objectives Of The Project Are:

1. To achieve design excellence and to come up with a prototype design for a bus terminal
for future and urban scenario where space will become precious commodity & High Bus trip
will have to support from small site further to save space for commercial activities will be
incorporate with Bus Terminal and give to Noida a missing Landmark Building.
2. To promote fast & understanding flow of traffic.
3. To create clear segregation of different type of traffic. No congestion at peak hour.
4. To incorporate today’s communication system, surveillance system, etc. into design.
5. To Increase The Use Of City Transport System By Integrating it With State Transport
System Which Will Result In Decreased Number Of Private Vehicle Users With
Consequential Reduction In Traffic On City Roads.
6. To Efficiently Use The Land Available For The Project By Segregating Different Services
At Different Locations.
7. To Make User Friendly Design By Using Sign Boards At The Right Locations For The
Convenience Of The Passengers.
8. Separate paths for pedestrians and vehicles which will helps in reducing accidents
9. To make pedestrian friendly environment.

PROPER ROAD CROSSINGS USE OF FOOT OVER BRIDGE PROPER SIGN BOARDS

6 MET FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE,MORADABAD,UTTAR PRADESH

ABDUL KALAM AZAD TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, LUCKNOW, UP
PRERNA SINGH (1463181029)
 INTER STATE BUS TERMINAL

7. SCOPE OF STUDY & DESIGN

1. Inter Connectivity Between Various Modes Of Transport (Metro, Airport, Etc.)

2. Framing requirements for a max. Nos. of passenger per day in both directions.
3. Studying the various technological advancement in the field of surveillance system,
communication system, fire fighting system, etc.
4. Bus Terminal
5. Bus Parking Bays
6. Circulation Pattern – Pattern Flow Of Passengers And Buses
7. Commercial Space
8. Idle Parking Of Buses, Cars, Auto & Taxis
9. Administrative Offices
10. A Local Shopping Centre
11. Ticket Counters
12. Waiting Area
13. Entry & Exit For Private Car & Pre-Paid Autos
14. Entry & Exit For Local Buses
15. Entry & Exit For Interstate Buses
16. Entry & Exit For Terminal Area & Commercial
17. Pedestrian

7 MET FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE,MORADABAD,UTTAR PRADESH

ABDUL KALAM AZAD TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, LUCKNOW, UP
PRERNA SINGH (1463181029)
 INTER STATE BUS TERMINAL

15. METHODOLOGY

LITERATURE REVIEW AND BACKGROUND STUDY

OBJECTIVE FORMULATION

DATA COLLECTION

CONTEXT STUDY

LITERATURE STUDY LIVE CASE STUDY

ANALYSIS

CONCLUSION

GUIDELINES FORMATION

8 MET FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE,MORADABAD,UTTAR PRADESH

ABDUL KALAM AZAD TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, LUCKNOW, UP
PRERNA SINGH (1463181029)
 INTER STATE BUS TERMINAL

8. SPACE REQUIREMENTS
SPACE REQUIREMENTS ARE:-
8.1. PUBLIC SEATING
Seating in any of the terminal types may be provided in the form of a separate waiting room
or, in a more open plan, in the form of a simple seating area within a larger public space. This
function should be provided with drinking fountains, trash baskets, ash urns, and clocks.
The amount of public seating varies depending on individual circumstances, terminal type,
and economic priorities. As a general rule of thumb, however, an allowance of one seat for
every three passengers would be adequate for an intercity terminal.

8.2. BAGGAGE ROOM

Baggage room requirements vary significantly with terminal type and operation. In the
intercity terminal the baggage handling problems more severe.
In the intercity bus terminal the baggage is normally hand-carried directly onto the bus or to
the baggage room, and from there it is placed on the bus. The baggage room should
have an area equal to about 10 percent of the total building or contain about50
sq. Ft for each bus loading berth, whichever is higher. The baggage room should also
be equipped with standard metal racks about four or five tiers high for baggage storage

8.3. TICKETING FACILITIES

The trend in ticketing facilities in the modern terminal, regardless of the type, is toward open
counters in contrast to the antiquated caged windows. In the larger intercity terminal,
where more than one carrier may operate, separate self-contained glass walled ticket
offices may be provided, each housing their individual open ticket counters. The number of
selling positions or agent stations varies with the individual operations policy of the
carrier and the particular terminal type.
Perhaps the greatest number of selling positions are required in the intercity terminal. On the
average, one position should be provided for each 25 to 30 waiting room seats. The

9 MET FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE,MORADABAD,UTTAR PRADESH

ABDUL KALAM AZAD TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, LUCKNOW, UP
PRERNA SINGH (1463181029)
 INTER STATE BUS TERMINAL

lineal feet of counter space depends on individual carrier operation and the type
of ticketing equipment used and may vary between 3 to 5ft per position and/or about 50 to 60
sq.ft per position. The height of the counter is usually42 in.

