Chapter 7 - Coordinate Geometry NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

EXERCISE 7.1
Choose the correct answer from the given four options:
Q1. The distance of the point P(2, 3) from
x-axis is
(a) 2 (b) 3
(c) 1 (d) 5
Sol. (b): The perpendicular distance of P(2, 3)
from x-axis is equal to the y coordinate so, it
is 3 units. verifies ans. (b).
Q2. The distance between the points A(0, 6) and B(0, – 2) is
(a) 6 (b) 8 (c) 4 (d) 2
Sol. (b): AB = ( x2  x1 )2  ( y2  y1 )2

= (0  0)2  (  2  6)2 0  (  8)2 64

 AB = 8 units
Hence, verifies Ans (b).
Q3. The distance of the point P(– 6, 8) from the origin is
(a) 8 (b) 2 7 (c) 10 (d) 6
Sol. (c): Coordinates of origin are O(0, 0) and P(– 6, 8)
2 2
 (OP)2 = ( x2  x1 )  ( y2  y1 )
= (– 6 – 0)2 + (8 – 0)2 = 36 + 64
OP = 100
 OP = 10 units. verifies ans. (c).
Q4. The distance between the points (0, 5) and (–5, 0) is
(a) 5 (b) 5 2 (c) 2 5 (d) 10
Sol. (b): Let A(0, 5) and B(–5, 0) are the two points.
Then, AB2 = (x2 – x1)2 + (y2 – y1)2

­= (– 5 – 0)2 + (0 – 5)2 = 25 + 25
2
 AB = 50
 AB = 5 2 units. verifies ans. (b).
Q5. AOBC is a rectangle whose three vertices are A(0, 3), O(0, 0), and
B(5, 0). The length of its diagonal is
(a) 5 (b) 3 (c) 34 (d) 4

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 Chapter 7 - Coordinate Geometry NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

Sol. (c): A (0, 3) and B(5, 0)

The length of diagonal = AB
AB2 = (x2 – x1)2 + (y2 – y1)2
= (5 – 0)2 + (0 – 3)2

= 25 + 9
 AB = 34 verifies Ans. (c).
Q6. The perimeter of a triangle with vertices (0, 4), (0, 0), and (3, 0) is
(a) 5 (b) 12 (c) 11 (d) 7  5
Sol. (b): Perimeter of DABC = AB + BC + AC
Let A(0, 4), B(0, 0), C(3, 0) be the three vertices of DABC.
2 2
AB2 = ( x2  x1 )  ( y2  y1 )
= (0 – 0)2 + (0 – 4)2 = 0 + 16
 AB = 16  4 cm
AC2 = (3 – 0)2 + (0 – 4)2 = 9 + 16
 AC2 = 25
 AC = 5 cm
BC2 = (3 – 0)2 + (0 – 0)2 = 9 + 0
 BC2 = 9
 BC = 3 cm
 Perimeter = 4 cm + 5 cm + 3 cm = 12 cm
Hence, verifies Ans. (b).
Q7. The area of triangle with vertices A(3, 0), B(7, 0), and C(8, 4) is
(a) 14 (b) 28 (c) 8 (d) 6
Sol. (c): Area (A) of DABC whose vertices are A(3, 0), B(7, 0) and
C(8, 4) is given by
1
Area of DABC = [ x1 ( y2  y3 )  x2 ( y3  y1 )  x3 ( y1  y2 )]
2
1
 [3(0  4)  7(4  0)  8(0  0)]
2
1 1
 [  12  28  0]  [16]  8 sq.units
2 2
Hence, verifies the Ans. (c).
Q8. The points (– 4, 0), (4, 0) and (0, 3) are the vertices of a
(a) right triangle (b) isosceles triangle
(c) equilateral triangle (d) scalene triangle
Sol. (b): Let the vertices of DABC are A(– 4, 0), B(4, 0) and C(0, 3).
AB2 = ( x2  x1 )2  ( y2  y1 )2
 AB2 = [4 – (–4)]2 + (0 – 0)2 = 64 + 0 = 64
 AB = 8 cm
AC2 = [0 – (– 4)]2 + (3 – 0)2 = 16 + 9 = 25

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 Chapter 7 - Coordinate Geometry NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

 AC2 = 25
 AC = 5 cm
BC2 = (0 – 4)2 + (3 – 0)2 = 16 + 9 = 25
 BC2 = 25
 BC = 5 cm
∴ AC = BC = 5 cm and AB = 8 cm
Hence, the triangle is an isosceles triangle. So, verifies ans. (b).
Q9. The point which divides the line segment joining the points
(7, – 6) and (3, 4) in ratio 1 : 2 internally lies in the
(a) Ist quadrant (b) IInd quadrant
(c) IIIrd quadrant (d) IVth quadrant
Sol. (d):

m1 x2  m2 x1 m1 y2  m2 y1
x y
m1  m2 m1  m2
1(3)  2(7) 3  14 1(4)  2(  6) 4  12
x   y 
12 3 12 3
17 8
 x y
3 3
 17  8 
P , verifies the Ans. (d).
 3 3 
Q10. The point which lies on the perpendicular bisector of the line
segment joining the points A(– 2, – 5) and B(2, 5) is
(a) (0, 0) (b) (0, 2) (c) (2, 0) (d) (– 2, 0)
Sol. (a): The perpendicular bisector of AB will pass through the
mid- point of AB. Mid-point of A(x1, y1) and B(x2, y2) is given by
 x1  x2 y1  y2  .
 , 
2 2 
  2  2  5  5
  ,  (0, 0)

2 2 
So, the perpendicular bisector passes through (0, 0).
Q11. The fourth vertex D of a parallelogram ABCD whose three
vertices are A(– 2, 3), B(6, 7), and C(8, 3) is
(a) (0, 1) (b) (0, –1) (c) (– 1, 0) (d) (1, 0)
Sol. (b): We know that the diagonals AC and BD of parallelogram
ABCD bisect each other.

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 Chapter 7 - Coordinate Geometry NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

D C (8, 3)
(x4, y4) (x3, y3)
O

A B
(x1, y1) (x2, y2)
(–2, 3) (6, 7)
OR
 The mid point   Mid point of 
 of diagonal AC  = diagonal BD 
   
  2  8 3  3  x4  6 y 4  7 
  ,  =  , 
2 2  2 2 
 6 6  x4  6 y 4  7 
 , =  , 
 2 2 2 2 
 x4  6 y 4  7 
 (3, 3) =  , 
2 2 
Comparing both sides, we have
x4  6 y4  7
3 and 3
2 2
 x 6 6  y4  7  6
4
 x4  0  y4  6  7  1
 The fourth vertex of parallelogram is (0, – 1) verifies ans. (b).
Q12. If the point P(2, 1) lies on the line segment joining points
A(4, 2) and B(8, 4 ), then
1 1 1
(a) AP = AB (b) AP = PB (c) PB = AB (d) AP = AB
3 3 2
Sol. (d):

m1 x2  m2 x1 m1 y2  m2 y1
 x y
m1  m2 m1  m2
k(8)  1(4) k(4)  1(2)
 2 1
k 1 k+1
 8k  4  2k  2 4k  2  k  1
 6k  2 3k   1
1 1
 k k
3 3

