SIDDHARTH UNIVERSITY KAPILVASTU SIDDHARTHNAGAR

SIDDHARTH UNIVERSITY, KAPILVASTU

SIDDHARTH NAGAR

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
COMMON MINIMUM CURRICULAM

FOR UNIVERSITY CAMPUS AND AFFILIATED COLLEGE

(संशो धत, 24 जुलाई 2023 पा य म स म त)

National Education Policy -2020

Common Minimum Syllabus for all U.P. State Universities

 SIDDHARTH UNIVERSITY KAPILVASTU SIDDHARTHNAGAR

Syllabus for B.Sc.

SUBJECT: PHYSICS
SEMESTER WISE TITLES OF THE PAPERS OF PHYSICS AS MAJOR SUBJECT IN B.Sc. PROGRAM
YEAR COURSE PAPER TITLE THEORY/ CREDITS MAX.
CODE PRACTICAL MARKS
SEMESTER-I
B010101T MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS AND THEORY 4 50
NEWTONIAN MECHANICS
FIRST B010102P PRACTICAL PRACTICAL 2 25

SEMESTER-II
B010201T THERMAL PHYSICS & THEORY 4 50
SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
B010202P PRACTICAL PRACTICAL 2 25
SEMESTER-III
B010301T ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY & THEORY 4 50
COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
B010302P PRACTICAL PRACTICAL 2 25
SECOND
SEMESTER-IV
B010401T PERSPECTIVES OF MODERN THEORY 4 50
PHYSICS & MODERN OPTICS
B010402P PRACTICAL PRACTICAL 2 25

SEMESTER-V
B010501T CLASSICAL & STATISTICAL THEORY 6 75
MECHANICS
B010502T DIGITAL ELECTRONICS & THEORY 4 50
MICROPROCESSOR
THIRD B010503P PRACTICAL PRACTICAL 2 25

SEMESTER-VI
B010601T QUANTUM PHYSICS & THEORY 6 75
SPECTROSCOPY
B010602T SOLID STATE & NUCLEAR PHYSICS THEORY 4 50
B010603P PRACTICAL PRACTICAL 2 25
 SIDDHARTH UNIVERSITY KAPILVASTU SIDDHARTHNAGAR
Marking distribution out of 100: 25 Marks: Assessment, Attendance & Mid Semester Test
25 Marks: External Practical exam
50 Marks: Theory Paper

PROGRAMME OUTCOMES (POs)

The practical value of science for productivity, for raising the standard of living of the people is surely recognized.
Science as a power, which provides tools for effective action for the benefit of mankind or for conquering the forces
of Nature or for developing resources, is surely highlighted everywhere. Besides the utilitarian aspect, the value of
Science, lies in the fun called intellectual enjoyment. Science teaches the value of rational thought as well as
importance of freedom of thought.
Our teaching so far has been aimed more at formal knowledge and understanding instead of training and application
oriented. Presently, the emphasis is more on training, application and to some extent on appreciation,the fostering
in the pupils of independent thinking and creativity. Surely, teaching has to be more objective based. The process of
application based training, whether we call it a thrill or ability, is to be emphasized as much as thecontent.
Physics is a basic science; it attempts to explain the natural phenomenon in as simple a manner as possible. It is an
intellectual activity aimed at interpreting the Multiverse. The starting point of all physics lies in experience.
Experiment, whether done outside or in the laboratory, is an important ingredient of learning physics and hence the
present programme integrates six experimental physics papers focusing on various aspects of modern technology
based equipments. With all the limitations imposed (even the list of experiments as given in the syllabus) if the spirit
of discovery by investigation is kept in mind, much of the thrill can be experienced.

1. The main aim of this programme is to help cultivate the love for Nature and its manifestations, to transmit
the methods of science (the contents are only the means) to observe things around, to generalize, to do
intelligent guessing, to formulate a theory & model, and at the same time, to hold an element of doubt
and thereby to hope to modify it in terms of future experience and thus to practice a pragmatic outlook.
2. The programme intends to nurture the proficiency in functional areas of Physics, which is in line with
the international standards, aimed at realizing the goals towards skilled India.
3. Keeping the application oriented training in mind; this programme aims to give students the competence
in the methods and techniques of theoretical, experimental and computational aspects of Physics so as to
achieve an overall understanding of the subject for holistic development. This will cultivate in specific
application oriented training leading to their goals of employment.
4. The Bachelor’s Project (Industrial Training / Survey / Dissertation) is intended to give an essence of
research work for excellence in explicit areas. It integrates with specific job requirements / opportunities
and provides a foundation for Bachelor (Research) Programmes.
 SIDDHARTH UNIVERSITY KAPILVASTU SIDDHARTHNAGAR

PROGRAMME SPECIFIC OUTCOMES (PSOs)

 This programme aims to give students the competence in the methods and techniques of
FIRST YEAR
calculations using Newtonian Mechanics and Thermodynamics. At the end of the course
the students are expected to have hands on experience in modeling, implementation and
calculation of physical quantities of relevance.
 An introduction to the field of Circuit Fundamentals and Basic Electronics which deals with
the physics and technology of semiconductor devices is practically useful and gives the
students an insight in handling electrical and electronic instruments.
 Experimental physics has the most striking impact on the industry wherever the instruments
are used. The industries of electronics, telecommunication and instrumentation will
specially recognize this course.
 This programme aims to introduce the students with Electromagnetic Theory and
SECOND
Relativistic Mechanics. Electromagnetic Wave Propagation serves as a basis for all
YEAR
communication systems and deals with the physics and technology of semiconductor
optoelectronic devices. These are becoming important components in consumer
Optoelectronics, IT and Communication devices, and in industrialinstrumentation.
 The need of Optical instruments and Lasers is surely highlighted everywhere and at the end
of the course the students are expected to get acquaint with applications of Lasers in
technology.
 Companies and R&D Laboratories working on Electromagnetic properties, Laser
Applications, Optoelectronics and Communication Systems are expected to value this
course.
 This programme contains very important aspects of modern day course curriculum, namely,
THIRD YEAR
Classical, Quantum and Statistical computational tools required in the calculation of
physical quantities of relevance in interacting many body problems in physics. It introduces
the branches of Solid State Physics and Nuclear Physics that are going to be of utmost
importance to both undergraduate and graduate level. Proficiency in this area will attract
demand in research and industrial establishments engaged in activities involving
applications of these fields.
 This course amalgamates the comprehensive knowledge of Digital Electronics and
Microprocessor. Itpresents an integrated approach to hardware and software in context of
the 8085 microprocessor.
 Present course will attract immense recognition in R&D sectors and in the entire cutting
edge technology based industry.

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 SIDDHARTH UNIVERSITY KAPILVASTU SIDDHARTHNAGAR

B.Sc. I (SEMESTER-I) PAPER-I

MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS & NEWTONIAN MECHANICS

Programme: B.Sc. Year: First Semester: First

Subject: Physics

Course Code: B010101T Course Title: MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS & NEWTONIAN MECHANICS

Course Outcomes (COs)

1. Recognize the difference between scalars, vectors, pseudo-scalars and pseudo-vectors.

2. Understand the physical interpretation of gradient, divergence and curl.
3. Comprehend the difference and connection between Cartesian, spherical and cylindrical coordinate systems.
4. Know the meaning of 4-vectors, Kronecker delta and Epsilon (Levi Civita) tensors.
5. Study the origin of pseudo forces in rotating frame.
6. Study the response of the classical systems to external forces and their elastic deformation.
7. Understand the dynamics of planetary motion and the working of Global Positioning System (GPS).
8. Comprehend the different features of Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM) and wave propagation.

Credits: 4 Core Compulsory / Elective

Max. Marks: 25+50 Min. Passing Marks: As per UGC/ University CBCS norm.
Total No. of Lectures-Tutorials-Practical (in hours per week): L-T-P: 4-0-0
No. of
Unit Topics
Lectures
Introduction to Indian ancient Physics and contribution of Indian Physicists,
in context with the holistic development of modern science and technology,
should be included under Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE).
PART A
BASIC MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS
Vector Calculus
Geometrical and physical interpretation of vector differentiation, Gradient, Divergence and Curl
II and their significance. Vector integration, Line, Surface (flux) and Volume integrals of vector fields. 8
Gradient theorem, Gauss-divergence theorem, Stoke-curl theorem, Greens theorem and
Helmholtz theorem (statement only). Introduction to Dirac delta function.
Coordinate Systems
2D & 3D Cartesian, Spherical and Cylindrical coordinate systems, basis vectors, transformation
III equations. Expressions for displacement vector, arc length, area element, volume element, gradient, 8
divergence and curl in different coordinate systems. Components of velocity and acceleration in
different coordinate systems. Examples of non-inertial coordinate system and pseudo-acceleration.
Introduction to Tensors
Principle of invariance of physical laws w.r.t. different coordinate systems as the basis for defining
tensors. Coordinate transformations for general spaces of nD, contravariant, covariant & mixed 7
IV
tensors and their ranks, 4-vectors. Index notation and summation convention. Symmetric and skew-
symmetric tensors. Invariant tensors, Kronecker delta and Epsilon (Levi Civita) tensors. Examples
of tensors in physics.

