ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Semester IV

Course Code BAD402 CIE Marks 50

Teaching Hours/Week (L:T:P: S) 3:0:2:0 SEE Marks 50
Total Hours of Pedagogy 40 hours Theory + 8-10 Lab slots Total Marks 100
Credits 04 Exam Hours
Examination nature (SEE) Theory/

Course objectives:
● Gain a historical perspective of AI and its foundations.
● Become familiar with basic principles of AI toward problem solving
● Get to know approaches of inference, perception, knowledge representation, and learning

Teaching-Learning Process (General Instructions)

These are sample Strategies, which teachers can use to accelerate the attainment of the various course
outcomes.
1. Lecturer methods (L) need not to be only traditional lecture method, but alternative effective
teaching methods could be adopted to attain the outcomes.
2. Use of Video/Animation to explain functioning of various concepts.
3. Encourage collaborative (Group Learning) Learning in the class.
4. Ask at least three HOT (Higher order Thinking) questions in the class, which promotes critical
thinking.
5. Adopt Problem Based Learning (PBL), which fosters students’ Analytical skills, develop design
thinking skills such as the ability to design, evaluate, generalize, and analyze information rather
than simply recall it.
6. Introduce Topics in manifold representations.
7. Demonstrate ways to solve the same problem and encourage the students to come up with their
own creative solutions.
8. Discuss application of every concept to solve the real world problems.

MODULE-1
Introduction: What is AI? Foundations and History of AI Intelligent Agents: Agents and
environment, Concept of Rationality, The nature of environment, The structure of agents.
Text book 1: Chapter 1- 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 Chapter 2- 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4
MODULE-2
Problem‐solving: Problem‐solving agents, Example problems, Searching for Solutions
Uninformed Search Strategies: Breadth First search, Depth First Search, Iterative deepening depth
first search;

Text book 1: Chapter 3- 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4

MODULE-3

@# 16032024
 Informed Search Strategies: Heuristic functions, Greedy best first search, A*search. Heuristic Functions
Logical Agents: Knowledge–based agents, The Wumpus world, Logic, Propositional logic, Reasoning
patterns in Propositional Logic

Text book 1: Chapter 3-3.5,3.6

Chapter 4 – 4.1, 4.2 Chapter 7- 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5
MODULE-4
First Order Logic: Representation Revisited, Syntax and Semantics of First Order logic, Using First Order
logic. Inference in First Order Logic :Propositional Versus First Order Inference, Unification, Forward
Chaining, Backward Chaining, Resolution

Text book 1: Chapter 8- 8.1, 8.2, 8.3 Chapter 9- 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5

MODULE-5
Uncertain Knowledge and Reasoning: Quantifying Uncertainty: Acting under Uncertainty, Basic
Probability Notation, Inference using Full Joint Distributions, Independence, Baye’s Rule and its use.
Wumpus World Revisited
Expert Systems: Representing and using domain knowledge, ES shells. Explanation, knowledge acquisition
Text Book 1: Chapter 13-13.1, 13.2, 13.3, 13.4, 13.5, 13.6
Text Book 2: Chapter 20

PRACTICAL COMPONENT OF IPCC(May cover all / major modules)

NOTE: Programs need to be implemented in python
Sl.N Experiments
O
1 Implement and Demonstrate Depth First Search Algorithm on Water Jug Problem

2 Implement and Demonstrate Best First Search Algorithm on Missionaries-Cannibals Problems using
Python

3 Implement A* Search algorithm

4 Implement AO* Search algorithm

5 Solve 8-Queens Problem with suitable assumptions

6 Implementation of TSP using heuristic approach

7 Implementation of the problem solving strategies: either using Forward Chaining or Backward
Chaining
8
Implement resolution principle on FOPL related problems

9 Implement Tic-Tac-Toe game using Python

@# 16032024
 10 Build a bot which provides all the information related to text in search box

11 Implement any Game and demonstrate the Game playing strategies

Course outcomes (Course Skill Set):

At the end of the course, the student will be able to:

CO1: Apply knowledge of agent architecture, searching and reasoning techniques for different
applications.
CO 2. Compare various Searching and Inferencing Techniques.
CO 3. Develop knowledge base sentences using propositional logic and first order logic
CO 4. Describe the concepts of quantifying uncertainty.
CO5: Use the concepts of Expert Systems to build applications.
Assessment Details (both CIE and SEE)
The weightage of Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE) is 50% and for Semester End Exam (SEE) is 50%. The
minimum passing mark for the CIE is 40% of the maximum marks (20 marks out of 50) and for the SEE
minimum passing mark is 35% of the maximum marks (18 out of 50 marks). A student shall be deemed to
have satisfied the academic requirements and earned the credits allotted to each subject/ course if the student
secures a minimum of 40% (40 marks out of 100) in the sum total of the CIE (Continuous Internal Evaluation)
and SEE (Semester End Examination) taken together.

CIE for the theory component of the IPCC (maximum marks 50)
● IPCC means practical portion integrated with the theory of the course.
● CIE marks for the theory component are 25 marks and that for the practical component is 25 marks.
● 25 marks for the theory component are split into 15 marks for two Internal Assessment Tests (Two Tests,
each of 15 Marks with 01-hour duration, are to be conducted) and 10 marks for other assessment methods
mentioned in 22OB4.2. The first test at the end of 40-50% coverage of the syllabus and the second test
after covering 85-90% of the syllabus.
● Scaled-down marks of the sum of two tests and other assessment methods will be CIE marks for the theory
component of IPCC (that is for 25 marks).
● The student has to secure 40% of 25 marks to qualify in the CIE of the theory component of IPCC.
CIE for the practical component of the IPCC

● 15 marks for the conduction of the experiment and preparation of laboratory record, and 10 marks for the
test to be conducted after the completion of all the laboratory sessions.
● On completion of every experiment/program in the laboratory, the students shall be evaluated including
viva-voce and marks shall be awarded on the same day.
● The CIE marks awarded in the case of the Practical component shall be based on the continuous evaluation
of the laboratory report. Each experiment report can be evaluated for 10 marks. Marks of all experiments’
write-ups are added and scaled down to 15 marks.
● The laboratory test (duration 02/03 hours) after completion of all the experiments shall be conducted for
50 marks and scaled down to 10 marks.
● Scaled-down marks of write-up evaluations and tests added will be CIE marks for the laboratory
component of IPCC for 25 marks.

@# 16032024
 ● The student has to secure 40% of 25 marks to qualify in the CIE of the practical component of the IPCC.
SEE for IPCC
Theory SEE will be conducted by University as per the scheduled timetable, with common question papers for
the course (duration 03 hours)
1. The question paper will have ten questions. Each question is set for 20 marks.
2. There will be 2 questions from each module. Each of the two questions under a module (with a maximum
of 3 sub-questions), should have a mix of topics under that module.
3. The students have to answer 5 full questions, selecting one full question from each module.
4. Marks scoredby the student shall be proportionally scaled down to 50 Marks
The theory portion of the IPCC shall be for both CIE and SEE, whereas the practical portion will have a
CIE component only. Questions mentioned in the SEE paper may include questions from the practical
component.
Suggested Learning Resources:
Text Books
1. Stuart J. Russell and Peter Norvig , Artificial Intelligence, 3rd Edition, Pearson,2015
2. Elaine Rich, Kevin Knight, Artificial Intelligence, 3rd edition,Tata McGraw Hill,2013

Reference:
1. George F Lugar, Artificial Intelligence Structure and strategies for complex, Pearson Education, 5th
Edition, 2011
2. Nils J. Nilsson, Principles of Artificial Intelligence, Elsevier, 1980
3. Saroj Kaushik, Artificial Intelligence, Cengage learning, 2014
Web links and Video Lectures (e-Resources)
1. https://www.kdnuggets.com/2019/11/10-free-must-read-books-ai.html
2. https://www.udacity.com/course/knowledge-based-ai-cognitive-systems--ud409
3. https://nptel.ac.in/courses/106/105/106105077/

Activity Based Learning (Suggested Activities in Class)/ Practical Based learning

1. Group discussion on Real world examples
2. Project based learning
3. Simple strategies on gaming, reasoning and uncertainty etc

@# 16032024