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 Chapter 7 - Coordinate Geometry NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

Verification:

AP 1
 =
PB 3
 AP = –1 i.e., 1 part outside AB
and PB =3
 AP = 1x unit
and AB = 3x – 1x = 2x units
1
So, AP = AB
2
1
 1 =  2  1 = 1, which is true
2
Hence, verifies the ans. (d).
Q13. If P  , 4 is the mid point of the line segment joining the points
 
Q(– 6, 5) and R (– 2, 3), then the value of ‘a’ is
(a) – 4 (b) – 12 (c) 12 (d) – 6
Sol. (b): P(x, y) is mid-point of QR then
 a   x1  x2 y1  y2 
 , 4   , 
3 2 2 
 a    6  2 5  3
  , 4   , 
3 2 2 
a 8
 
3 2
 a  4  3  12
Verifies the ans. (b).
Q14. The perpendicular bisector of the line segment joining the points
A(1, 5) and B(4, 6) cuts y-axis at
(a) (0, 13) (b) (0, – 13) (c) (0, 12) (d) (13, 0)
Sol. (a): The given points are A(1, 5) and B(4, 6).
The perpendicular bisector of the line segment joining the points
A(1, 5) and B(4, 6) cuts the y-axis at P(0, y).
Now, AP = BP  AP2 = BP2
\ 1 + (y – 5)2 = 16 + (y – 6)2
 1 + y – 10y + 25 = 16 + y2 – 12y + 36
2

 –10y + 26 = – 12y + 52
 12y – 10y = 52 – 26
 2y = 26
 y = 26 ÷ 2 = 13

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 Chapter 7 - Coordinate Geometry NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

So, the required point is (0, 13).

Hence, (a) is the correct answer.
Q15. The coordinates of the point which
is equidistant from the three vertices of
the DAOB as shown in the figure is
(a) (x, y) (b) (y, x)
 x y  y x
(c)  ,  (d)  , 
 2 2  2 2
Sol. (a): In a right triangle, the mid-point
of the hypotenuse is equidistant from
the three vertices of triangle.
Mid-point of A(2x, 0) and B(0, 2y) is
 2 x  10 0  2 y 
=  ,   ( x , y)
2 2 
Hence, (a) is the correct answer.
 13 
Q16. A circle drawn with origin as the centre passes through ,0 .
 2 
The point which does not lie in the interior of the circle is
3    1 5
(a)  , 1 (b)  2, 7  (c)  5,  (d)   6, 
 4   3  2   2
2
Sol. (d): Radius of circle =  13  2 13
 – 0  (0  0)   6.5 units
2 2
3 
(a) Distance of point  , 1 from (0, 0) is
4 
2
 3  9 25 5
=   0  (1  0)2  1   1.25 units
4  16 16 4
 3 
The distance 1.25 < 6.5. So, the point  , 1 lies in the interior
 4 
of the circle.
 7
(b) Distance of point  2,  from (0, 0) is
 3
2
7  49 85 9.2195
= (2  0)2    0  4     3.0731  6.25
3  9 9 3
 7
So, the point  2,  lies in the interior of the circle.
 3
 1
(c) Distance of point  5,   from (0, 0) is
 2
= (5  0)2    1  0
 1
25  
101 10.0498
  5.0249  6.5
 
2 4 4 2

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 Chapter 7 - Coordinate Geometry NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

–1
So, the point c 5, m lies in the interior of the circle.
2
 5
(d) Distance of point   6,  from (0, 0) is
2
2
= 5  25 169 13
2
(  6  0)    0  36     6.5 units
2  4 4 2
 5
So,   6,  lies on the circle. It does not lie in the interior of the
 2
circle.
Hence, (d) is the correct answer.
Q17. A line intersects the y-axis and x-axis at points P and Q respectively.
If (2, – 5) is the mid-point of PQ, then co-ordinates of P and Q are
respectively.
(a) (0, – 5) and (2, 0) (b) (0, 10) and (– 4, 0)
(c) (0, 4) and (– 10, 0) (d) (0, – 10) and (4, 0)
Sol. (d): P lies on y-axis so co-ordinates of P are (0, y).
Similarly, co-ordinates of Q lies on x-axis = Q(x, 0)
Mid-point of PQ is
 x  x2 y1  y2  = M(2, – 5), which is given
M 1 , 
 2 2 
 0  x y  0
 M ,  = M(2, – 5)
 2 2 
 x y
  ,  = (2, – 5)
2 2
Comparing both sides, we get
x y
2 and  5
2 2
 x4 and y   10
Hence, the co-ordinates of P(0, – 10) and Q(4, 0) verifies ans. (d).
Q18. The area of the triangle with vertices (a, b + c) (b, c + a) and (c, a + b) is
(a) (a + b + c)2 (b) 0 (c) a + b + c (d) abc
Sol. (b): If the vertices of DABC are
A(x1, y1) = A(a, b + c)
B(x2, y2) = B(b, c + a)
C(x3, y3) = C(c, a + b)
1
Then, Area of DABC = [ x1 ( y2  y3 )  x2 ( y3  y1 )  x3 ( y1  y2 )]
2
1
 Area of DABC = [a{c  a  ( a  b)}  b{a  b  (b  c )}  c{b  c  (c  a)}]
2
1
= [a(c  b)  b( a  c )  c(b  a)]
2

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 Chapter 7 - Coordinate Geometry NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

1
 Area of DABC = [ac  ab  ab  bc  bc  ac ]
2
Area of DABC = 0 So, verifies the option (b).
Q19. If the distance between the points (4, p) and (1, 0) is 5, then the
value of p is
(a) 4 only (b) ± 4 (c) – 4 only (d) 0
Sol. (b): According to the question, the distance between A(4, p) and
B(1, 0) is 5 units.
 AB = 5 units
 (AB)2 = (5)2
 (4 – 1)2 + (p – 0)2 = 25
 (3)2 + (p)2 = 25
 p2 = 25 – 9
 p2 = 16
 p = ± 4 Hence, verifies the ans. (b).
Q20. If the points A(1, 2), O(0, 0) and C(a, b) are collinear, then
(a) a = b (b) a = 2b (c) 2a = b (d) a = – b
Sol. (c): Points A(x1, y1), B(x2, y2) and C(x3 y3) will be collinear if the
area of DABC is zero so, A(1, 2), B(0, 0), C(a, b) will collinear if area
DABC = 0
1
or [ x1 ( y2  y3 )  x2 ( y3  y1 )  x3 ( y1  y2 )] = 0
2
1
 [1(0  b)  0(b  2)  a(2  0)] = 0
2
1
 (  b  2 a) = 0
2
b
 a = 0
2
 – b + 2a = 0
 2a = b
Hence, verifies the ans. (c).