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 SIDDHARTH UNIVERSITY KAPILVASTU SIDDHARTHNAGAR

PART B
NEWTONIAN MECHANICS & WAVE MOTION
Dynamics of a System of Particles
Review of historical development of mechanics up to Newton. Background, statement and critical
V analysis of Newton’s axioms of motion. Dynamics of a system of particles, centre of mass motion, 8
and conservation laws & their deductions. Rotating frames of reference, general derivation of origin
of pseudo forces (Euler, Coriolis & centrifugal) in rotating frame, and effects of Coriolis force.
Dynamics of a Rigid Body
Angular momentum, Torque, Rotational energy and the inertia tensor. Rotational inertia for simple
VI bodies (ring, disk, rod, solid and hollow sphere, solid and hollow cylinder, rectangular lamina). The 8
combined translational and rotational motion of a rigid body on horizontal and inclined planes.
Elasticity, relations between elastic constants, bending of beam and torsion of cylinder.
Motion of Planets & Satellites
Two particle central force problem, reduced mass, relative and centre of mass motion. Newton’s
VII law of gravitation, gravitational field and gravitational potential. Kepler’s laws of planetary motion 7
and their deductions. Motions of geo-synchronous & geo-stationary satellites and basic idea of
Global Positioning System (GPS).
Wave Motion
Differential equation of simple harmonic motion and its solution, use of complex notation, damped
and forced oscillations, Quality factor. Composition of simple harmonic motion, Lissajous figures.
VIII 7
Differential equation of wave motion. Plane progressive waves in fluid media, reflection of waves
and phase change, pressure and energy distribution. Principle of superposition of waves, stationary
waves, phase and group velocity.
Suggested Readings

PART A
1. Murray Spiegel, Seymour Lipschutz, Dennis Spellman, “Schaum’s Outline Series: Vector Analysis”, McGraw
Hill, 2017, 2e
2. Shanti Narayan, P.K. Mittal, “A Text Book of Vector Analysis”, S. Chand Publishing, 2010
3. Shanti Narayan, P.K. Mittal, “A Text Book of Vector Calculus”, S. Chand Publishing, 1987, 4e
PART B
1. Charles Kittel, Walter D. Knight, Malvin A. Ruderman, Carl A. Helmholz, Burton J. Moyer, “Mechanics (In SI
Units): Berkeley Physics Course Vol 1”, McGraw Hill, 2017, 2e
2. Richard P. Feynman, Robert B. Leighton, Matthew Sands, “The Feynman Lectures on Physics - Vol. 1”,
Pearson Education Limited, 2012
3. Hugh D. Young and Roger A. Freedman, “Sears & Zemansky's University Physics with Modern Physics”,

UG Physics Syllabus {Page 6 of 39}

 SIDDHARTH UNIVERSITY KAPILVASTU SIDDHARTHNAGAR

Pearson Education Limited, 2017, 14e

4. D.S. Mathur, P.S. Hemne, “Mechanics”, S. Chand Publishing, 1981, 3e

Suggestive Digital Platforms / Web Links

1. MIT Open Learning - Massachusetts Institute of Technology, https://openlearning.mit.edu/
2. National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL), https://www.youtube.com/user/nptelhrd
3. Uttar Pradesh Higher Education Digital Library, http://heecontent.upsdc.gov.in/SearchContent.aspx
4. Swayam Prabha - DTH Channel, https://www.swayamprabha.gov.in/index.php/program/current_he/8
Suggested Continuous Evaluation Methods (Max. Marks: 25)
S.No. Assessment Type Max. Marks
1 Test / Quiz / Assignment / Seminar /Research Orientation assignment 20
2 Class interaction 05
Suggested Equivalent Online Courses
1. Coursera, https://www.coursera.org/browse/physical-science-and-engineering/physics-and-astronomy
2. edX, https://www.edx.org/course/subject/physics
3. MIT Open Course Ware - Massachusetts Institute of Technology, https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/physics/
4. Swayam - Government of India, https://swayam.gov.in/explorer?category=Physics
5. National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL), https://nptel.ac.in/course.html
Further Suggestions
 In End-Semester University Examinations, equal weightage should be given to Part A (units I to IV) and Part
B (units V to VIII) while framing the questions.

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 SIDDHARTH UNIVERSITY KAPILVASTU SIDDHARTHNAGAR
B.Sc. I (SEMESTER-I) PAPER-II
PRACTICAL
Programme: B.Sc. Year: First Semester: First

Subject: Physics
Course Code: B010102P Course Title: PRACTICAL

Course Outcomes (COs)

Experimental physics has the most striking impact on the industry wherever the instruments are used to determine the
mechanical properties. Measurement precision and perfection is achieved through Lab Experiments. Online Virtual Lab
Experiments give an insight in simulation techniques and provide a basis for modeling.
Credits: 2 Core Compulsory / Elective

Max. Marks: 25 Min. Passing Marks: As per UGC/ University CBCS norm.
Total No. of Lectures-Tutorials-Practical (in hours per week): L-T-P: 0-0-4
No. of
Unit Topics
Lectures
Lab Experiment List
1. Moment of inertia of a flywheel
2. Moment of inertia of an irregular body by inertia table
3. Modulus of rigidity by statistical method (Barton’s apparatus)
4. Modulus of rigidity by dynamical method (sphere / disc / Maxwell’s needle)
5. Young’s modulus by bending of beam
6. Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio by Searle’s method
7. Poisson’s ratio of rubber by rubber tubing
8. Surface tension of water by capillary rise method
9. Surface tension of water by Jaeger’s method
10. Coefficient of viscosity of water by Poiseuille’s method
11. Acceleration due to gravity by bar pendulum
12. Frequency of AC mains by Sonometer
13. Height of a building by Sextant
60
14. Study the wave form of an electrically maintained tuning fork / alternating current
sourcewith the help of cathode ray oscilloscope.
Online Virtual Lab Experiment List / Link
Virtual Labs at Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham
https://vlab.amrita.edu/?sub=1&brch=74
1. Torque and angular acceleration of a fly wheel
2. Torsional oscillations in different liquids
3. Moment of inertia of flywheel
4. Newton's second law of motion
5. Ballistic pendulum
6. Collision balls
7. Projectile motion
8. Elastic and inelastic collision

B.Sc. I (SEMESTER-II) PAPER-I

UG Physics Syllabus {Page 8 of 39}
 SIDDHARTH UNIVERSITY KAPILVASTU SIDDHARTHNAGAR
THERMAL PHYSICS & SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES

Programme: B.Sc. Year: First Semester: Second

Subject: Physics

Course Code: B010201T Course Title: THERMAL PHYSICS & SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES

Course Outcomes (COs)

1. Recognize the difference between reversible and irreversible processes.

2. Understand the physical significance of thermodynamical potentials.
3. Comprehend the kinetic model of gases w.r.t. various gas laws.
4. Study the implementations and limitations of fundamental radiation laws.
5. Utility of AC bridges.
6. Recognize the basic components of electronic devices.
7. Design simple electronic circuits.
8. Understand the applications of various electronic instruments.

Credit: 4 Core Compulsory / Elective

Max. Marks: 25+50 Min. Passing Marks: As per UGC/ University CBCS norm.
Total No. of Lectures-Tutorials-Practical (in hours per week): L-T-P: 4-0-0
No. of
Unit Topics
Lectures
PART A
THERMODYNAMICS & KINETIC THEORY OF GASES
0th & 1st Law of Thermodynamics
State functions and terminology of thermodynamics. Zeroth law and temperature. First law, internal
I energy, heat and work done. Work done in various thermodynamical processes. Enthalpy, relation 8
between CP and CV. Carnot’s engine, efficiency and Carnot’s theorem. Efficiency of internal
combustion engines (Otto and diesel).
2nd & 3rd Law of Thermodynamics
Different statements of second law, Clausius inequality, entropy and its physical significance.
Entropy changes in various thermodynamical processes. Third law of thermodynamics and
II 8
unattainability of absolute zero. Thermodynamical potentials, Maxwell’s relations, conditions for
feasibility of a process and equilibrium of a system. Clausius- Clapeyron equation, Joule-Thompson
effect.
Kinetic Theory of Gases
Kinetic model and deduction of gas laws. Derivation of Maxwell’s law of distribution of
III 7
velocities and its experimental verification. Degrees of freedom, law of equipartition of energy
(no derivation) and its application to specific heat of gases (mono, di and poly atomic).
Theory of Radiation
Blackbody radiation, spectral distribution, concept of energy density and pressure of radiation.
IV 7
Derivation of Planck's law, deduction of Wien’s distribution law, Rayleigh-Jeans law, Stefan-
Boltzmann law and Wien’s displacement law from Planck’s law.

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PART B
CIRCUIT FUNDAMENTALS & SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
DC & AC Circuits
Growth and decay of currents in RL circuit. Charging and discharging of capacitor in RC, LC and
V RCL circuits. Network Analysis - Superposition, Reciprocity, Thevenin’s and Norton’s theorems. AC 6
Bridges - measurement of inductance (Maxwell’s, Owen’s and Anderson’s bridges) and
measurement of capacitance (Schering’s, Wein’s and de Sauty’s bridges).
Semiconductors & Diodes
P and N type semiconductors, qualitative idea of Fermi level. Formation of depletion layer in PN
junction diode, field & potential at the depletion layer. Qualitative idea of current flow mechanism
in forward & reverse biased diode. Diode fabrication. PN junction diode and its characteristics,
VI 9
static and dynamic resistance. Principle, structure, characteristics and applications of Zener, Tunnel,
Light Emitting, Point Contact and Photo diodes. Half and Full wave rectifiers, calculation of ripple
factor, rectification efficiency and voltage regulation. Basic idea about filter circuits and voltage
regulated power supply.
Transistors
Bipolar Junction PNP and NPN transistors. Study of CB, CE & CC configurations w.r.t.
VII characteristics; active, cutoff & saturation regions; current gains & relations between them. DC Load 9
Line analysis and Q-point stabilisation. Voltage Divider bias circuit for CE amplifier.
Qualitative discussion of RC coupled voltage amplifier.
Electronic Instrumentation
Multimeter: Principles of measurement of dc voltage, dc current, ac voltage, ac current and resistance.
Specifications of a multimeter and their significance.
VIII Cathode Ray Oscilloscope: Block diagram of basic CRO. Construction of CRT, electron gun, 6
electrostatic focusing and acceleration (no mathematical treatment). Front panel controls, special
features of dual trace CRO, specifications of a CRO and their significance. Applications of CRO to
study the waveform and measurement of voltage, current, frequency & phase difference.

