 Research is a scientific and systematic search

for relevant information on a specific topic.

 Redman and Mory define research as a

“systematized effort to gain new knowledge.

 Purpose of research is to discover answers

to questions through application of
scientific procedures.
Some general objectives of research are:
1. to verify and test important facts
2. to analyze an event or process or phenomenon to
identify the cause and effect relationship
3. to develop new scientific tools, concepts and
theories to solve and understand scientific and non-
scientific problems
4. to find solutions to scientific, non-scientific and
social problems and to overcome or solve the
problems occurring in our everyday life
Based on purpose/objectives
1. Exploratory or formulative research: to gain
familiarity with a phenomenon or to achieve new
insights into it
◦ This type of research investigates an area or issue on
which little previous work has been carried out.
◦ In an organizational setting it may be used to discover
whether or not a problem exists.
2. Descriptive research: to portray accurately the
characteristics of a particular individual, situation
or a group
3. Diagnostic or explanatory research: to determine
the frequency with which something occurs or
with which it is associated with something else
◦ It aims to gather information that illuminates
relationships, patterns and links between
variables.
4. Experimental research or hypothesis testing
research: to test a hypothesis of a causal
relationship between variables
 Descriptive Analytical Variation in
Approaches

Purpose of
research
Fundamental Applied
The time
TYPES OF required to
RESEARCH accomplish

Qualitative Quantitative The

environment
in which
research is
done

Conceptual Empirical
 Controlled

Critical Rigorous

QUALITIES
OF
RESEARCH

Empirical Systematic

Valid and
verifiable
 Rigorous: you must
Controlled- implies that, in exploring causality
be scrupulous in
in relation to two variables (factors), you set
ensuring that the
up your study in a way that minimizes the
procedures followed
effects of other factors affecting the
to find answers to
relationship. This can be achieved to a large
questions are
extent in the physical sciences however, in the
relevant,
social sciences it is extremely difficult
appropriate and
justified.

Systematic: implies that

Critical- The process of the procedure adopted to
investigation must be undertake an
foolproof and free from QUALITIES investigation follow a
drawbacks. The process
adopted and the OF certain logical sequence.
The different steps
procedures used must be
able to withstand critical
RESEARCH cannot be taken in a
haphazard way. Some
scrutiny. procedures must follow
others.

Empirical - this means Valid and verifiable - this

that any conclusion concept implies that
drawn is based upon hard whatever you conclude
evidence gathered from on the basis of your
information collected findings is correct and
from real life experiences can be verified by you
or observations. and others.
Emerging research areas
 Managing technology & innovation
 Consumer research
 AI/IoT
 Resources management & sustainable
development
 Social entrepreneurship
 Corporate responsibility, ethics &
accountability
 Accounting & Finance
Emerging research technologies/methods
 Business Analytics
◦ Mktg. Fin. HR
 Big Data Profiling
◦ deeper consumer psychology
 Research Automation
◦ data collection, analysis, decision making –
concept/ad-creative testing, brand equity
 AI/ML+ RM
◦ Survey + Video call -> quantitative + qualitative
Emerging research technologies/methods
 Mobile Qualitative
◦ interactive social news feeds, journey mapping,
webcam interviews, video/mobile diaries
 Subconscious Measurement
◦ eye tracking, facial coding, biometric response and
Implicit Reaction Time (IRT)
Scientific method is pursuit of truth by logical
considerations includes
 Experimentation

 Observation

 Analysis

 Logical Arguments/Conclusion

Why Experiment?
To test facts & hypothesis / discover new
relationships
Scientific method is a system where scientists
 Explore data
 Generate and test hypothesis
 Develop new theories
 Confirm or reject earlier results
Characteristics of Scientific method
1. Purposive – has definite purpose

2. Objectivity – relies on objective facts

3. Empirical – based on real observed data/facts

4. Replicable – repeated, validate/verified

5. Systematic – carefully designed, proper sequence

6. Scientific Methods – mathematical & statistical techniques

7. Generalizability – results can be extended to wide population

8. Provisional results – open to critical inquiry

1. Identify and Define a Research Problem
2. Review the relevant Literature
3. Formulate the Research Hypothesis
4. Prepare the Research Design
5. Collect the Data
6. Analysis the Data
7. Draw Conclusions
8. Prepare a Report
 It includes not only traditional science process but
also
◦ Scientific knowledge / method
◦ Scientific reasoning
◦ Critical thinking
◦ Knowledge about inquiry / its rationale
Main assumption
◦ Scientific approach (research process) not accurate for all type
of inquiries
◦ Modern view – questions guide the approach which may vary
widely within and across scientific discipline
 Scientific inquiry may take several research forms-
Exploratory, Descriptive /Diagnostic & Experimental
Scientific inquiry common
 All research/inquiry begins with a question
 We start with a assumed answer – hypothesis
 We collect data which should be consistent/relevant
to question
 Analysis/interpretation of data (evidences) may either
support or oppose the assumption
 Critically analyse the results
 Management Question
◦ Shall we organize extra classes /Employability Enhance
Program - create infrastructure, hire extra faculty?
 Research Question
◦ Does extra classes enhances overall development of students?
 Investigation Question
◦ Is there any correlation between extra study time and marks
obtained? Does extra classes causes enhanced results?
◦ Is there any correlation between EEP classes and marks student
placement? Does EEP classes causes enhanced
placement/higher package?
 It is a document proposing a research project
 Request for sponsorship (finance) of research
 Presented by academicians or business researchers to
institutes, industries, research bodies, governments
 Proposals are evaluated on the basis of costs and its
potential impact / output
 Proposals convince the sponsors about
◦ Goodness /Need of research
◦ You have the necessary knowledge, expertise, skills or
infrastructure to conduct the research
Elements of Research Proposal
 Introduction / background of the study
 Review of Relevant Literature
 Problem Statement
 Significance of Study – Need & Importance
 Research Methodology / Design
 Expected Results / Implications
 Limitations of Study
 Future Research Directions