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 Chapter 7 - Coordinate Geometry NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

EXERCISE 7.2
State whether the following statements are true or false. Justify
your answer.
Q1. DABC with vertices A(– 2, 0), B(2, 0) and C(0, 2) is similar to DDEF
with vertices D(– 4, 0), E(4, 0) and F(0, 4).
AB AC BC
Sol. True: DABC ~ DDEF if = = =k
DE DF EF
In DABC,
AB2 = [2 – (– 2)]2 + [0 – (0)]2 = (4)2 + 0 = (4)2
 AB = 4 units
BC2 = (0 – 2)2 + (2 – 0)2 = 4 + 4 = 8

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 Chapter 7 - Coordinate Geometry NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

 BC = 2 2 units
AC2 = [0 – (– 2) ]2 + (2 – 0)2 = 22 + 22 = 4 + 4 = 8
 AC = 2 2 units
In DDEF,
DE2 = [4 –(– 4)]2 + (0 – 0)2 = (8)2
 DE = 8 units
EF2 = (0 – 4)2 + (4 – 0)2 = 44 + 42 = 16 + 16 = 32
 EF = 4 2 units
DF2 = [0 – (– 4)]2 + (4 – 0)2 = 16 + 16 = 32
 DF = 4 2 units
AB 4 1
Now, = 
DE 8 2
BC 2 2 1
= 
EF 4 2 2
AC 2 2 1
= 
DF 4 2 2
AB AC BC 1
 = = =
DE DF EF 2
Hence, DABC ~ DDEF.
Q2. Point P(– 4, 2) lies on the line segment joining the points A(– 4, 6)
and B(– 4, – 6).
Sol. True: We observe that x-coordiante is same i.e., equal to (– 4) so
line is parallel to y-axis. y-coordinate of P i.e., 2 lies between 6 and – 6
of A and B respectively. Hence, P lies between and on AB.
OR
Point P(– 4, 2) will lie on the line AB if area of DABP is zero.
\ i.e., ar(DABP) = 0
1
 [ x1 ( y2  y3 )  x2 ( y3  y1 )  x3 ( y1  y2 )] = 0
2
1
 [  4(  6  2)  4(2  6)  4(6  6)] = 0
2
 [– 4(– 8) – 4(– 4) – 4(12)] = 0
 32 + 16 – 48 = 0
 48 – 48 = 0, which is true.
Hence, point P lies on the line joining A and B.
Q3. The points (0, 5), (0, – 9) and (3, 6) are collinear.
Sol. False: Three points A, B, and C will be collinear if the
area of DABC = 0
1
 [0(  9  6)  0(6  5)  3(5  (  9)] = 0
2

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 Chapter 7 - Coordinate Geometry NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

 0 + 0 + 3(14) = 0
 42  0, which is false.
Hence, the given points are not collinear.
Q4. Point P(0, 2) is the point of intersection of y-axis and perpendicular
bisector of line segment joining the points A(– 1, 1) and B(3, 3).
Sol. False: As the point P(0, 2) is the point of intersection of y-axis
and perpendicular bisector of the line joining the points A(– 1, 1) and
B(3, 3), then point P must be equidistant from A and B. So, we must
write PA = PB.
2 2
PA = (  1  0)  (1  2)  1  1  2 units
2 2
PA = (3  0)  (3  2)  9  1  10 units
\ PA  PB
Hence, the given statement is false.
Q5. Points A(3, 1), B(12, – 2) and C(0, 2) cannot be the vertices of a triangle.
Sol. True: Points A, B, C can form a triangle if the sum of any two sides
is greater than the third side.
AB2 = (x2 – x1)2 + (y2 – y1)2
 AB2 = (12 – 3)2 + (– 2 – 1)2 = 81 + 9 = 90
 AB = 3 10 units
BC2 = (0 – 12)2 + [2 – (– 2)]2 = 144 + 16 = 160
 BC = 4 10 units
AC2 = (0 –3)2 + (2 – 1)2 = 9 + 1 = 10  AC = 10 units
∴ AC = 10 units, AB = 3 10 units and BC = 4 10 units
Now, AB + AC = 10  3  10 4 10 units  BC
So, A, B, C points cannot form a D.
Q6. Points A(4, 3), B(6, 4), C(5, – 6) and D(–3, 5) are the vertices of a
parallelogram.
Sol. False: The diagonals of parallelogram bisect each other so, ABCD
will be a parallelogram if
mid-point of diagonal AC = mid-point of diagonal BD
 x1  x2 y1  y2   x   x2 y1  y2 
  ,  =  1 , 
2 2   2 2 
 4  5  6  3  6  3 4  5
  ,  =  , 
2 2  2 2 
 9  3  3 9
  ,    , 
2 2  2 2
Hence, ABCD is not a parallelogram.
Q7. A circle has its centre at the origin and a point P(5, 0) lies on it. The
point Q(6, 8) lies outside the circle.

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 Chapter 7 - Coordinate Geometry NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

Sol. True: If the distance of Q from the cente O(0, 0) is greater than the
radius then point Q lies in the exterior of the circle. Point P(5, 0) lies on
the circle and centre is at O(0, 0) so radius = OP
OP2 = (x2 – x1)2 + (y2 – y1)2
= (5 – 0)2 + (0 – 0)2
 OP2 = 52
 OP = 5 units
Now, OQ2 = (6 – 0)2 + (8 – 0)2 = 36 + 64 = 100
 OQ = 10 units
∴ OQ > OP (radius)
So, point Q lies exterior to circle.
Q8. The point A(2, 7) lies on the perpendicular bisector of line segment
joining the points P(6, 5) and Q(0, – 4).
Sol. False: Any point (A) on perpendicular bisector will be equidistant
from P and Q so
PA = QA
or PA2 = QA2
 (2 – 6)2 + [7 – (5)]2 = (2 – 0)2 + [7 – (–4)]2
 (– 4)2 + (2)2 = 22 + (11)2
 16 + 4 = 4 + 121
 20  125
So, A does not lie on the perpendicular bisector of PQ.
Q9. Point P(5, – 3) is one of the two points of trisection of the line
segment joining the points A(7, – 2) and B(1, – 5).
Sol. True

Let point P divides the line AB in ratio k : 1 then

m x  m2 x1 m y  m2 y1
x 1 2 and y 1 2
m1  m2 m1  m2
k(1)  1(7) k(  5)  1(  2)
 x , y
( k  1) k 1
k7  5k  2
 5 , 3 
k 1 k 1
 5k  5  k  7,  5k  2 
 3k  3
 4k 
7  5,  2 k  3  2
2 1 1 1
 k , k
 
4 2 2 2

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 Chapter 7 - Coordinate Geometry NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

So, P divides AB in 1 : 2 ratio.