Suggested Readings

PART A
1. M.W. Zemansky, R. Dittman, “Heat and Thermodynamics”, McGraw Hill, 1997, 7e
2. F.W. Sears, G.L. Salinger, “Thermodynamics, Kinetic theory & Statistical thermodynamics”, Narosa Publishing
House, 1998
3. Enrico Fermi, “Thermodynamics”, Dover Publications, 1956
4. S. Garg, R. Bansal, C. Ghosh, “Thermal Physics”, McGraw Hill, 2012, 2e
5. Meghnad Saha, B.N. Srivastava, “A Treatise on Heat”, Indian Press, 1973, 5e

PART B
1. B.G. Streetman, S.K. Banerjee, “Solid State Electronic Devices”, Pearson Education India, 2015, 7e
2. W.D. Stanley, “Electronic Devices: Circuits and Applications”, Longman Higher Education, 1989
3. J.D. Ryder, “Electronic Fundamentals and Applications”, Prentice-Hall of India Private Limited, 1975, 5e
4. S.L. Gupta, V. Kumar, “Hand Book of Electronics”, Pragati Prakashan, Meerut, 2016, 43e

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 SIDDHARTH UNIVERSITY KAPILVASTU SIDDHARTHNAGAR

Suggestive Digital Platforms / Web Links

1. MIT Open Learning - Massachusetts Institute of Technology, https://openlearning.mit.edu/
2. National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL), https://www.youtube.com/user/nptelhrd
3. Uttar Pradesh Higher Education Digital Library, http://heecontent.upsdc.gov.in/SearchContent.aspx
4. Swayam Prabha - DTH Channel, https://www.swayamprabha.gov.in/index.php/program/current_he/8
Suggested Continuous Evaluation Methods (Max. Marks: 25)
S.No. Assessment Type Max. Marks
1 Test / Quiz / Assignment / Seminar /Research Orientation assignment 20
2 Class interaction 05
Suggested Equivalent Online Courses
1. Coursera, https://www.coursera.org/browse/physical-science-and-engineering/physics-and-astronomy
2. edX, https://www.edx.org/course/subject/physics
3. MIT Open Course Ware - Massachusetts Institute of Technology, https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/physics/
4. Swayam - Government of India, https://swayam.gov.in/explorer?category=Physics
5. National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL), https://nptel.ac.in/course.html
Further Suggestions
 In End-Semester University Examinations, equal weightage should be given to Part A (units I to IV) and Part
B (units V to VIII) while framing the questions.

UG Physics Syllabus {Page 11 of 39}

 SIDDHARTH UNIVERSITY KAPILVASTU SIDDHARTHNAGAR
B.Sc. I (SEMESTER-II) PAPER-II
PRACTICAL
Programme: B.Sc. Year: First Semester: Second
Subject: Physics
Course Code: B010202P Course Title: PRACTICAL

Course Outcomes (COs)

Experimental physics has the most striking impact on the industry wherever the instruments are used to determine
the thermal and electronic properties. Measurement precision and perfection is achieved through Lab Experiments.
Online Virtual Lab Experiments give an insight in simulation techniques and provide a basis for modeling.
Credits: 2 Core Compulsory / Elective

Max. Marks: 25 Min. Passing Marks: As per UGC/ University CBCS norm.
Total No. of Lectures-Tutorials-Practical (in hours per week): L-T-P: 0-0-4
No. of
Unit Topics
Lectures
Lab Experiment List
1. Mechanical Equivalent of Heat by Callender and Barne’s method
2. Coefficient of thermal conductivity of copper by Searle’s apparatus
3. Coefficient of thermal conductivity of rubber
4. Coefficient of thermal conductivity of a bad conductor by Lee and Charlton’s disc method
5. Value of Stefan’s constant
6. Verification of Stefan’s law
7. Variation of thermo-emf across two junctions of a thermocouple with temperature
8. Temperature coefficient of resistance by Platinum resistance thermometer
9. Charging and discharging in RC and RCL circuits
10. A.C. Bridges: Various experiments based on measurement of L and C
11. Resonance in series and parallel RCL circuit
12. PN Junction, Zener and LED diode characteristics
13. Half wave and full wave rectifiers
14. Characteristics of a transistor (PNP and NPN) in CE, CB and CC configurations
60
15. Frequency response of RC coupled amplifier
16. Handling of Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (CRO)
Online Virtual Lab Experiment List / Link
Virtual Labs at Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham
https://vlab.amrita.edu/?sub=1&brch=194
1. Heat transfer by radiation
2. Heat transfer by conduction
3. Heat transfer by natural convection
4. The study of phase change
5. Black body radiation: Determination of Stefan's constant
6. Newton's law of cooling
7. Lee's disc apparatus
8. Thermo-couple: Seebeck effects

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 SIDDHARTH UNIVERSITY KAPILVASTU SIDDHARTHNAGAR

Virtual Labs an initiative of MHRD Govt. of India

http://vlabs.iitkgp.ernet.in/be/index.html#
1. Familiarisation with resistor
2. Familiarisation with capacitor
3. Familiarisation with inductor
4. Ohm's Law
5. VI characteristics of a diode
6. Half & Full wave rectification
7. Capacitative rectification
8. Zener Diode voltage regulator
9. BJT common emitter characteristics
10. BJT common base characteristics
11. Studies on BJT CE amplifier
12. RC frequency response
Suggested Readings
1. B.L. Worsnop, H.T. Flint, “Advanced Practical Physics for Students”, Methuen & Co., Ltd., London, 1962, 9e
2. S. Panigrahi, B. Mallick, “Engineering Practical Physics”, Cengage Learning India Pvt. Ltd., 2015, 1e
3. S.L. Gupta, V. Kumar, “Practical Physics”, Pragati Prakashan, Meerut, 2014, 2e
Suggestive Digital Platforms / Web Links
1. Virtual Labs at Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, https://vlab.amrita.edu/?sub=1&brch=194
2. Virtual Labs an initiative of MHRD Govt. of India, http://vlabs.iitkgp.ernet.in/be/index.html#
3. Digital platforms of other virtual labs
Suggested Continuous Evaluation Methods (Max. Marks: 25)
S.No. Assessment Type Max. Marks
1 Record File 15
2 Viva voce 05
3 Class interaction 05
Further Suggestions
 The institution may add / modify / change the experiments of the same standard in the subject.
 The institution may suggest a minimum number of experiments (say 6) to be performed by each student per
semester from the Lab Experiment List.
 The institution may suggest a minimum number of experiments (say 3) to be performed by each student per
semester from the Online Virtual Lab Experiment List / Link.

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 SIDDHARTH UNIVERSITY KAPILVASTU SIDDHARTHNAGAR
B.Sc. II (SEMESTER-III) PAPER-I
ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY & COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

Programme: B.Sc. Year: Second Semester: Third

Subject: Physics

Course Code: B010301T Course Title: ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY & COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

Course Outcomes (COs)

1. Better understanding of electrical and magnetic phenomenon in daily life.
2. To troubleshoot simple problems related to electrical devices.
3. Comprehend the powerful applications of ballistic galvanometer.
4. Study the fundamental physics behind reflection and refraction of light (electromagnetic waves).
5. Understand the various components and features of a general communication system.
6. Recognize the importance of amplitude modulation and demodulation.
7. Insight in basics and properties of frequency and phase modulation.
8. Comprehend the theory and working of optical fibers along with its applications.
Credits: 4 Core Compulsory / Elective

Max. Marks: 25+50 Min. Passing Marks: As per UGC/ University CBCS norm.
Total No. of Lectures-Tutorials-Practical (in hours per week): L-T-P: 4-0-0
No. of
Unit Topics
Lectures
PART A
ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY
Electrostatics
Electric charge & charge densities, electric force between two charges. General expression for
Electric field in terms of volume charge density (divergence & curl of Electric field), general
I 8
expression for Electric potential in terms of volume charge density and Gauss law (applications
included). Study of electric dipole. Electric fields in matter, polarization, auxiliary field D (Electric
displacement), electric susceptibility and permittivity.
Magnetostatics
Electric current & current densities, magnetic force between two current elements. General expression
for Magnetic field in terms of volume current density (divergence and curl of Magnetic field), General
II expression for Magnetic potential in terms of volume current density and Ampere’s circuital law 8
(applications included). Study of magnetic dipole (Gilbert & Ampere model). Magnetic fields in
matter, magnetisation, auxiliary field H, magnetic susceptibility and
permeability.
Time Varying Electromagnetic Fields
Faraday's laws of electromagnetic induction and Lenz's law. Displacement current, equation of
III continuity and Maxwell-Ampere’s circuital law. Self and mutual induction (applications included). 7
Derivation and physical significance of Maxwell’s equations. Theory and working of moving coil
ballistic galvanometer (applications included).

