Experiment 3:

HOOKE’S LAW

ARIAS, RONALD R., BILOG, BRIX B., DUCADO, PAMELA A., GICAIN, DAVID
FRANZ., MALAPITAN, STEFFANIE ANNE C., MATEO, MARY ROSE C., PACIS,
PATRICK JAMES D., RODIANO, KENT IRISH V., SIMBAJON, VENN MORE C.

School of Engineering
Manuel L. Quezon University
Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines

Abstract

This experiment investigated the elastic behavior of solids by stating that

relationship between applied force and the the small displacements of their
resulting displacement in a spring constituent molecules, atoms, or ions from
regarding the elasticity of the springs and their usual locations are proportional to the
how adding extra weight would affect the force that generates the displacement.
restoration force. in accordance with Hooke's Law is a principle of physics that
Hooke's Law. The experiment utilized a states that the force needed to extend or
spring, set of masses, and ruler. By compress a spring by some distance is
hanging known masses on the spring and proportional to that distance. Moreover,
measuring the corresponding extension, Hooke's law serves as a compelling
this aimed to verify Hooke's Law, which demonstration of the concept of elasticity,
states that the applied force (F) is directly which refers to a material or object's
proportional to the displacement (x) of the ability to regain its initial shape after being
spring, expressed as F = kx, where k is the deformed. This ability to revert to its
spring constant. During this experiment original or natural state can be described as
specifically, it measured the displacements a "restoring force." Hooke's law offers a
of several springs, each with varying concise explanation of this restoring force,
spring constants, and added different asserting that it is directly proportional to
increments of weights in order to see the the degree of deformation experienced,
effect on the elasticity. Therefore, this commonly referred to as "stretch."
determines whether our experiment results,
such as the collected measurements, were At higher levels of applied force,
in obedience of Hooke’s law. The the deformation of elastic materials often
collected data was analyzed to determine exceeds what Hooke's law predicts, yet the
the spring constant and assess its validity material retains its elastic nature, bouncing
in supporting Hooke's Law. back to its original form once the force is
removed. Hooke's law strictly applies
Introduction within a specific range where force and
displacement are directly proportional,
Hooke's law, a law of elasticity elucidating the elastic behavior of
discovered by the English scientist Robert materials. The equation F = −kx is
Hooke in 1660, and states that for small commonly employed to represent Hooke's
deformations of an object, the law, where F now denotes the equal and
displacement or amount of the deformation oppositely directed restoring force
is directly proportional to the deforming responsible for returning elastic materials
force or load. Under these conditions, to their initial dimensions, rather than the
when the load is removed, the object applied force. Another formulation of
returns to its original shape and Hooke's law involves stress and strain.
dimensions. Hooke's law explains the Stress refers to the force exerted by an
external force on unit areas within a Different forces were applied to the spring
material, leading to relative deformation using a set of weights. In mathematical
known as strain. Under relatively low terms, Hooke's Law is written as F=k⋅x,
stresses, stress and strain exhibit a where x is the displacement from
proportional relationship. equilibrium, k is the spring constant, and F
is the applied force. Each instrument has
In this laboratory report, the experimenter an initial scale reading that represents the
verified Hooke’s Law of elasticity as spring's equilibrium position when no
applied to spring. They also determine the weights are applied. The device was filled
extension of a spring varies with the with weights in a systematic way, and each
stretching force. An object that can be weight's corresponding scale reading was
stretched by a force and then return to its recorded. For each weight, the spring's
original form when the force is released is extension was determined using the
called a spring. Whereas there are many formula x = scale reading − initial scale
other types of springs, the most common reading. To see the relation predicted by
type is probably the basic metal coil Hooke's Law, a graph of force applied
spring. Springs are a necessary component (derived from the weights) against the
of nearly any mechanical device that is extension was displayed. Weights are
appropriately elegant, including race car gradually added to the device, beginning at
engines and ballpoint pens. the spring's equilibrium point, to produce
proportionate displacements. At the same
Through experimentation and time, scale measurements are taken with
observation, our objectives are to validate precision in order to measure the
the relevance of Hooke's Law to springs extensions associated with each force
and determine how a spring's extension that's provided.
changes in response to an applied
stretching force. Hooke's Law's property of Methodology
springs returning to their original shape
after being stretched is adequately In this experiment, the initial scale reading
illustrated in this. However, there are is taken when no weights are applied to the
many kinds of springs, the coil spring is spring, and weights of 50g, 100g, 150g,
one of the most widely used and can be 200g, and 250g are added successively.
found in everything from ballpoint pens to The scale readings for each weight are
automobile engines. Moreover, a long, recorded as 6.5cm, 8.3cm, 10cm, 11cm,
straight metal wire may demonstrate and 13.5cm, respectively. The extension of
spring-like properties by reverting to its the spring can be calculated by subtracting
initial shape when stretched or twisted. By the initial scale reading from each
delving into these fundamental properties subsequent scale reading. The calculations
of Hooke's Law, we deepen our for the weights of 50g, 100g, 150g, 200g,
comprehension of the intricate interplay and 250g are calculated as follows:
between material properties and
interactions within the realm of physics. Extension for 50g = Final Scale Reading -
Initial Scale Reading = 1.5cm
Theory
Extension for 100g = Final Scale Reading
The experiment was conducted using a - Initial Scale Reading = 8.3cm - 5cm =
Hooke’s Law apparatus consisting of a 3.3cm
spring attached to a rigid support and a
pointer indicating the displacement on a Extension for 150g = Final Scale Reading
calibrated scale. A set of weights was used - Initial Scale Reading = 10cm -5cm =5cm
to apply varying forces to the spring.
Extension for 200g = Final Scale Reading- Table 1. Putting weights
Initial Scale Reading=11 cm-5 cm=6 cm Initial scale reading 5cm