Hence, P is one point of trisection of AB.
Q10. Points A(– 6, 10), B(–4, 6) and C(3, – 8) are collinear such that
2
AB = AC.
9
Sol. True: Points A, B and C will be collinear if ar (DABC) = 0
1
ar DABC = [ x1 ( y2  y3 )  x2 ( y3  y1 )  x3 ( y1  y2 )] = 0
2
1
 [  6{6  (  8)}  4(  8  10)  3(10  6)] = 0
2  6(14)  4(  18)  3(4) = 0

 – 84 + 72 + 12 = 0
 – 84 + 84 = 0, which is true
So, points A, B and C are collinear.
AC2 = (x2 – x1)2 + (y2 – y1)2
= (3 + 6)2 + (– 8 – 10)2 = 81 + 324
 AC = 405  9 5 units
AB2 = [– 4 – (– 6)]2 + (6 – 10)2
= (– 4 + 6)2 + (– 4)2
= (2)2 + (– 4)2 = 4 + 16
2
 AB = 20
 AB = 2 5 units
2
Now, AB = AC
9
2
R.H.S. =  9 5
9
= 2 5
= AB
2
Hence, AB = AC is true.
9
Q11. The point P(– 2, 4) lies on a circle of radius 6 and centre (3, 5).
Sol. False: The point P(– 2, 4) lies on a circle if distance between P and
centre is equal to the radius so distance of P from centre O(3, 5) will be
OP2 = (–2 – 3)2 + (4 – 5)2
 OP2 = 25 + (– 1)2
 OP = 26  radius 6
So, P does not lie on the circle. It will lie inside the circle.
Q12. The points A(– 1, – 2), B(4, 3), C(2, 5) and D(– 3, 0) in that order
form a rectangle.
Sol. True: ABCD will form a rectangle if
(i) it is a parallelogram. (ii) diagonals are equal.

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 Chapter 7 - Coordinate Geometry NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

For parallelogram: Diagonals bisect each other.

i.e., Mid point of AC = Mid point of BD is
 1  2  2  5  4  3 3  0
i.e.,  ,  =  , 
2 2  2 2 
  1 3 =  1 , 3
,  2 2
 2 2
Hence, ABCD is a parallelogram.
2 2
Now, Diagonal AC = (2  1)  (5  1)  9  49
 AC = 58 units
and Diagonal BD = (  3  4)2  (0  3)2
 BD = 49  9 units
 BD = 58 units
∴ Diagonal AC = Diagonal BD
Hence, ABCD is a rectangle.

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 Chapter 7 - Coordinate Geometry NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

For parallelogram: Diagonals bisect each other.

i.e., Mid point of AC = Mid point of BD is
 1  2  2  5  4  3 3  0
i.e.,  ,  =  , 
2 2  2 2 
  1 3 =  1 , 3
,  2 2
 2 2
Hence, ABCD is a parallelogram.
2 2
Now, Diagonal AC = (2  1)  (5  1)  9  49
 AC = 58 units
and Diagonal BD = (  3  4)2  (0  3)2
 BD = 49  9 units
 BD = 58 units
∴ Diagonal AC = Diagonal BD
Hence, ABCD is a rectangle.
EXERCISE 7.3
Q1. Name the type of triangle formed by the points A(–5, 6),
B(– 4, – 2) and C(7, 5).
Sol. A(– 5, 6), B(– 4, – 2), C(7, 5)
AB2 = (x2 – x1)2 + (y2 – y1)2
 AB2 = (– 4 + 5)2 + (– 2 – 6)2
= (1)2 + (– 8)2 = 1 + 64 = 65
 AB = 65 units
AC2 = (7 + 5)2 + (5 – 6)2
 AC2 = (12)2 + (– 1)2  AC2 = 144 + 1
 AC = 145 units
BC2 = (7 + 4)2 + (5 + 2)2 = 112 + 72 = 121 + 49
 BC = 170 units
As AB  BC  AC so scalene triangle.
 AC2 + AB2 = 145 + 65 = 210  BC2, so it is not a right angled D
So, a scalene D will be formed.
Q2. Find the points on the x-axis which are at a distance of 2 5 from
point (7, – 4). How many such points are there?
Sol. Let point P(x, 0) be a point on x-axis, and A be the point (7, – 4).
So, AP = 2 5 [Given]
 AP2 = 4  5 = 20
 (x – 7)2 + [0 – (– 4)]2 = 20
 x2 + 49 – 14x + 16 = 20

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 Chapter 7 - Coordinate Geometry NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

 x2 – 14x – 20 + 65 = 0
 x2 – 14x + 45 = 0
2
 x – 9x – 5x + 45 = 0
 x(x – 9) – 5(x – 9) = 0
 (x –9) (x – 5) = 0
 x–9 = 0 or x–5 = 0
 x=9 or x=5
Hence, there are two such points on x-axis whose distance from (7, – 4)
is 2 5 . Hence, required points are (9, 0), (5, 0).
Q3. What type of quadrilateral do the points A(2, – 2), B(7, 3),
C(11, –1) and D(6, –6) taken in that order, form?
Sol. (i) A qudrilateral is a parallelogram, if mid points of diagonals AC
and BD are same.
(ii) A parallelogram is not a rectangle, if diagonals AC  BD.
(iii) A parallelogram may be a rhombus if AB = BC.
(iv) If in a parallelogram diagonals are equal, then it is rectangle.
In a rectangle if the sides AB = BC, then the rectangle is a square.
For parallelogram with vertices A(2, – 2), B(7, 3), C(11, –1), D(6, –6).
mid point of AC = mid point of BD
 2  11  2  1   7  6 3  6
  ,  =  , 
2 2 2 2 
 13  3   13  3 
  ,  =  ,  , which is true.
2 2 2 2 
Hence, ABCD is a parallelogram.
Now, we will check whether AC = BD
or AC2 = BD2
 (11 – 2) + (–1 + 2)2 = (6 – 7)2 + (– 6 – 3)2
2

 (9)2 + (1)2 = (–1)2 + (– 9)2

 81 + 1 = 1 + 81
 82 = 82, which is true.
As the diagonals are equal so it is a rectangle or square.
Now, we will check whether adjacent sides AB = BC
or AB2 = BC2
 (7 – 2) + (3 + 2)2 = (11 – 7)2 + (– 1 – 3)2
2

 52 + 52 = (4)2 + (– 4)2
 25 + 25 = 16 + 16
 50  32, which is false.
So, ABCD is not a square. Hence, ABCD is a rectangle.
Q4. Find the value of a, if the distance between the points A(– 3, – 14)
and B(a, – 5) is 9 units.
Sol. Consider A(– 3, – 14) and B(a, – 5).

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 Chapter 7 - Coordinate Geometry NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

According to the question, AB = 9

 AB2 = 81
 (a + 3) + (–5 + 14)2 = 81
2

 a2 + 9 + 6a + (9)2 = 81
 a2 + 6a + 9 = 81 – 81
 (a + 3)2 = 0
 a+3 = 0
 a = –3
Q5. Find a point which is equidistant from the points A(– 5, 4) and
B(– 1, 6). How many such points are there?
Sol. Let P(x, y) is equidistant from A(–5, 4) and B(– 1, 6), then
PA = PB
 PA2 = PB2
 (x + 5)2 + (y – 4)2 = (x + 1)2 + (y – 6)2
 x + 25 + 10x + y2 + 16 – 8y = x2 + 1 + 2x + y2 + 36 – 12y
2