UG Physics Syllabus {Page 14 of 39}

 SIDDHARTH UNIVERSITY KAPILVASTU SIDDHARTHNAGAR

Electromagnetic Waves
Electromagnetic energy density and Poynting vector. Plane electromagnetic waves in linear infinite
IV dielectrics, homogeneous & inhomogeneous plane waves and dispersive & non-dispersive media. 7
Reflection and refraction of homogeneous plane electromagnetic waves, law of reflection, Snell’s
law, Fresnel’s formulae (only for normal incidence & optical frequencies) and Stoke’s law.
PART B
COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS & INTRODUCTION TO FIBER OPTICS
Communication System
Introduction and Block diagram. Components of Communication System - amplifier, transmitter,
V 7
channel receiver and band spectrum modulation. Types of modulation, modulation factor & its
importance. Forms of modulation.
Basics of Amplitude Modulation
Modulation-index, frequency spectrum, generation of AM (balanced modulator, collector
VI 8
modulator). Amplitude Demodulation (diode detector), Double Side Band Suppressed Carrier
(DSBSC) generation, Single Side Band Suppressed Carrier (SSBSC) generation.
Introduction to Angle Modulation
General Frequency & Phase modulation, frequency spectrum, bandwidth requirement, Frequency &
VII 7
Phase Deviation, Modulation index, equivalence between FM & PM, Generation of FM and FM
detector.
Introduction to Fiber Optics
Basics of Fiber Optics, step index fiber, graded index fiber, light propagation through an optical
VIII 8
fiber, acceptance angle & numerical aperture, intermodal dispersion losses and applications of
optical fibers.
Suggested Readings
PART A
1. D.J. Griffiths, “Introduction to Electrodynamics”, Prentice-Hall of India Private Limited, 2002, 3e
2. E.M. Purcell, “Electricity and Magnetism (In SI Units): Berkeley Physics Course Vol 2”, McGraw Hill, 2017,2e
3. Richard P. Feynman, Robert B. Leighton, Matthew Sands, “The Feynman Lectures on Physics - Vol. 2”,
Pearson Education Limited, 2012
4. D.C. Tayal, “Electricity and Magnetism”, Himalaya Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., 2019, 4e
PART B
1. M.S. Roden, “Analog and Digital Communication Systems”, Discovery Press, 2003, 5e
2. D. Roddy, J. Coolen, “Electronic Communications”, Pearson Education Limited, 2008, 4e
3. Jeffrey S. Beasley, Gary M. Miller, “Modern Electronic Communication”, Pearson Education Limited, 2007, 9e
4. W. Schweber, “Electronic Communication Systems: A Complete Course”, Pearson Education Limited, 2001, 4e
5. John M. Senior, “Optical Fiber Communications: Principles and Practice”, Pearson Education Limited, 2010, 3e
6. John Wilson, John Hawkes, “Optoelectronics: Principles and Practice”, Pearson Education Limited, 2018, 3e
Suggestive Digital Platforms / Web Links

1. MIT Open Learning - Massachusetts Institute of Technology, https://openlearning.mit.edu/

2. National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL), https://www.youtube.com/user/nptelhrd
3. Uttar Pradesh Higher Education Digital Library, http://heecontent.upsdc.gov.in/SearchContent.aspx
4. Swayam Prabha - DTH Channel, https://www.swayamprabha.gov.in/index.php/program/current_he/8

UG Physics Syllabus {Page 15 of 39}

 SIDDHARTH UNIVERSITY KAPILVASTU SIDDHARTHNAGAR

Suggested Continuous Evaluation Methods (Max. Marks: 25)

S.No. Assessment Type Max. Marks
1 Test / Quiz / Assignment / Seminar /Research Orientation assignment 20
2 Class interaction 05
Suggested Equivalent Online Courses
1. Coursera, https://www.coursera.org/browse/physical-science-and-engineering/physics-and-astronomy
2. edX, https://www.edx.org/course/subject/physics
3. MIT Open Course Ware - Massachusetts Institute of Technology, https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/physics/
4. Swayam - Government of India, https://swayam.gov.in/explorer?category=Physics
5. National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL), https://nptel.ac.in/course.html
Further Suggestions
 In End-Semester University Examinations, equal weightage should be given to Part A (units I to IV) and Part
B (units V to VIII) while framing the questions.

UG Physics Syllabus {Page 16 of 39}

 SIDDHARTH UNIVERSITY KAPILVASTU SIDDHARTHNAGAR
B.Sc. II (SEMESTER-III) PAPER-II
PRACTICAL
Programme: B.Sc. Year: Second Semester: Third

Subject: Physics
Course Code: B010302P Course Title: PRACTICAL

Course Outcomes (COs)

Experimental physics has the most striking impact on the industry wherever the instruments are used to determine
the electric and magnetic properties. Measurement precision and perfection is achieved through Lab Experiments.
Online Virtual Lab Experiments give an insight in simulation techniques and provide a basis for modeling.
Credits: 2 Core Compulsory / Elective

Max. Marks: 25 Min. Passing Marks: As per UGC/ University CBCS norm.
Total No. of Lectures-Tutorials-Practical (in hours per week): L-T-P: 0-0-4
No. of
Unit Topics
Lectures
Lab Experiment List
1. Variation of magnetic field along the axis of single coil
2. Variation of magnetic field along the axis of Helmholtz coil
3. Ballistic Galvanometer: Ballistic constant, current sensitivity and voltage sensitivity
4. Ballistic Galvanometer: High resistance by Leakage method
5. Ballistic Galvanometer: Low resistance by Kelvin’s double bridge method
6. Ballistic Galvanometer: Self-inductance of a coil by Rayleigh’s method
7. Ballistic Galvanometer: Comparison of capacitances
8. Carey Foster Bridge: Resistance per unit length and low resistance
9. Deflection and Vibration Magnetometer: Magnetic moment of a magnet and horizontal
component of earth’s magnetic field
10. Earth Inductor: Horizontal component of earth’s magnetic field
60
Online Virtual Lab Experiment List / Link
Virtual Labs at Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham
https://vlab.amrita.edu/?sub=1&brch=192
1. Tangent galvanometer
2. Magnetic field along the axis of a circular coil carrying current
3. Deflection magnetometer
4. Van de Graaff generator
5. Barkhausen effect
6. Temperature coefficient of resistance
7. Anderson's bridge
8. Quincke's method

Suggested Readings
1. B.L. Worsnop, H.T. Flint, “Advanced Practical Physics for Students”, Methuen & Co., Ltd., London, 1962, 9e
2. S. Panigrahi, B. Mallick, “Engineering Practical Physics”, Cengage Learning India Pvt. Ltd., 2015, 1e
3. S.L. Gupta, V. Kumar, “Practical Physics”, Pragati Prakashan, Meerut, 2014, 2e

UG Physics Syllabus {Page 17 of 39}

 SIDDHARTH UNIVERSITY KAPILVASTU SIDDHARTHNAGAR

Suggestive Digital Platforms / Web Links

1. Virtual Labs at Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, https://vlab.amrita.edu/?sub=1&brch=192
2. Digital platforms of other virtual labs
Suggested Continuous Evaluation Methods (Max. Marks: 25)
S.No. Assessment Type Max. Marks
1 Record File 15
2 Viva voce 05
3 Class interaction 05
Further Suggestions
 The institution may add / modify / change the experiments of the same standard in the subject.
 The institution may suggest a minimum number of experiments (say 6) to be performed by each student per
semester from the Lab Experiment List.
 The institution may suggest a minimum number of experiments (say 3) to be performed by each student per
semester from the Online Virtual Lab Experiment List / Link.

UG Physics Syllabus {Page 18 of 39}

 SIDDHARTH UNIVERSITY KAPILVASTU SIDDHARTHNAGAR
B.Sc. II (SEMESTER-IV) PAPER-I
PERSPECTIVES OF MODERN PHYSICS & MODERN OPTICS

Programme: B.Sc. Year: Second Semester: Fourth

Subject: Physics
Course Code: B010401T Course Title: PERSPECTIVES OF MODERN PHYSICS & MODERN
OPTICS
Course Outcomes (COs)
1. Recognize the difference between the structure of space & time in Newtonian & Relativistic mechanics.
2. Understand the physical significance of consequences of Lorentz transformation equations.
3. Comprehend the wave-particle duality.
4. Develop an understanding of the foundational aspects of Quantum Mechanics.
5. Study the working and applications of Michelson and Fabry-Perot interferometers.
6. Recognize the difference between Fresnel’s and Fraunhofer’s class of diffraction.
7. Comprehend the use of polarimeters.
8. Study the characteristics and uses of lasers.
Credits: 4 Core Compulsory / Elective

Max. Marks: 25+50 Min. Passing Marks: As per UGC/ University CBCS norm.
Total No. of Lectures-Tutorials-Practical (in hours per week): L-T-P: 4-0-0
No. of
Unit Topics
Lectures
PART A
PERSPECTIVES OF MODERN PHYSICS
Relativity-Experimental Background
Structure of space & time in Newtonian mechanics and inertial & non-inertial frames. Galilean
I transformations. Newtonian relativity. Galilean transformation and Electromagnetism. Attempts to 7
locate the Absolute Frame: Michelson-Morley experiment and significance of the null result.
Einstein’s postulates of special theory of relativity.
Relativity-Relativistic Kinematics
Structure of space & time in Relativistic mechanics and derivation of Lorentz transformation
equations (4-vector formulation included). Consequences of Lorentz Transformation Equations
(derivations & examples included): Transformation of Simultaneity (Relativity of simultaneity);
II 9
Transformation of Length (Length contraction); Transformation of Time (Time dilation);
Transformation of Velocity (Relativistic velocity addition); Transformation of Acceleration;
Transformation of Mass (Variation of mass with velocity). Relation between Energy & Mass
(Einstein’s mass & energy relation) and Energy & Momentum.
Inadequacies of Classical Mechanics
Particle Properties of Waves: Spectrum of Black Body radiation, Photoelectric effect, Compton
III effect and their explanations based on Max Planck’s Quantum hypothesis. 7
Wave Properties of Particles: Louis de Broglie’s hypothesis of matter waves and their experimental
verification by Davisson-Germer’s experiment and Thomson’s experiment.

