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Assessment

Chapter Test A
Teacher Notes and Answers
Fluid Mechanics
CHAPTER TEST A (GENERAL)
1. a 14. a
2. b 15. b
3. b 16. c
4. c 17. Fluids do not have a definite shape. Solid
5. c objects cannot flow, and consequently have
Given a definite shape.
l = 10.0 cm 18. The gas expands and changes shape to fill

b = 0.780 g/cm3 the container.

w = 1.00 g/cm3 19. The buoyant force on the object pushes
g = 9.81 m/s 2 upward on the object so that the net force is
Solution less than the weight of the object. The object
For a floating object, thus appears to weigh less within the fluid.
FB = Fg = mg = Vg = l3 g 20. The net force, or the apparent weight acting
on the object, determines whether an object
FB = (0.780 g/cm3 )(10.0 cm)3
sinks or floats.
 1 kg  21. According to Pascal’s principle, the pressure
(9.81 m/s2 )
  = 7.65 N
 1000 g  within a fluid is uniform throughout.
6. a Therefore, if the pressure on a fluid is
7. d known, the pressure throughout the fluid is
8. c equal to that known pressure.
9. d 22. The pressure in the fluid will decrease.
Given 23. By tapering the hose nozzle, the area of the
w = 1.5 m
hose decreases, causing an increase in the
l = 2.5 m speed of the water. This causes the pressure
Fg = 1055 N within the water to decrease within the
Solution nozzle, and thus increases the pressure
F (1055 N) difference between the water in the hose and
P= = = 280 Pa the nozzle. This increased pressure
A (1.5 m)(2.5 m)
10. a difference pushes the water farther so that it
11. c can reach high places that are burning.
12. b
13. d

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24. 7.2  10
2 N 25. 530 kg
Given Given
A1 = 0.15 m2

i = 0.917 g/cm 3 A2 = 6.0 m2
l = 2.0 cm F1 = 130 N
g = 9.81 m/s2
g = 9.81 m/s 2
Solution
Solution P1 = P2
The ice floats, so F1 F2
=
FB = Fg =  iVg =  i l 3 g A1 A2

FB = (0.917 g/cm 3 )(2.0 cm) 3 F2 F1 A2

m2 = = =
g A1 g
 1 kg 
(9.81 m/s 2 )   = 7.2  10
2 N (130 N)(6.0 m2 )
 1000 g  = 530 kg
(0.15 m2 )(9.81 m/s2 )

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Assessment

Fluid Mechanics
Chapter Test A
MULTIPLE CHOICE
In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best completes
each statement or best answers each question.

_____ 1. Which of the following is a fluid?

a. helium c. iron
b. ice d. gold
_____ 2. Which of the following statements is not correct?
a. A fluid flows.
b. A fluid has a definite shape.
c. Molecules of a fluid are free to move past each other.
d. A fluid changes its shape easily.
_____ 3. How does a liquid differ from a gas?
a. A liquid has both definite shape and definite volume, whereas a gas
has neither.
b. A liquid has definite volume, unlike a gas.
c. A liquid has definite shape, unlike a gas.
d. A liquid has definite shape, whereas a gas has definite volume.
_____ 4. For incompressible fluids, density changes little with changes in
a. depth. c. pressure.
b. temperature. d. free-fall acceleration.
_____ 5. A cube of wood with a density of 0.780 g/cm3 is 10.0 cm on each side.
When the cube is placed in water, what buoyant force acts on the
wood? (
w = 1.00 g/cm3)
a. 7.65
103 N c. 6.40 N
b. 7.65 N d. 5.00 N
_____ 6. A buoyant force acts in the opposite direction of gravity. Therefore,
which of the following is true of an object completely submerged in
water?
a. The net force on the object is smaller than the weight of the object.
b. The net force on the object is larger than the weight of the object.
c. The net force on the object is equal to the weight of the object.
d. The object appears to weigh more than it does in air.

