ASSIGNMENT

SUBJECT: IOQM Topic: Number Theory

READ THE INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY

1. Questions 1 to 10 carry 2 marks each; Questions 11 to 20 carry 3 marks each;
Questions 21 and 30 carry 5 marks each.
2. There are no negative marks.
3. Use of mobile phones, smartphones, ipads, calculators, programmable wrist watches is
STRICTLY PROHIBITED. Only ordinary pens and pencils are allowed inside the examination hall.
4. The correction is done by machines through scanning. On the OMR Sheet, darken bubbles
completely with a black pencil or a black or blue ball pen. Darken the bubbles completely only
after you are sure of your answer; else, erasing may lead to the OMR sheet getting damaged
and the machine may not be able to read the answer.
5. The name, email address, and date of birth entered on the OMR sheet will be your login
credentials for accessing your PRMO score.
6. Incomplete/Incorrectly and carelessly filled information may disqualify your candidature.
7. Each question has a one, two or three digit number as answer.

1. Let x, y, and z all exceed 1 and let w be a positive number such that logx w = 24, logy w = 40, and
logxyz w = 12. Find logz w.
Let x, y and z all exceed 1 and let w be a positive number such that logx w = 24, logy
w = 40 and logxyz w = 12. Find logz w.

k (k + 1)( 2k + 1)
2. It is known that, for all positive integers k, 12 + 22 + 32 + ... + k2 = . Find the smallest
6
positive integer k such that 12 + 22 + 32 + … + k2 is a multiple of 200.

3. There exist r unique nonnegative integers n1 > n2 > … > nr and r unique integers ak (1  k  r) with
n n2 n
each ak either 1 or –1 such that a1 3 1 + a2 3 + ... + ar 3 r = 2008 . Find n1 + n2 + … + nr.

 19   20   21   91 
4. Suppose r is a real number for which r +  + r +  + r +  + ... + r +  = 546 .
 100   100   100   100 

Find  100r  . (For real x,  x  is the greatest integer less than or equal to x.)

5. How many of the first 1000 positive integers can be expressed in the form 2x  + 4x  + 6x  + 8x 

, where x is a real number, and z  denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to z?

6. Positive numbers x, y, and z satisfy xyz = 1081 and (log10 x)(log10 yz) + (log10 y)(log10 z) = 468 . Find

(log10 x) + (log10 y ) + (log10 z)

2 2 2
.

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7. Given that
(1) x and y are both integers between 100 and 999, inclusive;
(2) y is the number formed by reversing the digits of x; and
(3) z = |x – y|
How many distinct values of z are possible?

8. For how many pairs of consecutive integers in {1000, 1001, 1002, …, 2000} is no carrying required
when the two integers are added?

9. Let N be the number of ways to write 2010 in the form 2010 = a3 . 103 + a2 . 102 + a1 . 10 + a0, where
the ai's are integers, and 0  ai  99. An example of such a representation is 1.103 + 3.102 + 67.101 +
40.100. Find N.

10. For any positive integer x, let S(x) be the sum of the digits of x, and let T(x) be |S(x + 2) – S(x)|. For
example, T(199) = |S(201) – S(199)| = |3 – 19| = 16. How many values of T(x) do not exceed 1999?

 2002 
11. Find the least positive integer k for which the equation   = k has no integer solutions for n.
 n 
(The notation  x  means the greatest integer less than or equal to x.)

12. Someone observed that 6! = 8. 9. 10. Find the largest positive integer n for which n! can be
expressed as the product of n – 3 consecutive positive integers.

13. If a < b < c < d < e are consecutive positive integers such that b + c + d is a perfect square and a
+ b + c + d + e is a perfect cube, what is the smallest possible value of c?

14. Find the least positive integer such that when its leftmost digit is deleted, the resulting integer is
1
of the original integer.
29

15. Find the sum of all positive integers n for which n2 – 19n + 99 is a perfect square.

16. What is the largest positive integer n for which n3 + 100 is divisible by n + 10?

17. Let n be the smallest positive integer that is a multiple of 75 and has exactly 75 positive integral
n
divisors, including 1 and itself. Find .
75

18. Let S be the set of all rational numbers r, 0 < r < 1, that have a repeating decimal expansion in the
form 0.abcabcabc … = 0.abc , where the digits a, b, and c are not necessarily distinct. To write the
elements of S as fractions in lowest terms, how many different numerators are required?

19. Find the number of positive integers with three not necessarily distinct digits, abc, with a  0 and
c  0 such that both abc and cba are multiples of 4.
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  200 
20. What is the largest 2-digit prime factor of the integer n 
 100  ?
 

21. The increasing sequence 1, 3, 4, 9, 10, 12, 13 … consists of all those positive integers which are
powers of 3 or sums of distinct powers of 3. Find the 100 th term of this sequence.

22. Let [r, s] denote the least common multiple of positive integers r and s. Find the number of ordered
triples (a, b, c) of positive integers for which [a, b] = 1000, [b, c] = 2000, and [c, a] = 200.

23. What is the smallest positive integer with six positive odd integer divisors and twelve positive even
integer divisors?

24. Let n = 231319. How many positive integer divisors of n2 are less than n but do not divide n?

25. Let N be the number of consecutive 0's at the right end of the decimal representation of the
product 1!2!3!4! … 99!100!. Find the remainder when N is divided by 1000.

26. Let K be the product of all factors (b – a) (not necessarily distinct) where a and b are integers
satisfying 1  a < b  20. Find the greatest positive integer n such that 2n divides K.

27. What is the largest positive integer that is not the sum of a positive integral multiple of 42 and a
positive composite integer?

28. The product N of three positive integers is 6 times their sum, and one of the integers is the sum
of the other two. Find the sum of all possible values of N.

29. Let S be the sum of all numbers of the form a/b, where a and b are relatively prime positive
divisors of 1000. What is the greatest integer that does not exceed S/10?

30. Let N be the number of positive integers that are less than or equal to 2003 and whose base-2
representation has more 1's than 0's. Find the remainder when N is divided by 1000.

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