UG Physics Syllabus {Page 19 of 39}

 SIDDHARTH UNIVERSITY KAPILVASTU SIDDHARTHNAGAR
Introduction to Quantum Mechanics
Matter Waves: Mathematical representation, Wavelength, Concept of Wave group, Group (particle)
IV velocity, Phase (wave) velocity and relation between Group & Phase velocities. 7
Wave Function: Functional form, Normalisation of wave function, Orthogonal & Orthonormal
wave functions and Probabilistic interpretation of wave function based on Born Rule.
PART B
PHYSICAL OPTICS & LASERS
Interference
Conditions for interference and spatial & temporal coherence. Division of Wavefront -
V Fresnel’s 8
Biprism and Lloyd’s Mirror. Division of Amplitude - Parallel thin film, wedge shaped film
andNewton’s Ring experiment. Interferometer - Michelson and Fabry-Perot.
Diffraction
Distinction between interference and diffraction. Fresnel’s and Fraunhofer’s class of diffraction.
VI Fresnel’s Half Period Zones and Zone plate. Fraunhofer diffraction at a single slit, n slits and 8
Diffracting Grating. Resolving Power of Optical Instruments - Rayleigh’s criterion and resolving
power of telescope, microscope & grating.
Polarisation
Polarisation by dichronic crystals, birefringence, Nicol prism, retardation plates and Babinet’s
VII 7
compensator. Analysis of polarized light. Optical Rotation - Fresnel’s explanation of optical
rotation and Half Shade & Biquartz polarimeters.
Lasers
Characteristics and uses of Lasers. Quantitative analysis of Spatial and Temporal coherence.
VIII 7
Conditions for Laser action and Einstein’s coefficients. Three and four level laser systems
(qualitative discussion).
Suggested Readings
PART A
1. A. Beiser, Shobhit Mahajan, “Concepts of Modern Physics: Special Indian Edition”, McGraw
Hill, 2009, 6e
2. John R. Taylor, Chris D. Zafiratos, Michael A.Dubson, “Modern Physics for Scientists and
Engineers”,Prentice-Hall of India Private Limited, 2003, 2e
3. R.A. Serway, C.J. Moses, and C.A. Moyer, “Modern Physics”, Cengage Learning India Pvt.
Ltd, 2004, 3e
4. R. Resnick, “Introduction to Special Relativity”, Wiley India Private Limited, 2007
5. R. Murugeshan, Kiruthiga Sivaprasath, “Modern Physics”, S. Chand Publishing, 2019, 18e

PART B
1. Francis A. Jenkins, Harvey E. White, “Fundamentals of Optics”, McGraw Hill, 2017, 4e
2. Samuel Tolansky, “An Introduction to Interferometry”, John Wiley & Sons Inc., 1973, 2e
3. A. Ghatak, “Optics”, McGraw Hill, 2017, 6e

Suggestive Digital Platforms / Web Links

1. MIT Open Learning - Massachusetts Institute of Technology, https://openlearning.mit.edu/

2. National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL),
https://www.youtube.com/user/nptelhrd
3. Uttar Pradesh Higher Education Digital Library,
http://heecontent.upsdc.gov.in/SearchContent.aspx
4. Swayam Prabha - DTH Channel,
https://www.swayamprabha.gov.in/index.php/program/current_he/8
UG Physics Syllabus {Page 20 of 39}
 SIDDHARTH UNIVERSITY KAPILVASTU SIDDHARTHNAGAR

Suggested Continuous Evaluation Methods (Max. Marks: 25)

S.No. Assessment Type Max. Marks
1 Test / Quiz / Assignment / Seminar /Research Orientation assignment 20
2 Class interaction 05
Suggested Equivalent Online Courses
1. Coursera, https://www.coursera.org/browse/physical-science-and-engineering/physics-and-
astronomy
2. edX, https://www.edx.org/course/subject/physics
3. MIT Open Course Ware - Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/physics/
4. Swayam - Government of India, https://swayam.gov.in/explorer?category=Physics
5. National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL),
https://nptel.ac.in/course.html
Further Suggestions
 In End-Semester University Examinations, equal weightage should be given to Part A (units
I to IV) and Part
B (units V to VIII) while framing the questions.

UG Physics Syllabus {Page 21 of 39}

 SIDDHARTH UNIVERSITY KAPILVASTU SIDDHARTHNAGAR
B.Sc. II (SEMESTER-IV) PAPER-II
PRACTICAL
Programme: B.Sc. Year: Second Semester: Fourth

Subject: Physics

Course Code: B010402P Course Title: PRACTICAL

Course Outcomes (COs)

Experimental physics has the most striking impact on the industry wherever the instruments are used to determine
the optical properties. Measurement precision and perfection is achieved through Lab Experiments. Online Virtual
Lab Experiments give an insight in simulation techniques and provide a basis for modeling.
Credits: 2 Core Compulsory / Elective

Max. Marks: 25 Min. Passing Marks: As per UGC/ University CBCS norm.
Total No. of Lectures-Tutorials-Practical (in hours per week): L-T-P: 0-0-4
No. of
Unit Topics
Lectures
Lab Experiment List
1. Fresnel Biprism: Wavelength of sodium light
2. Fresnel Biprism: Thickness of mica sheet)
3. Newton’s Rings: Wavelength of sodium light
4. Newton’s Rings: Refractive index of liquid
5. Plane Diffraction Grating: Resolving power
6. Plane Diffraction Grating: Spectrum of mercury light
7. Spectrometer: Refractive index of the material of a prism using sodium light
8. Spectrometer: Dispersive power of the material of a prism using mercury light
9. Polarimeter: Specific rotation of sugar solution
10. Wavelength of Laser light using diffraction by single slit 60
Online Virtual Lab Experiment List / Link
Virtual Labs at Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham
https://vlab.amrita.edu/?sub=1&brch=189

1. Michelson's Interferometer
2. Michelson's Interferometer: Wavelength of laser beam
3. Newton's Rings: Wavelength of light
4. Newton's Rings: Refractive index of liquid
5. Brewster’s angle determination
6. Laser beam divergence and spot size
Suggested Readings
1. B.L. Worsnop, H.T. Flint, “Advanced Practical Physics for Students”, Methuen & Co., Ltd., London, 1962, 9e
2. S. Panigrahi, B. Mallick, “Engineering Practical Physics”, Cengage Learning India Pvt. Ltd., 2015, 1e
3. S.L. Gupta, V. Kumar, “Practical Physics”, Pragati Prakashan, Meerut, 2014, 2e

UG Physics Syllabus {Page 22 of 39}

 SIDDHARTH UNIVERSITY KAPILVASTU SIDDHARTHNAGAR

Suggestive Digital Platforms / Web Links

1. Virtual Labs at Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, https://vlab.amrita.edu/?sub=1&brch=189
2. Digital platforms of other virtual labs

Suggested Continuous Evaluation Methods (Max. Marks: 25)

S.No. Assessment Type Max. Marks
1 Record File 15
2 Viva voce 05
3 Class interaction 05
Further Suggestions
 The institution may add / modify / change the experiments of the same standard in the subject.
 The institution may suggest a minimum number of experiments (say 6) to be performed by each student per
semester from the Lab Experiment List.
 The institution may suggest a minimum number of experiments (say 3) to be performed by each student per
semester from the Online Virtual Lab Experiment List / Link.

UG Physics Syllabus {Page 23 of 39}

 SIDDHARTH UNIVERSITY KAPILVASTU SIDDHARTHNAGAR
B.Sc. III (SEMESTER-V) PAPER-I
CLASSICAL & STATISTICAL MECHANICS
Programme: B.Sc. Year: Third Semester: Fifth

Subject: Physics

Course Code: B010501T Course Title: CLASSICAL & STATISTICAL MECHANICS

Course Outcomes (COs)

1. Understand the concepts of generalized coordinates and D’Alembert’s principle.
2. Understand the Lagrangian dynamics and the importance of cyclic coordinates.
3. Comprehend the difference between Lagrangian and Hamiltonian dynamics.
4. Study the important features of central force and its application in Kepler’s problem.
5. Recognize the difference between macrostate and microstate.
6. Comprehend the concept of ensembles.
7. Understand the classical and quantum statistical distribution laws.
8. Study the applications of statistical distribution laws.
Credits: 4 Core Compulsory / Elective

