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Process of Communication

The document discusses the elements and process of communication, including the idea, sender, encoding, message, channel/medium, receiver, decoding, and feedback. It defines each component and provides examples to illustrate how communication works as a process between a sender and receiver.

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ahmadibrar372
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47 views5 pages

Process of Communication

The document discusses the elements and process of communication, including the idea, sender, encoding, message, channel/medium, receiver, decoding, and feedback. It defines each component and provides examples to illustrate how communication works as a process between a sender and receiver.

Uploaded by

ahmadibrar372
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Elements of Communication / Process of Communication

Communication is the exchange and flow of information and ideas from one person to another. It
involves a sender transmitting an idea, information, or feeling to a receiver. Effective communication
occurs only if the receiver understands the exact information or idea that the sender intended to
transmit.
Communication consists of the following eight components which are inter-related.
1. Idea 6. Receiver/ Decoder
2. Sender 7. Decoding
3. Encoding 8. Feedback
4. Message
5. Channel & Medium

1. Idea

Every message, whether oral or written, has its origin in an idea that germinates in the mind of the
sender of the message. Every idea refers to some context. Thus the idea or information that the sender
wants to convey to the receiver is the source of the message in the communication process.

2. Sender/ Encoder

The person who initiates the communication process is referred to as the encoder. The process of
communication begins with the sender who identifies the need to communicate. The sender must
have a clear picture in his mind about what he wants to communicate and should accordingly select
symbols, words, images, etc. The sender must identify his audience and formulate the message in
such a way that the receiver understands fully what he intends to convey and interprets it within the
same context.

3. Encoding

Encoding means converting mental ideas or thoughts into physical things.

Encoding takes place when the sender formulates his idea into a message to be transmitted to the
receiver, using a series of symbols- verbal/ or non-verbal, written or oral. The sender should encode
the message keeping in mind the purpose of communication and should select words or symbols that
help the receiver understand the communication correctly and to achieve the expected feedback.
Encoding is a process of creating a message for transmission by an addresser to an addressee. A way
that an individual puts his thought together with the way he is going to communicate. Eg: using
speech by thinking of another language and the way he is going to put it in a sentence and also if he
is going to use sign language. The sender as well as the receiver should attach the same meaning to
the symbols or words, otherwise communication will fail. Thus, proper encoding is essential for
successful communication.

4-Message

A message is an idea transformed into words. It can be expressed in different ways depending
upon the subject-matter, purpose, audience personal style and cultural background of the sender.
5-Channel and Medium

An appropriate medium chosen to send the message is known as channel. It is the vehicle which
facilitates the sender to convey the message to the receiver. Channel is a system used to transmit a
message, whereas medium is one of the forms/ types used under that system. For example, oral
communication is a channel and telephone conversation is a medium. There are three broad channels
of communication and there are several media under each. These are listed below:

Channel Medium

Oral face- to-face conversations, telephone conversations, audio


tapes

Voice mails, gestures, etc.

Written letters, memos, reports, manuals, notices, circulars,


questionnaires, minutes, emails, faxes, etc.

Audio-visual cinema, television, video-tapes, video conferences, video chat,


etc.
Thus, there is a difference between a channel and a medium. The sender should choose the best
possible channel and medium to transmit his message.

6. Receiver/ Decoder
The person who receives the encoded message is referred to as receiver. The receiver may be an
individual or a group of individuals. As communication is a two-way process, the receiver is as
important as the sender of the message. A receiver may be a listener or a reader or a viewer of the
message. He not only receives the message but also tries to understand, interpret and perceive the
total meaning of the message.

7. Decoding

Decoding means converting physical ideas into mental thoughts.


It is a process by which the receiver interprets the message and translates it into meaningful
information. The meaning of the message is the sum total of the meanings of the words
(symbols) together with the tone and the attitude of the sender as reflected by his choice of
words and the structure of the message.

8-Feedback
Feedback is the response given by the receiver of the message to the sender of the message.
When the encoder receives feedback, he gets to know that communication has been
accomplished. Feedback can be immediate, later, can be positive or negative. It can be verbal
or non verbal. In communication feedback plays an important role. It ensures that the receiver
has received the message and understood it just as it was intended by the sender. Without
feedback communication process is incomplete.

Feedback also enables us to evaluate the effectiveness of our message. It makes


communication meaningful. It is the end-result of an idea and makes communication a
continuous process. If our audience doesn’t understand what we mean, we can tell by the
response and then refine the message accordingly. Giving our audience a chance to provide
feedback is crucial for maintaining an open communication climate. The speaker must create
an environment that encourages feedback. For example, after explaining the job to the
subordinated he must ask them whether they have understood it or not. He should ask
questions like “Do you understand?”, “Do you have any doubts?” etc. At the same time he
must allow his subordinated to express their views also.

In general, we can quantify the following importance of feedback in communication, either


in a formal or informal setting.
1. It completes the whole process of communication and makes it continuous.
2. It sustains communication process.
3. It makes one know if one is really communicating or making sense.
4. It is a basis for measuring the effectiveness of communication.
5. It is a good basis for planning on what next to be done especially statistical report.
6. Communication will be useless without feedback.
7. Feedback paves way for new idea generation.

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