 41 + 10x – 8y = 37 + 2x – 12y
 8x + 4y + 4 = 0
 2x + 1y + 1 = 0 (I)
The above equation shows that infinite points are equidistant from
AB, because all the points on perpendicular bisector of AB will be
equidistant from AB.
 One such point which is equidistant from A and B is the mid-
point M of AB i.e.,
 x  x2 y1  y2 
M 1 , 
 2 2 
  5  1 4  6
M , 
 2 2 
  6 10 
M ,
 2 2 
M(  3, 5)
So, (– 3, 5) is equidistant from points A and B.
Q6. Find the coordinates of the point Q on the x-axis which lies on the
perpendicular bisector of the line segment joining the points A(– 5, – 2)
and B(4, – 2). Name the type of triangle formed by the points Q, A and B.
Sol. Let Q(x, 0) be a point on x-axis which lies on the perpendicular
bisector of AB.
\ QA = QB
 QA2 = QB2
 (–5 – x) + (–2 – 0)2 = (4 – x)2 + (– 2 – 0)2
2

 (x + 5)2 + (– 2)2 = (4 – x)2 + (– 2)2

 x + 25 + 10x + 4 = 16 + x2 – 8x + 4
2

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 Chapter 7 - Coordinate Geometry NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

 10x + 8x = 16 – 25
 18x = – 9
 9 1
 x= 
18 2
 1 
Hence, the point Q is  , 0 .
 2 
2
 1
Now, QA2 =   5    [  2 – 0]2
 2
2
  9 4
=  
 2  1
81 4 81  16 97
 QA2 =  
4 1 4 4
97 97
 QA =  units
4 2
 12 2  9
2
Now, QB2 = 4   (  2  0)
  (  2)2
 2  2
81 4 81  16 97
 QB2 =  
4 1 4 4
97 97
 QB =  units
4 2
and AB = (4  5)2  [  2  (  2)]  2
(9)
 2
9 units
 AB = 9 units
As QA = QB
So, DQAB is an isosceles D.
Q7. Find the value of m if the points (5, 1), (– 2, – 3) and (8, 2m) are collinear.
Sol. Points A, B, C will be collinear if the area of DABC = 0.
1
i.e., [ x ( y  y3 )  x2 ( y3  y1 )  x3 ( y1  y2 )] 
0
2 1 2
1
 [5(  3  2 m)  2(2 m  1)  8(1  3)]  0
2
  15  10 m  4 m  2  32  0
  14 m  15  34 
0
  14 m  19 
0
  14 m 
 19
19
 m
14
19
Hence, the required value of m = .
14

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 Chapter 7 - Coordinate Geometry NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

Q8. If the point A(2, – 4) is equidistant from P(3, 8) and Q(–10, y), then
find the values of y. Also find distance PQ.
Sol. According to the question,
PA = QA
 PA2 = QA2
 (3 – 2)2 + (8 + 4)2 = (–10 – 2)2 + (y + 4)2
 12 + 122 = (– 12)2 + y2 + 16 + 8y
 y2 + 8y + 16 – 1 = 0
 y2 + 8y + 15 = 0
2
 y + 5y + 3y + 15 = 0
 y(y + 5) + 3(y + 5) = 0
 (y + 5) (y + 3) = 0
 y+5 = 0 or y + 3 = 0
 y = –5 or y = –3
So, the co-ordinates are P(3, 8), Q1(– 10, – 3), Q2(– 10, – 5).
Now, PQ21 = (3 + 10)2 + (8 + 3)2 = 132 + 112
 PQ21 = 169 + 121
 PQ1 = 290 units
and PQ22 = (3 + 10)2 + (8 + 5)2 = 132 + 132
= 132[1 + 1]
 PQ 2 = 132  2
2

 PQ2 = 13 2 units
Hence, y = – 3, – 5, and PQ  290 units and 13 2 units.
Q9. Find the area of the triangle whose vertices are (– 8, 4), (– 6, 6) and
(– 3, 9).
Sol. Vertices of DABC are A(– 8, 4), B(– 6, 6) and C(– 3, 9).
1
 Area of ABC= [ x1 ( y2  y3 )  x2 ( y3  y1 )  x3 ( y1  y2 )]
2
1
 Area of ABC  [  8(6  9)  6(9  4)  3(4  6)]
2
1
 [  8(  3)  6(5)  3(  2)]
2
1
 [24  30  6]
 0
2
Hence, the area of given triangle is zero.
Q10. In what ratio does the x-axis divides the line segment joining the
points (– 4, – 6) and (– 1, 7)? Find the coordinates of the point of division.
Sol. Point P(x, 0) on x-axis intersects the line joining the points
A(– 4, – 6) and B(– 1, 7). Let P divides the line in the ratio k : 1.

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 Chapter 7 - Coordinate Geometry NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

Using the section formula, we have

m y  m2 y1
y 1 2 (I)
m1  m2
0 k(7)  1(–6)
 
1 k 1
 7k  6  0
6
 k
7
 m1  6 and m2  7
Again, using the section formula, we have
m x  m2 x1
x 1 2
m1  m2
6(  1)  7(  4)  6  28
  x 
67 13
  34
x
13
6(7)  7(  6) 42  42
Now, y=   0 [From (I)]
67 13
 34 
 Hence, the required point of intersection is  , 0 .
 13 
Q11. Find the ratio in which the point P ,  3 5  divides the line
 4 12 
 1 3
segment joining the points A  ,  and B(2, – 5).
 3 2
Sol. Let point P divides the line segment AB in the ratio k : 1, then

The coordinates of P, by section formula are

m1 x2  m2 x1 m1 y2  m2 y1
 x  ,y
m1  m2 m1  m2
 1
k(2)  1  
 2
 x 
k+1

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 Chapter 7 - Coordinate Geometry NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

1
3 2k +
 = 2
4 k+1
 8k + 2 = 3k + 3
 8k – 3k = 3–3
 5k = 1
1
 k=
5
 m1 = 1 and m2 = 5
Now, m ( y )  m2 ( y1 )
y 1 2
 m1  m2

3 15
 5 1(  5)  5    5 
∴ y-coordinate of P is  2  2
  12  y 
15 6
 10  15
 2
6
5 1 5
 y  
2 6 12
 5
y-coordinate of P is .
 12 
Hence, P divides AB in ratio 1 : 5.
Q12. If point P(9a – 2, – b) divides the line segment joining the points
A(3a + 1, – 3) and B(8a, 5) in the ratio 3 : 1, then find the values of a and b.
Sol. Point P(9a – 2, – b) divides the line segment joining the points
A(3a + 1, – 3) and B(8a, 5) in the ratio 3 : 1. But, the coordinates of P
are (9a – 2, – b).