8.4. CORRIDOR DESIGN

Minimum corridor widths are based on the pedestrian traffic flow volume
less appropriate allowances for disruptive traffic elements such as columns, newsstands,
stairways, window shoppers, etc. Where the corridor is also used as a waiting
area to accommodate standing pedestrians, the maximum potential accumulation and safe
human occupancy of the corridor should be determined. The maximum practical flow
through a corridor is approximately 25 persons per foot width of corridor per minute (pfm).
The flow volume that allows for the selection of normal walking speed and avoidance of
traffic conflicts is equivalent to 7 pfm (or less). This standard would be
used in passenger terminals that do not have severe peaking patterns or space
restrictions. Where severe repetitive peaks and space restraints occur, such as in a
commuter terminal, the more stringent standard of 10 to 15 pfm may be used. This
standard allows the attainment of near-normal walking speed but does result in more
frequent traffic conflicts with other pedestrians.
\
8.5. ENTRANCES
The criteria utilized for corridor design can be roughly applied to the design of doors.
The maximum capacity of a free-swinging door is approximately 60 persons per
minute, but this capacity is obtained with frequent traffic disruptions and queuing at the
entrance section. A standard of 40 persons per minute would-be representative of
a busy situation with occasional traffic disruptions. Where free-flowing traffic is desired
a standard of 20 persons per minute should be adopted.

10 MET FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE,MORADABAD,UTTAR PRADESH

ABDUL KALAM AZAD TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, LUCKNOW, UP
PRERNA SINGH (1463181029)
 INTER STATE BUS TERMINAL

8.6. TOILET

11 MET FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE,MORADABAD,UTTAR PRADESH

ABDUL KALAM AZAD TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, LUCKNOW, UP
PRERNA SINGH (1463181029)
 INTER STATE BUS TERMINAL

12 MET FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE,MORADABAD,UTTAR PRADESH

ABDUL KALAM AZAD TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, LUCKNOW, UP
PRERNA SINGH (1463181029)
 INTER STATE BUS TERMINAL

8.7. PARKING LOT LAYOUT CONSIDERATIONS

The objective of the layout design is to maximize the number of stalls, while following the
guidelines below.
The layout of the parking facility must be flexible enough to adapt to future changes in
vehicle dimensions.
The stall and aisle dimensions must be compatible with the type of operation planned for the
facility.

The critical dimensions are the width

and length of stalls, the width of
aisles, the angle of parking, and
the radius of turns. All of
these dimensions are related to
the vehicle dimensions and
performance characteristics. In
recent years there have been a
number of changes in vehicle
dimensions. The popularity of
minivans and sport utility vehicles
has had an impact on the design of
parking facilities. For the near future,
a wide mix of vehicle sizes should
be anticipated. Dimension elements
of possible parking layout

8.8. PLATFORM TYPES

8.8.1. PARALLEL LOADING
1. Requires Excessive Amount Of Space.
2. Buses Must Usually Wait Until First Bus Exits.
3. Large Terminal Requires Pedestrian Under/Overpass Facilities To Protect Passengers
While Crossing Lanes.
8.8.2. RIGHT-ANGLE LOADING
1. Out swinging Bus Door Which Forms a Barrier around Which Passenger Must Pass.
2. Bus Maneuvering Difficult.

13 MET FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE,MORADABAD,UTTAR PRADESH

ABDUL KALAM AZAD TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, LUCKNOW, UP
PRERNA SINGH (1463181029)
 INTER STATE BUS TERMINAL

8.8.3. STRAIGHT SAW TOOTH LOADING

1. Efficient-Employed Where Lot Is Comparatively Narrow and Deep.
2. Passenger Has Direct Approach To Loading Door.
3. Baggage Truck Can Operate Between Buses For Side Loading.
8.23.4. RADIAL SAW TOOTH LOADING
1. Most efficient buses swing..
2. Space required at front is minimum-wide space at rear making maneuvering easy.

9. GUIDELINES
A review of the current situation suggests that the lack of capacity and resource material
(such as guidelines and tools specific to Indian context) may be one of the reasons for
unsatisfactory bus terminal infrastructure in Indian cities. A detailed planning and design
guideline for bus terminals can not only propel capacity building, but further drive the
development of more responsive passenger-specific bus infrastructure. The need to bridge the
resource gap is the main motive behind this guideline.
The following points further explain the objectives of the guideline, and its intended role
towards improving the quality of public bus terminal infrastructure in Indian cities:
1. Ensuring synchronized and functional interaction between passengers, buses/operators as
well as feeder modes such as intermediate public transport (IPT)
2. Providing efficient access and egress to and from the terminal, for both passengers and
buses
3. Ensuring planned and streamlined traffic circulation, and provision of amenities for
passengers, rest areas, and other facilities for bus drivers, as well as workshop and workshop
space for operators.

14 MET FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE,MORADABAD,UTTAR PRADESH

ABDUL KALAM AZAD TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, LUCKNOW, UP
PRERNA SINGH (1463181029)