Extension for 250g = Final Scale Reading- Force

Initial Scale Reading=13.5 cm-5 cm=8.5 Tria Weights Scale Extensio Constant
cm l (dynes) Reading n (cm) (K)
(cm) (dynes/cm)
The experiment provides empirical
evidence supporting Hooke's Law within 50g 6.5cm 1.5cm 7,538.46cm
certain limits by following Hooke's Law 1
with different weights applied to a spring 100g 8.3cm 3.3cm 11,807.22cm
and measuring their corresponding 2
extensions at various scale readings.
150g 10cm 5cm 14,700cm
Results and Discussions 3

The experiment aimed to validate 200g 11cm 6cm 17,818.18cm

Hooke's Law by investigating the 4
relationship between the force applied to a
spring and the resulting extension. By 250g 13.5cm 8.5cm 18,148.14m
incrementally adding weights to the spring 5
and measuring the corresponding
extensions, we sought to confirm whether Average 70,012 K
the extension is directly proportional to the
applied force within the spring's elastic
limit. The data collected from five trials Conclusion
consistently supported Hooke's Law,
demonstrating that as the force applied to This experiment investigates
the spring increased, so did its extension. Hooke's Law and how adding mass to
This relationship appeared linear across spring affects its extension. According to
the range of forces tested, indicating the the results of the experiment showed that
spring's elastic behavior. The calculated there is a linear relationship between the
force constant, representing the spring's force exerted on the spring and the amount
stiffness, averaged at approximately of stretch or compression in the spring.
70,012 dynes/cm across all trials. These This means that if you double the force
findings align with the principles of exerted on the spring, you will double the
Hooke's Law and have practical amount of stretch or compression in the
implications for engineering and physics spring. In addition, this experiment shows
applications where understanding the how to calculate force and displacement
behavior of elastic materials is essential for a spring in equilibrium by using
for designing and analyzing mechanical Hooke's Law, as well as its applications in
systems. various fields. In addition, our experiment
showed that when we added weight to a
spring, it stretched more. This matches
what Hooke's Law says, which is that the
more force you apply to a spring, the more
it stretches. They found that this
relationship was consistent and linear
within the elastic limit of the spring. The
average stiffness of the spring, called the
force constant, was about 70,012
dynes/cm. These results are important What is Hooke’s Law? (article) |
because they confirm a fundamental
principle of physics, and they help us Khan Academy. (n.d.). Khan Academy.
understand how springs and other elastic
materials behave, which is useful for https://www.khanacademy.org/science/phy
designing things like springs in cars or
measuring instruments. sics/work-and-energy/hookes-law/a/what-

Applications is-hookes-law

Hooke's law describes the

relationship between the force applied to
an elastic object. Has diverse application
in daily life one prime example is spring
which can be used in mattress, a car
suspension a retractable pen, springs
depends on Hooke's Law to determine how
much compression or stretch is applied to
an object. Another example is shock
absorbers found in vehicles which utilizes
the principles of Hooke's law to lower the
vibrations and cushion against impacts.
Last common example is the application of
Hooke's law in mechanical stress analysis,
engineers use the principle of Hooke's law
when designing and building bridges,
structures and machines.

Reference

The Editors of Encyclopaedia

Britannica. (2024b, April 9). Hooke’s law |

Description & Equation. Encyclopedia

Britannica.

https://www.britannica.com/science/Hook

es-law

Williams, M. (2015, February 16).

What is Hooke’s Law?

https://phys.org/news/2015-02-law.html.

https://phys.org/news/2015-02-law.html