Using section formula, we have

3(8 a)  1(3a  1) 3(  5)  1(–3)
9a  2  b 
31 31
24 a  3a  1  15  3 12
   b
 
4 4 4
 36 a  8  27 a  1
 36 a  27 a  81  b 3
 9a  9
9
 a   1
9
Hence, a = +1 and b = – 3

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 Chapter 7 - Coordinate Geometry NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

Q13. If (a, b) is mid-point of the line segment joining points A(10, – 6)

and B(k, 4) and a – 2b = 18, then find the value of k and the distance AB.
Sol. Let P(a, b) is the mid-point of the line-segment joining the points
A(10, –6) and B(k, 4). Therefore, P(a, b) divides the line segment joining
the points A(10, – 6) and B(k, 4) in the ratio 1 : 1.
10  k 6  4
 a= (I) and b=
2 2
2
 b=
2
   b = –1 (II)
But, a – 2b = 18 (III) [Given]
 a – 2(– 1) = 18 [Using (II)]
 a = 18 – 2  a = 16
10  k
But, a= [From (I)]
2
10  k
 16 =
2
 10 + k = 32
 k = 32 – 10
 k = 22
Now, the co-ordinates of A and B are given by A (10, – 6) and B(22, 4).
∴ AB2 = (22 – 10)2 + (4 + 6)2
= 122 + 102 = 144 + 100
2
 AB = 244
 AB = 2 61 units
Hence, the required value of k = 22, a = 16, b = –1 and AB = 2 61 units .
Q14. If the centre of circle is (2a, a – 7) then find the values of a if the
circle passes through the point (11, – 9) and has diameter 10 2 units.
Sol. Let C(2a, a – 7) be the centre of the circle and it passes through the
point P(11, – 9).
∴ PQ = 10 2
 CP = 5 2
2
 CP2 = (5 2) = 50
 (2a – 11)2 + (a – 7 + 9)2 = 50
 (2a)2 + (11)2 – 2(2a) (11) + (a + 2)2 = 50
 4a + 121 – 44a + (a)2 + (2)2 + 2(a)(2) = 50
2

 5a2 – 40a + 125 = 50

 a2 – 8a + 25 = 10
 a2 – 8a + 25 – 10 = 0

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 Chapter 7 - Coordinate Geometry NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

 a2 – 8a + 15 = 0
2
 a – 5a – 3a + 15 = 0
 a(a – 5) –3(a – 5) = 0
 (a – 5) (a – 3) = 0
 a–5 = 0 or a – 3 = 0
 a=5 or a =3
Hence, the required values of a are 5 and 3.
Q15. The line segment joining the points A(3, 2) and B(5, 1) is divided
at the point P in the ratio of 1 : 2 and it lies on the line 3x – 18y + k = 0.
Find the value of k.
Sol.

P divides AB in the ratio 1 : 2. Then, the coordinates of P(x, y) are given by

m ( x )  m2 ( x1 ) m ( y )  m2 ( y1 )
x 1 2 and y 1 2
m1  m2 m1  m2
1(5)  2(3) 5  6 1(1)  2(2) 1  4
 x
   y 
12 3 12 3
11 5
 x  y
3 3
 11 5 
But, P  ,  P(x, y) lies on the line 3x – 18y + k = 0
 3 3
 11   5
 3    18    k = 0
 3  3
33 90
  k =0
3 3
 33 – 90 + 3k =0
 3k = 90 – 33
 3k = 57
 k = 57
3
 k = 19
Hence, the required value of k = 19.
 1 5 7 7
Q16. If D  , , E(7, 3) and F , are the mid-points of sides of
 2 2   2 2
DABC, find the area of DABC.

Coordinate Geometry n 199

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 Chapter 7 - Coordinate Geometry NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

Sol. In DABC, D is mid point of BC,

E is mid point of AC, and F is mid
point of AB.
 DDEF  DAFE  DFBD

 DEDC
So, area of DABC = 4 (area of DDEF)
The mid-points of sides of DABC are
 1 5 7 7
given by D  , , E(7, 3), and F  ,  .
 2 2  2 2
1
∴ Area DDEF  [ x1 ( y2  y3 )  x2 ( y3  y1 )  x3 ( y1  y2 )]
2
1 1  7  7 5 7  5 
    3    7       3 
2 2  2  2 2 2  2 
1  1   1 7   1 
      7(1)    
2 2 2   2  2 

or 1 1 7
=  7 
2 4 4
1  1  28  7
  
2 4 
1  29  7 
  
2 4 
22 11
 
8 4
 Area of DABC = 4  Area DDEF
11
=4
4
 11 square units
Hence, the required area of DABC is 11 square units.
Q17. The points A(2, 9), B(a, 5) and C(5, 5) are the vertices of a DABC
right angled at B. Find the values of a and hence the area of DABC.
Sol. DABC is right angled at B.
 By Pythagoras theorem,
AB2 + BC2 = AC2 ...(I)
AB2 = (x2 – x1)2 + (y2 – y1)2
 AB2 = (a – 2)2 + (5 – 9)2
 AB2 = (a)2 + (2)2 – 2(a) (2) + (– 4)2
= a2 + 4 – 4a + 16
 AB = a2 – 4a + 20
2

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 Chapter 7 - Coordinate Geometry NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

BC2 = (a – 5)2 + (5 – 5)2

= (a)2 + (5)2 – 2(a)(5) + 02
 BC2 = a2 + 25 – 10a
AC2 = (5 – 2)2 + (5 – 9)2
2
= 3 + (– 4)2
= 9 + 16 = 25
 AC = 25 = 5 units
 a2 – 4a + 20 + a2 + 25 – 10a = (5)2 [From (I)]
 2a2 – 14a + 45 – 25 = 0
 2a2 – 14a + 20 = 0
 a2 –7a + 10 = 0
 a2 – 5a – 2a + 10 = 0
 a(a – 5) – 2(a – 5) = 0
 (a – 5) (a – 2) = 0
 a – 5 = 0 or a–2= 0
 a = 5 or a= 2
If a = 5 then B(5, 5) and C(5, 5) and BC = 0, which is not possible.
Hence, a = 2.
Now, AB2 = a2 – 4a + 20
= (2)2 – 4(2) + 20
= 4 – 8 + 20
 AB2 = 24 – 8
 AB2 = 16
 AB = 4 units
And, BC2 = a2 + 25 – 10a
= (2)2 + 25 – 10(2)­ [ a = 2]
= 4 + 25 – 20 = 29 – 20 = 9
 BC2 = 9
 BC = 3 units
1
 Area of right angled triangle ABC = base  altitude
2
1
= BC  AB
2
1
= 34
2
= 6 square units
Hence, the value of a = 2 and area of DABC is 6 sq. units.
Q18. Find the coordinates of the point R on the line segment joining
3
the points P(– 1, 3) and Q(2, 5) such that PR = PQ .
5

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 Chapter 7 - Coordinate Geometry NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

3
Sol. PR = PQ [Given]
5
5 PQ
 =
3 PR
P(–1, 3) (x1, y1)
R(x, y)
m1 = 3
m2 = 2
Q(2, 5) (x2, y2)
5 PR  RQ
 =
3 PR
5 PR RQ
 = 
3 PR PR
QR 5 53
 = 1
PR 3 3
QR 2
 =
PR 3
PR 3
or = or PR : QR = 3 : 2
QR 2
∴ m1 = 3 and m2 = 2
Now, the coordinates of point R are given by
m1 ( x2 )  m2 ( x1 ) m1 ( y2 )  m2 ( y1 )
x and y
m1  m2 m1  m2
3(2)  2(  1) 6  2 3(5)  2(3) 15  6
 x
  y 
32 5 32 5
4 21
 x  y
5 5
 4 21 
Hence, the required coordinates of R are  ,  .
5 5 
Q19. Find the value of k if the points A(k + 1, 2k), B(3k, 2k + 3) and
C(5k – 1, 5k) are collinear.
Sol. Points A, B, and C will be collinear if area of DABC = 0
1
 [ x ( y  y3 )  x2 ( y3  y1 )  x3 ( y1  y2 )]  0
2 1 2
1
 [( k  1) {2 k  3  5 k}  3 k{5 k  2 k}  (5 k  1) {2 k  (2 k  3)}] 
0
2
 ( k  1) (  3 k  3)  3 k(3 k )  (5 k  1) (2 k  2 k  3)  0

