UNIT - I

QA101: Compare the for, while, and do-while loops.

For Loop: Executes a sequence of statements multiple times and abbreviates the
code that manages the loop variable. Syntax: for(initialization; condition;
increment/decrement) { //code }

While Loop: Repeats a statement or group of statements while a given condition is

true. Syntax: while(condition) { //code }
Do-While Loop: Similar to a while loop, except that it is guaranteed to execute at
least one time. Syntax: do { //code } while(condition);

QA102: Write a program to initialize the value as 7680 & display the value on the
monitor.

c Copy code

#include <stdio.h> int main() { int value = 7680; printf("Value: %d\n",

value); return 0; }

QA103: Illustrate the C Programming Structure.

A typical C program structure includes:

1. Preprocessor Directives: #include<stdio.h>

2. Global Declarations: Variables and constants.
3. Main Function: int main() { //code }
4. User-defined Functions: Custom functions defined by the user.

QA104: Produce the output for the following C program

c Copy code

#include<stdio.h> int main() { int i = 0; for(;;) { printf("%d", i); return 0;

} }

Output Explanation:
The program will print 0 and then terminate because the return 0; statement is inside the
infinite loop, but it executes immediately after the first iteration.
QA105: Write a C program to find area and circumference of circle.

c Copy code

#include <stdio.h> #define PI 3.14159 int main() { float radius, area,

circumference; printf("Enter the radius of the circle: "); scanf("%f",
&radius); area = PI * radius * radius; circumference = 2 * PI * radius;
printf("Area: %.2f\n", area); printf("Circumference: %.2f\n", circumference);
return 0; }

UNIT - II
QA201: Discuss the types of arguments passing in C.

Pass by Value: A copy of the actual parameter is passed to the function.

Pass by Reference: The actual parameter's reference (address) is passed to the
function, allowing direct modification of the original variable.

QA202: Compare the pointer and pointer to pointer variable with suitable example.

Pointer: Holds the address of a variable. Example: int *p;

Pointer to Pointer: Holds the address of a pointer. Example: int **pp;

Example:

c Copy code

#include <stdio.h> int main() { int var = 10; int *p = &var; int **pp = &p;
printf("Value of var: %d\n", var); printf("Address of var: %p\n",
(void*)&var); printf("Value of p (Address of var): %p\n", (void*)p);
printf("Value at *p (Value of var): %d\n", *p); printf("Value of pp (Address
of p): %p\n", (void*)pp); printf("Value at *pp (Value of p): %p\n",
(void*)*pp); printf("Value at **pp (Value of var): %d\n", **pp); return 0; }

QA203: Write a C program to print the address of variable, pointer and pointer value.
(Assume “i” is variable and “p” is pointer )

c Copy code

#include <stdio.h> int main() { int i = 42; int *p = &i; printf("Address of

variable i: %p\n", (void*)&i); printf("Address of pointer p: %p\n",
 (void*)&p); printf("Pointer p holds address: %p\n", (void*)p); printf("Value
pointed to by p: %d\n", *p); return 0; }

QA204: Write a C program to find greatest among three numbers using functions
(Without argument and with return type)

c Copy code

#include <stdio.h> int greatest() { int a, b, c; printf("Enter three numbers:

"); scanf("%d %d %d", &a, &b, &c); if(a > b && a > c) return a; else if(b > c)
return b; else return c; } int main() { int result = greatest(); printf("The
greatest number is: %d\n", result); return 0; }

QA205: Write a C program to multiply two numbers using pointers.

c Copy code

#include <stdio.h> int main() { int a, b, result; int *p1, *p2; printf("Enter
two integers: "); scanf("%d %d", &a, &b); p1 = &a; p2 = &b; result = (*p1) *
(*p2); printf("Multiplication result: %d\n", result); return 0; }

UNIT - III
QA301: Illustrate the Array and how to initialize an array?

Array: A collection of elements of the same type stored in contiguous memory

locations.
Initialization: int array[5] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};

QA302: Determine 3-Dimensional Array and indexing with neat diagram.

3-Dimensional Array: An array of arrays where each element is another array.

Example:

c Copy code

int arr[2][3][4] = { { {1, 2, 3, 4}, {5, 6, 7, 8}, {9, 10, 11, 12} }, { {13,
 14, 15, 16}, {17, 18, 19, 20}, {21, 22, 23, 24} } };

Diagram:

css Copy code

arr[0][0][0] = 1, arr[0][0][1] = 2, ..., arr[0][0][3] = 4 arr[0][1][0] = 5,

..., arr[0][2][3] = 12 arr[1][0][0] = 13, ..., arr[1][2][3] = 24

QA303: Predict the output for the following C program

c Copy code

#include <stdio.h> int main() { int array[5]= {10,30,50,70,80}; int i =

0,n=5,ele=30,j=0; while( j < n) { if( array[j] == ele ) { break; } j = j + 1;
} printf("Found element %d at position %d\n", ele, j+1); return 0; }

Output Explanation:
The program searches for the element 30 in the array and prints its position, which is 2 (1-
based index).