Max. Marks: 25+75 Min. Passing Marks: As per UGC/ University CBCS norm.
Total No. of Lectures-Tutorials-Practical (in hours per week): L-T-P: 6-0-0
No. of
Unit Topics
Lectures
PART A
INTRODUCTION TO CLASSICAL MECHANICS
Constrained Motion
Constraints - Definition, Classification and Examples. Degrees of Freedom and Configuration space.
I Constrained system, Forces of constraint and Constrained motion. Generalised coordinates, 6
Transformation equations and Generalised notations & relations. Principle of Virtual work and
D’Alembert’s principle.
Lagrangian Formalism
Lagrangian for conservative & non-conservative systems, Lagrange’s equation of motion (no
II derivation), Comparison of Newtonian & Lagrangian formulations, Cyclic coordinates, and 8
Conservation laws (with proofs and properties of kinetic energy function included). Simple
examples based on Lagrangian formulation.
Hamiltonian Formalism
Phase space, Hamiltonian for conservative & non-conservative systems, Physical significance of
III Hamiltonian, Hamilton’s equation of motion (no derivation), Comparison of Lagrangian & 7
Hamiltonian formulations, Cyclic coordinates, and Construction of Hamiltonian from Lagrangian.
Simple examples based on Hamiltonian formulation.
Central Force
Definition and properties (with prove) of central force. Equation of motion and differential equation
IV of orbit. Bound & unbound orbits, stable & non-stable orbits, closed & open orbits and Bertrand’s 8
theorem. Motion under inverse square law of force and derivation of Kepler’s laws. Laplace-Runge-
Lenz vector (Runge-Lenz vector) and its applications.
Canonical Transformation
V Canonical transformation, generating functions, properties, group properties, examples, infinitesimal 7
generators, Poisson brackets, Poisson theorems, angular momentum, PBs small oscillation.
UG Physics Syllabus {Page 24 of 39}
 SIDDHARTH UNIVERSITY KAPILVASTU SIDDHARTHNAGAR
PART B
INTRODUCTION TO STATISTICAL MECHANICS
Macrostate & Microstate
Macrostate, Microstate, Number of accessible microstates and Postulate of equal a priori. Phase
VI 7
space, Phase trajectory, Volume element in phase space, Quantisation of phase space and number of
accessible microstates for free particle in 1D, free particle in 3D & harmonic oscillator in 1D.
Concept of Ensemble
Problem with time average, concept of ensemble, postulate of ensemble average and Liouville’s
VII 7
theorem (proof included). Micro Canonical, Canonical & Grand Canonical ensembles.
Thermodynamic Probability, Postulate of Equilibrium and Boltzmann Entropy relation.
Statistical Distribution Laws
Statistical Distribution Laws: Expressions for number of accessible microstates, probability &
VIII number of particles in ith state at equilibrium for Maxwell-Boltzmann, Bose-Einstein & Fermi- Dirac 7
statistics. Comparison of statistical distribution laws and their physical significance
Canonical Distribution Law
Boltzmann’s Canonical Distribution Law, Boltzmann’s Partition Function, Proof of Equipartition
IX Theorem (Law of Equipartition of energy) and relation between Partition function and 6
Thermodynamic potentials.
Applications of Statistical Distribution Laws
Application of Bose-Einstein Distribution Law: Photons in a black body cavity and derivation of
Planck’s Distribution Law.
X 9
Application of Fermi-Dirac Distribution Law: Free electrons in a metal, Definition of Fermi energy,
Determination of Fermi energy at absolute zero, Kinetic energy of Fermi gas at absolute zero and
concept of Density of States (Density of Orbitals).
Suggested Readings
PART A
1. Herbert Goldstein, Charles P. Poole, John L. Safko, “Classical Mechanics”, Pearson Education,
India, 2011, 3e
2. N.C. Rana, P.S. Joag, “Classical Mechanics”, McGraw Hill, 2017
3. R.G. Takwale, P.S. Puranik, “Introduction to Classical Mechanics”, McGraw Hill, 2017
PART B
1. F. Reif, “Statistical Physics (In SI Units): Berkeley Physics Course Vol 5”, McGraw Hill, 2017,
1e
2. B.B. Laud, “Fundamentals of Statistical Mechanics”, New Age International Private Limited,
2020, 2e
3. B.K. Agarwal, M. Eisner, “Statistical Mechanics”, New Age International Private Limited,
2007, 2e
Suggestive Digital Platforms / Web Links
1. MIT Open Learning - Massachusetts Institute of Technology, https://openlearning.mit.edu/
2. National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL),
https://www.youtube.com/user/nptelhrd
3. Uttar Pradesh Higher Education Digital Library,
http://heecontent.upsdc.gov.in/SearchContent.aspx
4. Swayam Prabha - DTH Channel,
https://www.swayamprabha.gov.in/index.php/program/current_he/8

Suggested Continuous Evaluation Methods (Max. Marks: 25)

S.No. Assessment Type Max. Marks
UG Physics Syllabus {Page 25 of 39}
 SIDDHARTH UNIVERSITY KAPILVASTU SIDDHARTHNAGAR

1 Test / Quiz / Assignment / Seminar /Research Orientation assignment 20

2 Class interaction 05
Suggested Equivalent Online Courses
1. Coursera, https://www.coursera.org/browse/physical-science-and-engineering/physics-and-astronomy
2. edX, https://www.edx.org/course/subject/physics
3. MIT Open Course Ware - Massachusetts Institute of Technology, https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/physics/
4. Swayam - Government of India, https://swayam.gov.in/explorer?category=Physics
5. National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL), https://nptel.ac.in/course.html
Further Suggestions
 In End-Semester University Examinations, equal weightage should be given to Part A (units I to IV) and Part
B (units V to VIII) while framing the questions.

UG Physics Syllabus {Page 26 of 39}

 SIDDHARTH UNIVERSITY KAPILVASTU SIDDHARTHNAGAR
B.Sc. III (SEMESTER-V) PAPER-II
DIGITAL ELECTRONICS & MICROPROCESSOR
Programme: B.Sc. Year: Third Semester: Fifth

Subject: Physics

Course Code: B010502T Course Title: DIGITAL ELECTRONICS & MICROPROCESSOR

Course Outcomes (COs)

1. nderstand various number systems and binary codes.
2. Familiarize with binary arithmetic.
3. Study the working and properties of various logic gates.
4. Comprehend the design of combinational and sequential circuits.
5. Learn the basics of microprocessor architecture.
6. Study the 8085 BUS organization.
7. Comprehend the Memory and I/O Interfacing.
8. Develop the technique of programming in 8085.
Credits: 4 Core Compulsory / Elective

Max. Marks: 25+50 Min. Passing Marks: As per UGC/ University CBCS norm.
Total No. of Lectures-Tutorials-Practical (in hours per week): L-T-P: 4-0-0
No. of
Unit Topics
Lectures
PART A
DIGITAL ELECTRONICS
Number System
Number Systems: Binary, Octal, Decimal & Hexadecimal number systems and their inter
I conversion. 7
Binary Codes: BCD, Excess-3 (XS3), Parity, Gray, ASCII & EBCDIC Codes and their advantages
& disadvantages. Data representation.
Binary Arithmetic
II Binary Addition, Decimal Subtraction using 9’s & 10’s complement, Binary Subtraction using 1’s 6
& 2’s compliment, Multiplication and Division.
Logic Gates
III Truth Table, Symbolic Representation and Properties of NOT, AND, OR, NOR, NAND, EX-OR & 8
EX- NOR Gates. NOR and NAND Gates as Universal Gates. Boolean Algebra. Karnough Map.
Combinational & Sequential Circuits
Combinational Circuits: Half Adder, Full Adder, Parallel Adder, Half Substractor, Full Substractor,
IV 9
Multiplexer, Demultiplexer.
Sequential Circuits: Flip-Flop, Counters and Sequential Circuits.
PART B
MICROPROCESSOR
Microprocessor Architecture
Evolution of microprocessors and microprocessor architecture. Features and PIN diagram of 8085
V Microprocessor. Address Bus & Multiplexed Address / Data Bus, Control and Status Signals, Power- 6
supply and Clock frequency, externally initiated signals including Interrupts Serial I/O Ports
and Block diagram of 8085 microprocessor.

UG Physics Syllabus {Page 27 of 39}

 SIDDHARTH UNIVERSITY KAPILVASTU SIDDHARTHNAGAR

8085 BUS Organization

8085 BUS organization and 8085 registers. Microprocessor operations - Microprocessor initiated
operations, Internal data operations and Externally initiated operations. Microprocessor
VI 7
Communication & Bus Timings, De-multiplexing the Bus AD7 to AD0, Generating Control Signals,
8085 Machine Cycles & Bus Timings, Opcode Fetch Machine Cycle and Memory Read
Machine Cycle.
Memory & I/O Interfacing
Memory and I/O Interfacing. Memory classifications, Flip-Flop or Latch as a storage element,
Memory Map and Addresses Memory Instruction. Fetch Memory Interfacing - Memory structure &
VII 8
its requirements, basic concepts in Memory Interfacing circuits, Address Decoding and Memory
Addresses. Input & Output Devices - I/Os with 8-Bit Addresses, I/Os with 16-Bit Addresses, Logic
devices for Interfacing and Tri-State devices.
Programming in 8085
Instruction set and Programming techniques. Instruction Formats - Single Byte, Two Bytes & Three
Bytes instructions and Opcode format. Instruction Timings & Operation Status, DATA Transfer
VIII operations, Arithmetic operations, Logic operations, Branch operations, Stack, I/O & Machine 9
Control instructions, Looping, Counting & Indexing Counter, Timing delays, Stack & Subroutines,
Code conversion, BCD Arithmetic operations and 16 Bit data operations. How to write an assemble
language program and execute a simple program.
Suggested Readings
PART A
1. D. Leach, A. Malvino, Goutam Saha, “Digital Principles and Applications”, McGraw Hill, 2010, 7e
2. William H. Gothmann, “Digital Electronics: An Introduction to Theory and Practice”, Prentice-Hall of India
Private Limited, 1982, 2e
3. R.P. Jain, “Modern Digital Electronics”, McGraw Hill, 2009, 4e

PART B
1. Ramesh S. Gaonkar, “Microprocessor Architecture, Programming and Applications with the 8085”, Penram
International Publishing, 2013, 6e
2. B. Ram, “Fundamentals of Microprocessors and Microcontrollers”, Dhanpat Rai Publications, NewDelhi, 2012
3. Dr. D.K. Kaushik, “An Introduction to 8085”, Dhanpat Rai Publications, NewDelhi, 2012

Suggestive Digital Platforms / Web Links

1. MIT Open Learning - Massachusetts Institute of Technology, https://openlearning.mit.edu/
2. National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL), https://www.youtube.com/user/nptelhrd
3. Uttar Pradesh Higher Education Digital Library, http://heecontent.upsdc.gov.in/SearchContent.aspx
4. Swayam Prabha - DTH Channel, https://www.swayamprabha.gov.in/index.php/program/current_he/8

Suggested Continuous Evaluation Methods (Max. Marks: 25)

S.No. Assessment Type Max. Marks
1 Test / Quiz / Assignment / Seminar /Research Orientation assignment 20
2 Class interaction 05

UG Physics Syllabus {Page 28 of 39}

 SIDDHARTH UNIVERSITY KAPILVASTU SIDDHARTHNAGAR

Suggested Equivalent Online Courses

1. Coursera, https://www.coursera.org/browse/physical-science-and-engineering/physics-and-astronomy
2. edX, https://www.edx.org/course/subject/physics
3. MIT Open Course Ware - Massachusetts Institute of Technology, https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/physics/
4. Swayam - Government of India, https://swayam.gov.in/explorer?category=Physics
5. National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL), https://nptel.ac.in/course.html
Further Suggestions
 In End-Semester University Examinations, equal weightage should be given to Part A (units I to IV) and Part
B (units V to VIII) while framing the questions.