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 Chapter 7 - Coordinate Geometry NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

 – 3(k + 1)(k – 1) + 3(3k2) – 3(5k – 1) = 0

Divide by 3 on both sides, we have
[( k  1) (  k  1)  3k 2  (5k  1) (  1)] 
0
 1 – k2 + 3k2 – 5k + 1 = 0
 2k2 – 5k + 2 = 0
2
 2k – 4k – 1k + 2 = 0
 2k(k – 2) – 1 (k – 2) = 0
 (k – 2) (2k – 1) = 0
 k–2 = 0
or 2k – 1 = 0
 k =
or 2 2k = 1
1
 k=2 or k=
2
1
Hence, the required value of k are 2 and .
2
Q20. Find the ratio in which the line 2x + 3y – 5 = 0 divides the line
segment joining the points (8, – 9) and (2, 1). Also find the coordinates
of the point of division.

Sol.

2x + 3y – 5 = 0 ...(I)
Let the line given by equation I divides AB at P(x, y) in the ratio k : 1.
Then, using the section formula, the coordinates of P are given by
m1 ( x2 )  m2 ( x1 ) m1 ( y2 )  m2 ( y1 )
x and y
m1  m2 m1  m2
k(2)  1(8) k(1)  1(  9)
 x and y
( k  1) k 1
2k  8 k9
 x and y
k 1 k 1
 2k  8 k  9 
 P( x , y )   , lies on line I so P must satisfy equation (I)
 k  1 k  1 
2k  8 k9
substitute x 
So and y in equation I
k 1 k 1
 2k  8   k  9
 2   3 50
 k 1   k  1 

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 Chapter 7 - Coordinate Geometry NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

On multiplying by (k + 1) in above equation both sides, we get

2(2 k  8)  3( k  9)  5( k  1) 0
 4 k  16  3 k  27  5 k  5  0
 2 k  16  0
16
 k 8
2
 2k  8 k  9 
\ Point of intersection is given by P  ,
 k  1 k  1 
 2  8  8 8  9
 P ,
 81 8  1 
 16  8  1 
 P , 
 9 9 
 24  1 
 P ,
 9 9 
 8  1
 P ,
 3 9 
8  1
Hence, line of eqn. (I) divides AB in ratio 8 : 1 at P  , .
 3 9 

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 Chapter 7 - Coordinate Geometry NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

EXERCISE 7.4
Q1. If (– 4, 3) and (4, 3) are two vertices of an equilateral triangle, find
the coordinates of the third vertex, given that the origin lies in the
interior of the triangle.
Sol. Let A(– 4, 3), B(4, 3) and C(x, y) are the three vertices of DABC.
As the triangle is equilateral,
so AC = BC = AB
or AC2 = BC2 = AB2 (I)
Now, AB2 = (4 + 4)2 + (3 – 3)2
 AB2 = (8)2 = 64
 AB = 8 units (II)
AC2 = (x + 4)2 + (y – 3)2
= (x)2 + (4)2 + 2(x) (4) + (y)2 + (3)2 – 2(y) (3)
= 2 + y2 + 8x – 6y + 16 + 9
 AC = x2 + y2 + 8x – 6y + 25
2
(III)
BC2 = (x – 4)2 + (y – 3)2
= (x)2 + (4)2 – 2(x) (4) + (y)2 + (3)2 – 2(y) (3)
= x2 + y2 – 8x – 6y + 16 + 9
 BC = x2 + y2 – 8x – 6y + 25
2
(IV)

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 Chapter 7 - Coordinate Geometry NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

Now, AC2 = AB2 [From (I)]

2 2
 x + y + 8x – 6y + 25 = 64 [From (III), (II)]
 x2 + y2 + 8x – 6y = 64 – 25
 x2 + y2 + 8x – 6y = 39 (V)
Again, BC2 = AB2 [From (I)]
 x2 + y2 – 8x – 6y + 25 = 64 [From (II), (IV)]
 x2 + y2 – 8x – 6y = 64 – 25
 x2 + y2 – 8x – 6y = 39 (VI)
Subtracting (V) from (VI), we have
x2 + y2 – 8x – 6y = 39 (VI)
x2 + y2 + 8x – 6y = 39 (V)
– – – + –
– 16x = 0
 x=0
Putting x = 0 in (V), we have
(0)2 + y2 + 8(0) – 6y = 39
 y2 – 6y – 39 = 0
D = b2 – 4ac (a = 1, b = –6, c = – 39)
= (– 6)2 – 4(1) (– 39) = 36 + 156
 D = 192
 D = 2222223
 D = 8 3
 b  D 6  8 3 2(3  4 3)
 y=  
2a 21 2
 y1 = 3  4 3 and y2 
34 3
Hence, the third vertex of DABC may be C(0, 3  4 3) and C (0, 3  4 3).
Now, C(0, 3  4 3) (0, 9.9)
C
= C(0, 3  4  1.732)
= C(0, 3  6.9) (–4, 3) (4, 3)
= C(0, 9.9) A B

and C (0, 3  4 3) Y
(0, 0)
X
= C (0, 3  4  1.732)
= C (0, 3  6.9)
C (0, –3.8)
= C (0,  3.9)

So, the required point so that origin lies inside it is (0, 3  4 3) .

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 Chapter 7 - Coordinate Geometry NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

Q2. A(6, 1), B(8, 2) and C(9, 4) are three vertices of a parallelogram
ABCD. If E is the mid point of DC, then find the area of DADE.
Sol. ABCD is a parallelogram so
[Mid point of diagonal BD] = [Mid point of diagonal AC]
 x4  8 y 4  2  7
\ Mid point of BD=  ,  E 8,
2
2 2 D( x ,
4 4y )
C(9, 4)
 6  9 1  4
and Mid point of AC =  , 
 2 2 
x4  8 15 y4  2 5
 and 
2 2 2 2
 x4 
15  8 and y4 5  2 A(6, 1) B(8, 2)
 x 7 and y4  3
4
 D = (7, 3)
 x + 9 y4  4 
Mid point of DC is E  4 , 
 2 2 
 7  9 3  4
 E , 
 2 2 
 16 7   7
 E
 ,  E  8, 
2 2 2
1  7 7  
Now, Area of DADE = 6  3    7   1  8(1  3) 
2  2 2 
1    1  5 
=  6    7    8(  2) 
2  2 2 
1 35  1   6  35  32 
=  3   16 
 2  
2 2 2
1 (  3)  3 3
=   sq units = sq. units
2 2 4 4
[In magnitude]
3
Hence, the area of DADE is sq. units.
4
Q3. The points A(x1, y1), B(x2, y2) and C(x3, y3) are the vertices of DABC.
(i) The median from A meets BC at D. Find the coordinates of the
point D.
(ii) Find the coordinates of the point P on AD such that AP : PD = 2 : 1.
(iii) Find the coordinates of points Q and R on medians BE and CF
respectively such that BQ : QE = 2 : 1 and CR : RF = 2 : 1.
(iv) What are the coordinates of the centroid of the DABC?