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Chapter Test A continued

_____ 7. Which of the following statements about floating objects is correct?

a. The object’s density is greater than the density of the fluid on which
it floats.
b. The object’s density is equal to the density of the fluid on which it
floats.
c. The displaced volume of fluid is greater than the volume of the
object.
d. The buoyant force equals the object’s weight.
_____ 8. Which of the following statements is true according to Pascal’s
principle?
a. Pressure in a fluid is greatest at the walls of the container holding the
fluid.
b. Pressure in a fluid is greatest at the center of the fluid.
c. Pressure in a fluid is the same throughout the fluid.
d. Pressure in a fluid is greatest at the top of the fluid.
_____ 9. A water bed that is 1.5 m wide and 2.5 m long weighs 1055 N.
Assuming the entire lower surface of the bed is in contact with the
floor, what is the pressure the bed exerts on the floor?
a. 250 Pa c. 270 Pa
b. 260 Pa d. 280 Pa
_____ 10. What factors affect the gauge pressure within a fluid?
a. fluid density, depth, free-fall acceleration
b. fluid volume, depth, free-fall acceleration
c. fluid mass, depth, free-fall acceleration
d. fluid weight, depth, free-fall acceleration
_____ 11. If the air pressure in a tire is measured as 2.0
105 Pa, and atmospheric
pressure equals 1.0
105 Pa, what pressure does the air within the tire
exert outward on the tire walls?
a. 1.0
105 Pa c. 3.0
105 Pa
b. 2.0
105 Pa d. 4.0
105 Pa

_____ 12. Which of the following properties is not characteristic of an ideal fluid?
a. laminar flow c. nonviscous
b. turbulent flow d. incompressible
_____ 13. Which of the following is not an example of laminar flow?
a. a river moving slowly in a straight line
b. smoke rising upward in a smooth column through air
c. water flowing evenly from a slightly opened faucet
d. smoke twisting as it moves upward from a fire

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Chapter Test A continued

_____ 14. Which of the following is not an example of turbulent flow?

a. a river flowing slowly in a straight line
b. a river flowing swiftly around rocks in rapids
c. water flowing unevenly from a fully opened faucet
d. smoke twisting as it moves upward from a fire
_____ 15. Why does an ideal fluid move faster through a pipe with decreasing
diameter?
a. The pressure within the fluid increases.
b. The pressure within the fluid decreases.
c. The pipe exerts more pressure on the fluid.
d. The fluid moves downhill.
_____ 16. Why does the lift on an airplane wing increase as the speed of the
airplane increases?
a. The pressure behind the wing becomes less than the pressure in front
of the wing.
b. The pressure behind the wing becomes greater than the pressure in
front of the wing.
c. The pressure above the wing becomes less than the pressure below
the wing.
d. The pressure above the wing becomes greater than the pressure
below the wing.

SHORT ANSWER
17. Why are solid objects not considered to be fluids?
_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________
18. How does a gas change shape when it is poured from a small flask into a large
flask?
_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________
19. Why is the net force on a submerged object called its apparent weight?
_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

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Chapter Test A continued

20. What determines whether an object will sink or float?

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________
21. Describe how Pascal’s principle allows the pressure throughout a fluid to be
known.
_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________
22. What does Bernoulli’s principle state will happen to the pressure in a fluid as
the speed of the fluid increases?
_________________________________________________________________
23. Use Bernoulli’s principle to explain why a nozzle on a fire hose is tapered.
_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

PROBLEM
24. An ice cube is placed in a glass of water. The cube is 2.0 cm on each side and
has a density of 0.917 g/cm3. What is the magnitude of the buoyant force on
the ice?

25. A hydraulic lift consists of two pistons that connect to each other by an
incompressible fluid. If one piston has an area of 0.15 m2 and the other an area
of 6.0 m2, how large a mass can be raised by a force of 130 N exerted on the
smaller piston?

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