UG Physics Syllabus {Page 29 of 39}

 SIDDHARTH UNIVERSITY KAPILVASTU SIDDHARTHNAGAR
B.Sc. III (SEMESTER-V) PAPER-III
PRACTICAL
Programme: B.Sc. Year: Third Semester: Fifth

Subject: Physics
Course Code: B010503P Course Title: PRACTICAL

Course Outcomes (COs)

Electronic instrumentation has the most striking impact on the industry wherever the digital instruments are used to
study and determine the electronic properties. Measurement precision and perfection is achieved through Lab
Experiments. Online Virtual Lab Experiments give an insight in simulation techniques and provide a basis for
modeling.
Credits: 2 Core Compulsory / Elective

Max. Marks: 25 Min. Passing Marks: As per UGC/ University CBCS norm.
Total No. of Lectures-Tutorials-Practical (in hours per week): L-T-P: 0-0-4
No. of
Unit Topics
Lectures
Lab Experiment List
1. Study and Verification of AND gate using TTL IC 7408
2. Study and Verification of OR gate using TTL IC 7432
3. Study and Verification of NAND gate and use as Universal gate using TTL IC 7400
4. Study and Verification of NOR gate and use as Universal gate using TTL IC 7402
5. Study and Verification of NOT gate using TTL IC 7404
6. Study and Verification of Ex-OR gate using TTL IC 7486
7. Basic Programming (Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication and Division) using 8085
microprocessor
Online Virtual Lab Experiment List / Link
Virtual Labs an initiative of MHRD Govt. of India
https://de-iitr.vlabs.ac.in/List%20of%20experiments.html
1. Verification and interpretation of truth table for AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, Ex-OR,
Ex-NOR gates 60
2. Construction of half and full adder using XOR and NAND gates and verification of its
operation
3. To study and verify half and full subtractor
4. Realization of logic functions with the help of Universal Gates (NAND, NOR)
5. Construction of a NOR gate latch and verification of its operation
6. Verify the truth table of RS, JK, T and D Flip Flops using NAND and NOR gates
7. Design and Verify the 4-Bit Serial In - Parallel Out Shift Registers
8. Implementation and verification of decoder or demultiplexer and encoder using logic gates
9. Implementation of 4x1 multiplexer and 1x4 demultiplexer using logic gates
10. Design and verify the 4-Bit Synchronous or Asynchronous Counter using JK Flip Flop
11. Verify Binary to Gray and Gray to Binary conversion using NAND gates only
12. Verify the truth table of 1-Bit and 2-Bit comparator using logic gates

UG Physics Syllabus {Page 30 of 39}

 SIDDHARTH UNIVERSITY KAPILVASTU SIDDHARTHNAGAR

Virtual Labs an initiative of MHRD Govt. of India

http://209.211.220.205/vlabiitece/mi/labsMI.php
1. Write a Program Using 8085 & verify for:
a. Addition of Two 8-Bit Numbers
b. Addition of Two 16-Bit Numbers (with carry)
2. Write a Program Using 8085 & verify for:
a. Subtraction of Two 8-Bit Numbers (display of barrow)
b. Subtraction of Two 16-Bit Numbers (display of barrow)
3. Write a Program Using 8085 & test for typical data:
a. Multiplication of Two 8-Bit Numbers by Bit Rotation Method
b. Division of Two 8-Bit Numbers by Repeated Subtraction Method
4. Write a Program Using 8085 for finding Square Root of a Number & verify
5. Write a Program to Move a Block of Data Using 8085 & verify
6. Write a Program to Arrange Number in Ascending Order Using 8085 & verify
7. Write a Program to Check Number of 1’s and 0’s in Given Number Using 8085 & verify
8. Write a Program to Find GCD Of Two Numbers Using 8085 & verify
9. Write a Program to Find LCM Of Two Numbers Using 8085 & verify
10. Write a Program to Add ‘N’ Two Digit BCD Numbers Using 8085 & verify

Suggested Readings
1. D. Leach, A. Malvino, Goutam Saha, “Digital Principles and Applications”, McGraw Hill, 2010, 7e
2. William H. Gothmann, “Digital Electronics: An Introduction to Theory and Practice”, Prentice-Hall of India
Private Limited, 1982, 2e
3. R.P. Jain, “Modern Digital Electronics”, McGraw Hill, 2009, 4e
4. Ramesh S. Gaonkar, “Microprocessor Architecture, Programming and Applications with the 8085”, Penram
International Publishing, 2013, 6e
5. B. Ram, “Fundamentals of Microprocessors and Microcontrollers”, Dhanpat Rai Publications, NewDelhi, 2012
6. Dr. D.K. Kaushik, “An Introduction to 8085”, Dhanpat Rai Publications, NewDelhi, 2012

Suggestive Digital Platforms / Web Links

1. Virtual Labs an initiative of MHRD Govt. of India, https://de-iitr.vlabs.ac.in/List%20of%20experiments.html
2. Virtual Labs an initiative of MHRD Govt. of India, http://209.211.220.205/vlabiitece/mi/labsMI.php
3. Digital platforms of other virtual labs

Suggested Continuous Evaluation Methods (Max. Marks: 25)

S.No. Assessment Type Max. Marks
1 Record File 15
2 Viva voce 05
3 Class interaction 05
Further Suggestions
 The institution may add / modify / change the experiments of the same standard in the subject.
 The institution may suggest a minimum number of experiments (say 6) to be performed by each student per
semester from the Lab Experiment List.
 The institution may suggest a minimum number of experiments (say 3) to be performed by each student per
semester from the Online Virtual Lab Experiment List / Link.

UG Physics Syllabus {Page 31 of 39}

 SIDDHARTH UNIVERSITY KAPILVASTU SIDDHARTHNAGAR
B.Sc. III (SEMESTER-VI) PAPER-I
QUANTUM PHYSICS & SPECTROSCOPY
Programme: B.Sc. Year: Third Semester: Sixth

Subject: Physics

Course Code: B010601T Course Title: QUANTUM PHYSICS & SPECTROSCOPY

Course Outcomes (COs)

1. Understand the significance of operator formalism in Quantum mechanics.

2. Study the eigen and expectation value methods.
3. Understand the basis and interpretation of Uncertainty principle.
4. Develop the technique of solving Schrodinger equation for 1D and 3D problems.
5. Comprehend the success of Vector atomic model in the theory of Atomic spectra.
6. Study the different aspects of spectra of Group I & II elements.
7. Study the production and applications of X-rays.
8. Develop an understanding of the fundamental aspects of Molecular spectra.

Credits: 4 Core Compulsory / Elective

Max. Marks: 25+75 Min. Passing Marks: As per UGC/ University CBCS norm.
Total No. of Lectures-Tutorials-Practical (in hours per week): L-T-P: 6-0-0
No. of
Unit Topics
Lectures
PART A
INTRODUCTION TO QUANTUM MECHANICS
Operator Formalism
Operators: Review of matrix algebra, definition of an operator, special operators, operator algebra
and operators corresponding to various physical-dynamical variables.
I 6
Commutators: Definition, commutator algebra and commutation relations among position, linear
momentum & angular momentum and energy & time. Simple problems based on commutation
relations.
Eigen & Expectation Values
Eigen & Expectation Values: Eigen equation for an operator, eigen state (value) and eigen functions.
Linear superposition of eigen functions and Non-degenerate & Degenerate eigen states. Expectation
II 6
value pertaining to an operator and its physical interpretation.
Hermitian Operators: Definition, properties and applications. Prove of the hermitian nature of
various physical-dynamical operators.
Uncertainty Principle
Uncertainty Principle: Commutativity &simultaneity (theorems with proofs). Non commutativity of
operators as the basis for uncertainty principle and derivation of general form of uncertainty principle
through Schwarz inequality. Uncertainty principle for various conjugate pairs of physical-dynamical
III 8
parameters and its applications.