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 Chapter 7 - Coordinate Geometry NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

Sol. (i) Median from A meets BC at D i.e., D

is the mid-point of BC.
So, the coordinates of D are given by
 x2  x3 y 2  y 3 
 , 
2 2 

(ii)

The coordinates of the point P on AD such that AP : PD = 2 : 1 are

given by
 x  x3   y  y3 
2 2   1( x1 ) 2 2   1( y1 )
 2  2 
x , y
21 21
x2  x3  x1 y  y3  y1
 x , y 2
3 3
 x1  x2  x3 y1  y2  y3 
\ P

,  is the required point.
3 3
(iii) (a) Median BE meets the side AC at its mid-point E.
 x1  x3 y1  y3 
\ Coordinates of E are  , .
 2 2 
x1 + x3 y1 + y3
E ,
2 2
1
Q(x, y)
2
B(x2, y2)
Now, the coordinates of Q such that BE is median and BQ : QE = 2 : 1
are given by
 x  x3   y  y3 
2 1   1( x2 ) 2 1   1( y2 )
 2   2 
x , y
21 21
x1  x3  x2 y1  y3  y2
 x , y
3 3
 The coordinates of point Q on median BE such at QB : QE = 2 : 1
 x  x2  x3 y1  y2  y3 
are  1 ,  .
 3 3

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 Chapter 7 - Coordinate Geometry NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

(b) Median CF meets the side AB at its mid-point F.

 x  x2 y1  y2 
\ Coordinate of F are  1 , .
 2 2 

Now, the coordinates of R such that CF is median and CR : RF = 2 : 1

are given by
 x  x2   y  y2 
1( x3 )  2  1 1( y3 )  2  1
 2   2 

x , y
12 12
x3  x1  x2 y3  y1  y2
 x , y
3 3
So, the coordinates of point R on the median CF such that CR : RF = 2 : 1
 x  x2  x3 y1  y2  y3 
are  1 , 
 3 3
(iv) Coordinates of centroid G of DABC are
 x1  x2  x3 y1  y2  y3 
 , 
3 3
It is observed that coordinates of P, Q, R and G are same.
Hence, the medians intersect at the same point i.e., centroid which
divides the medians in the ratio 2 : 1.
Q4. If the points A(1, – 2), B(2, 3), C(a, 2) and D(– 4, – 3) form a
parallelogram, find the value of a and height of the parallelogram
taking AB as base.
Sol. As ABCD is a parallelogram and diagonals of parallelogram
bisect each other.

OR

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 Chapter 7 - Coordinate Geometry NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

The mid points of diagonals of parallelogram will coincide i.e.,

Mid-point of diagonal AC = Mid-point of diagonal BD
 1  a  2  2   4  2  3  3
  ,  =  2 , 2 
2 2
1  a   2 
  , 0 =  , 0
2   2 
1a 2
 =
2 2
 a = –2–1=–3
Hence, the value of a is – 3.
1
Now, Area of DABD = base  altitude
2
1 1
 [ x1 ( y2  y3 )  x2 ( y3  y1 )  x3 ( y1  y2 )] = AB  h
2 2
1
 [1{3  (  3)}  2{  3  (  2)}  4(  2  3)] = ( x2  x1 )2  ( y2  y1 )2
2
1 h
 [(3  3)  2(  3  2)  4(  5)] = (2  1)2  (3  2)2
2 2
1 h
 [6  2(  1)  20] = (1)2  (5)2
2 2
1 h
 [6  2  20] = 1  25
2 2
1 h
 [26  2] = 26
2 2
 h 26 = 24
24 26 24 26
 h=  
26 26 26
12
 h= 26 units
13
Hence, the perpendicular distance between parallel sides AB and CD
12 26
is units.
13
Q5. Student of a school are standing in rows and columns in their
playground for a drill practice. A, B, C, D are the positions of four
students as shown in the figure. Is it possible to place Jaspal in the drill
in such a way that he is equidistant from each of the four students A, B
C and D? If so, what should be his position?

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 Chapter 7 - Coordinate Geometry NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

10
9 B
8
7
6
Rows
5 A C
4
3
2
1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Columns Teacher

Sol. Coordinates of A, B, C and D from graph are A(3, 5), B(7, 9),
C(11, 5), and D(7, 1).
To find the shape of ABCD:
AB2 (7  3)2  (9  5)2 4 2  4 2 4 2 (1  1)
 AB 
4 2 units
BC 2 (11  7)2  (5  9)2 (4)2  (  4)2 4 2 (1  1)
 BC 
4 2 units
CD2 
(7  11)2  (1  5)2 
(  4)2  (  4)2 
42  42
 CD 
4 2 units
DA 2 (7  3)2  (1  5)2 4 2  (  4)2 4 2  4 2
 DA
 4 2 (1  1)
 4 2 units

\ AB = BC = CD = DA = 4 2 units.
So, ABCD will be either square or rhombus.
Now, Diagonal AC = (11  3)2  (5  5)2

 AC = (8)2  (0)2
 AC = 8 units
(7 – 7) + (1 – 9) = (0) + (8) = 0 + (8) = 8
2 2 2 2 2 2
and diagonal BD =
 BD = 8 units
 Diagonal AC = Diagonal BD

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 Chapter 7 - Coordinate Geometry NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

So, the given quadrilateral ABCD is a square. The point which is

equidistant from point A, B, C, D of a square ABCD will be at the
intersecting point of diagonals and diagonals bisect each other.
Hence, the required point O equidistant from A, B, C, D is mid
 7  7 9  1   14 10 
point of any diagonal =  ,
   ,  (7, 5) .
2 2   2 2
Hence, the required point is (7, 5).
Q6. Ayush starts walking from his house to office. Instead of going to
the office directly, he goes to a bank first, from there to his daughter’s
school and then reaches the office. What is the extra distance travelled
by Ayush in reaching his office? (Assume that all distances covered are
in straight lines). If the house is situated at (2, 4), bank at (5, 8) school at
(13, 14) and office at (13, 26) and coordinates are in km.
Sol. Consider the coordinates of house H(2, 4), bank B(5, 8), school
S(13, 14) and office O(13, 26).
Distance HB2 = (5 – 2)2 + (8 – 4)2 = 32 + 42 = 9 + 16 = 25
 HB = 5 km
Distance BS2 = (13 – 5)2 + (14 – 8)2 = 82 + 62 = 64 + 36
 BS2 = 100
 BS = 10 km
Distance SO2 = (13 – 13)2 + (26 – 14)2 = 02 + 122 = 122
 SO = 12 km
Total distance travelled by Ayush from house to bank to school and
then to office
= HB + BS + SO
= 5 + 10 + 12 = 27 km
Direct distance from house to office = HO
 HO2 = (13 –2)2 + (26 – 4)2 = (11)2 + (22)2
 HO2 = 121 + 484
 HO = 605  24.6 km
So, extra distance travelled by Ayush = 27 km – 24.6 km = 2.4 km.
Hence, extra distance travelled by Ayush = 2.4 km

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