QA304: Create a C program to read n elements as input and print the sum of all
elements of the array (integer).

c Copy code

#include <stdio.h> int main() { int n, i, sum = 0; printf("Enter the number of

elements: "); scanf("%d", &n); int array[n]; printf("Enter the elements: ");
for(i = 0; i < n; i++) { scanf("%d", &array[i]); sum += array[i]; }
printf("Sum of all elements: %d\n", sum); return 0; }

QA305: List the differences between searching and sorting techniques.

Searching: Finding a specific element in a dataset. Examples: Linear Search, Binary

Search.
Sorting: Arranging elements in a particular order (ascending/descending). Examples:
Bubble Sort, Quick Sort.
UNIT - IV
QA401: Define structure with an example.

Structure: A user-defined data type that groups related variables of different data
types.

Example:

c Copy code

#include <stdio.h> struct Student { char name[50]; int age; float marks; };
int main() { struct Student s1 = {"John", 20, 85.5}; printf("Name: %s\n",
s1.name); printf("Age: %d\n", s1.age); printf("Marks: %.2f\n", s1.marks);
return 0; }

QA402: Produce the output for the following program

c Copy code

#include<stdio.h> int main() { struct saveetha { char *ptr; int born; };

struct saveetha l1 = {"nagu", 1981}; printf("%s %d", l1.ptr, l1.born); return
0; }

Output Explanation:
The program initializes a structure with a string and an integer and prints: nagu 1981.

QA403: Define self-referenced structure with an example.

Self-referenced Structure: A structure that includes a pointer to an instance of the

same structure.

Example:

c Copy code

#include <stdio.h> struct Node { int data; struct Node *next; }; int main() {
struct Node node1; node1.data = 10; node1.next = NULL; printf("Data: %d\n",
node1.data); return 0; }

QA404: Predict the output for the following program

 c Copy code

#include<stdio.h> int main() { union test { int i; int j; }; union test var =
{10}; printf("%d,%d\n", var.i, var.j); return 0; }

Output Explanation:
The program initializes the union with a value of 10 and prints: 10,10.

QA405: How can you represent a linked list node in C program?

A linked list node can be represented as:

c Copy code

struct Node { int data; struct Node *next; };

UNIT - V
QA501: Write a program to find sum of two fraction values

c Copy code

#include <stdio.h> struct Fraction { int numerator; int denominator; }; int

main() { struct Fraction f1, f2, result; printf("Enter numerator and
denominator of first fraction: "); scanf("%d %d", &f1.numerator,
&f1.denominator); printf("Enter numerator and denominator of second fraction:
"); scanf("%d %d", &f2.numerator, &f2.denominator); result.numerator =
f1.numerator * f2.denominator + f2.numerator * f1.denominator;
result.denominator = f1.denominator * f2.denominator; printf("Sum of
fractions: %d/%d\n", result.numerator, result.denominator); return 0; }

QA502: Write a C program to find the length of the string “saveetha”.

c Copy code

#include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> int main() { char str[] = "saveetha";

printf("Length of the string: %lu\n", strlen(str)); return 0; }

QA503: Define Conditional Operator with an example?

 Conditional Operator: Also known as the ternary operator, it takes three operands.
Syntax: condition ? expression1 : expression2;

Example:

c Copy code

#include <stdio.h> int main() { int a = 10, b = 20; int max = (a > b) ? a : b;
printf("Max value is: %d\n", max); return 0; }

QA504: Write a C program to concatenate two strings without using strcat() using while
loop.

c Copy code

#include <stdio.h> int main() { char str1[100], str2[50]; int i = 0, j = 0;

printf("Enter first string: "); gets(str1); printf("Enter second string: ");
gets(str2); while(str1[i] != '\0') { i++; } while(str2[j] != '\0') { str1[i] =
str2[j]; i++; j++; } str1[i] = '\0'; printf("Concatenated string: %s\n",
str1); return 0; }

QA505: Write a C program to find the ASCII value of &.

c Copy code

#include <stdio.h> int main() { char ch = '&'; printf("The ASCII value of %c

is %d\n", ch, ch); return 0; }

This should cover the provided questions for the units. Let me know if you need further
assistance!