UG Physics Syllabus {Page 32 of 39}

 SIDDHARTH UNIVERSITY KAPILVASTU SIDDHARTHNAGAR
Schrodinger Equation and Operators
Schrodinger Equation: Derivation of time independent & time dependent forms, Schrodinger
equation as an eigen equation, Deviation & interpretation of equation of continuity in Schrodinger 8
IV representation and Equation of motion of an operator in Schrodinger representation. linear operators,
product of two operators, commuting and non-commuting operator.
Applications of Schrodinger Equation
Application to 1D Problems: Infinite Square well potential (Particlein1Dbox), Finite Square well
V potential, Potential step, Rectangular potential barrier and 1D Harmonic oscillator.
Application to 3D Problems: Infinite Square well potential (Particle in a 3D box) and the Hydrogen atom 8
(radial distribution function and radial probability included).
(Direct solutions of Hermite, Associated Legendre and Associated Laguerre differential equations
to be substituted).
PART B
INTRODUCTION TO SPECTROSCOPY
Vector Atomic Model
Inadequacies of Bohr and Bohr-Sommerfeld atomic models w.r.t. spectrum of Hydrogen atom (fine
structure of H-alpha line). Modification due to finite mass of nucleus and Deuteron spectrum.
VI Vector atomic model (Stern-Gerlach experiment included) and physical & geometrical interpretations 9
of various quantum numbers for single & many valence electron systems. LS & jj couplings,
spectroscopic notation for energy states, selection rules for transition of electrons and
intensity rules for spectral lines. Fine structure of H-alpha line on the basis of vector atomic model.
Spectra of Alkali & Alkaline Elements
Spectra of alkali elements: Screening constants for s, p, d & f orbitals; sharp, principle, diffuse &
VII 6
fundamental series; doublet structure of spectra and fine structure of Sodium D line.
Spectra of alkaline elements: Singlet and triplet structure of spectra.
X-Rays & X-Ray Spectra
Nature & production, Continuous X-ray spectrum & Duane-Hunt’s law, Characteristic X-ray
VIII 7
spectrum & Mosley’s law, Fine structure of Characteristic X-ray spectrum, and X-ray absorption
spectrum.
Rotational and Vibrational Spectra
Discrete set of energies of a molecule, electronic, vibrational and rotational energies. Quantisation of
IX
vibrational energies, transition rules and pure vibrational spectra. Quantisation of rotational energies,
7
transition rules, pure rotational spectra and determination of inter-nuclear distance.
Rotational-Vibrational and Electronic Spectra
X Rotational-Vibrational spectra, transition rules, P,Q,R branches, Electronic Spectroscopy of diatomic 7
molecule, Progression and Precession, Frank Condon Principle, Fluorescence and Phosphorescence

UG Physics Syllabus {Page 33 of 39}

 SIDDHARTH UNIVERSITY KAPILVASTU SIDDHARTHNAGAR

Suggested Readings
PART A
1. D.J. Griffiths, “Introduction to Quantum Mechanics”, Pearson Education, India, 2004, 2e
2. E. Wichmann, “Quantum Physics (In SI Units): Berkeley Physics Course Vol 4”, McGraw Hill, 2017
3. Richard P. Feynman, Robert B. Leighton, Matthew Sands, “The Feynman Lectures on Physics - Vol. 3”,
Pearson Education Limited, 2012
4. R Murugeshan, Kiruthiga Sivaprasath, “Modern Physics”, S. Chand Publishing, 2019, 18e
PART B
1. H.E. White, “Introduction to Atomic Spectra”, McGraw Hill, 1934
2. C.N. Banwell, E.M. McCash, “Fundamentals of Molecular Spectroscopy”, McGraw Hill, 2017, 4e
3. R Murugeshan, Kiruthiga Sivaprasath, “Modern Physics”, S. Chand Publishing, 2019, 18e
4. S.L. Gupta, V. Kumar, R.C. Sharma, “Elements of Spectroscopy”, Pragati Prakashan, Meerut, 2015, 27e

Suggestive Digital Platforms / Web Links

1. MIT Open Learning - Massachusetts Institute of Technology, https://openlearning.mit.edu/

2. National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL), https://www.youtube.com/user/nptelhrd
3. Uttar Pradesh Higher Education Digital Library, http://heecontent.upsdc.gov.in/SearchContent.aspx
4. Swayam Prabha - DTH Channel, https://www.swayamprabha.gov.in/index.php/program/current_he/8

Suggested Continuous Evaluation Methods (Max. Marks: 25)

S.No. Assessment Type Max. Marks
1 Test / Quiz / Assignment / Seminar /Research Orientation assignment 20
2 Class interaction 05
Suggested Equivalent Online Courses
1. Coursera, https://www.coursera.org/browse/physical-science-and-engineering/physics-and-astronomy
2. edX, https://www.edx.org/course/subject/physics
3. MIT Open Course Ware - Massachusetts Institute of Technology, https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/physics/
4. Swayam - Government of India, https://swayam.gov.in/explorer?category=Physics
5. National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL), https://nptel.ac.in/course.html
Further Suggestions
 In End-Semester University Examinations, equal weightage should be given to Part A (units I to IV) and Part
B (units V to VIII) while framing the questions.

UG Physics Syllabus {Page 34 of 39}

 SIDDHARTH UNIVERSITY KAPILVASTU SIDDHARTHNAGAR
B.Sc. III (SEMESTER-VI) PAPER-II
SOLID STATE & NUCLEAR PHYSICS

Programme: B.Sc. Year: Third Semester: Sixth

Subject: Physics

Course Code: B010602T Course Title: SOLID STATE & NUCLEAR PHYSICS

Course Outcomes (COs)

1. Understand the crystal geometry w.r.t. symmetry operations.

2. Comprehend the power of X-ray diffraction and the concept of reciprocal lattice.
3. Study various properties based on crystal bindings.
4. Recognize the importance of Free Electron & Band theories in understanding the crystal properties.
5. Study the salient features of nuclear forces & radioactive decays.
6. Understand the importance of nuclear models & nuclear reactions.
7. Comprehend the working and applications of nuclear accelerators and detectors.
8. Understand the classification and properties of basic building blocks of nature.

Credits: 4 Core Compulsory / Elective

Max. Marks: 25+50 Min. Passing Marks: As per UGC/ University CBCS norm.
Total No. of Lectures-Tutorials-Practical (in hours per week): L-T-P: 4-0-0
No. of
Unit Topics
Lectures
PART A
INTRODUCTION TO SOLID STATE PHYSICS
Crystal Structure
Lattice, Basis & Crystal structure. Lattice translation vectors, Primitive & non-primitive cells.
I Symmetry operations, Point group & Space group. 2D & 3D Bravais lattice. Parameters of cubic 7
lattices. Lattice planes and Miller indices. Simple crystal structures - HCP & FCC, Diamond, Cubic
Zinc Sulphide, Sodium Chloride, Cesium Chloride and Glasses.
Crystal Diffraction
X-ray diffraction and Bragg’s law. Experimental diffraction methods - Laue, Rotating crystal and
Powder methods. Derivation of scattered wave amplitude. Reciprocal lattice, Reciprocal lattice
II 7
vectors and relation between Direct & Reciprocal lattice. Diffraction conditions, Ewald’s method and
Brillouin zones. Reciprocal lattice to SC, BCC & FCC lattices. Atomic Form factor and Crystal
Structure factor.
Crystal Bindings
Classification of Crystals on the Basis of Bonding - Ionic, Covalent, Metallic, van der Waals
(Molecular) and Hydrogen bonded. Crystals of inert gases, Attractive interaction (van der Waals-
III 7
London) & Repulsive interaction, Equilibrium lattice constant, Cohesive energy and Compressibility
& Bulk modulus. Ionic crystals, Cohesive energy, Madelung energy and evaluation
of Madelung constant.

UG Physics Syllabus {Page 35 of 39}

 SIDDHARTH UNIVERSITY KAPILVASTU SIDDHARTHNAGAR

Lattice Vibrations
Lattice Vibrations: Lattice vibrations for linear mono & di atomic chains, Dispersion relations and
Acoustical & Optical branches (qualitative treatment). Qualitative description of Phonons in solids.
Lattice heat capacity, Dulong-Petit’s law and Einstein’s theory of lattice heat capacity.
IV Free Electron Theory: Fermi energy, Density of states, Heat capacity of conduction electrons, 9
Paramagnetic susceptibility of conduction electrons and Hall effect in metals.
Band Theory: Origin of band theory, Qualitative idea of Bloch theorem, Kronig-Penney model,
Effectice mass of an electron & Concept of Holes and Classification of solids on the basis of band
theory.
PART B
INTRODUCTION TO NUCLEAR PHYSICS
Nuclear Forces & Radioactive Decays
General Properties of Nucleus: Mass, binding energy, radii, density, angular momentum, magnetic
dipole moment vector and electric quadrupole moment tensor.
V Nuclear Forces: General characteristic of nuclear force and Deuteron ground state properties. 9
Radioactive Decays: Nuclear stability, basic ideas about beta minus decay, beta plus decay, alpha
decay, gamma decay & electron capture, fundamental laws of radioactive disintegration and
radioactive series.
Nuclear Models & Nuclear Reactions
Nuclear Models: Liquid drop model and Bethe-Weizsacker mass formula. Single particle shell
VI model (the level scheme in the context of reproduction of magic numbers included). 9
Nuclear Reactions: Bethe’s notation, types of nuclear reaction, Conservation laws, Cross-section of
nuclear reaction, Theory of nuclear fission (qualitative), Nuclear reactors and Nuclear fusion.
Accelerators & Detectors
Accelerators: Theory, working and applications of Van de Graaff accelerator, Cyclotron and
VII Synchrotron. 6
Detectors: Theory, working and applications of GM counter, Semiconductor detector, Scintillation
counter and Wilson cloud chamber.
Elementary Particles
Fundamental interactions & their mediating quanta. Concept of antiparticles. Classification of
elementary particles based on intrinsic-spin, mass, interaction & lifetime. Families of Leptons,
VIII 6
Mesons, Baryons & Baryon Resonances. Conservation laws for mass-energy, linear momentum,
angular momentum, electric charge, baryonic charge, leptonic charge, isospin & strangeness.
Concept of Quark model.
Suggested Readings
PART A
1. Charles Kittel, “Introduction to Solid State Physics”, Wiley India Private Limited, 2004, 8e
2. J.P. Srivastava, “Elementa of Solid State Physics”, Prentice-Hall of India Private Limited, 2014, 4e
3. R.K. Puri, V.K. Babbar, “Solid State Physics”, S. Chand Publishing, 2015

PART B
1. Kenneth S. Krane, “Introductory Nuclear Physics”, Wiley India Private Limited, 2008
2. Bernard L. Cohen, “Concepts of Nuclear Physics”, McGraw Hill, 2017
3. D.C. Tayal, “Nuclear Physics”, Himalaya Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., 2011, 5e

UG Physics Syllabus {Page 36 of 39}

 SIDDHARTH UNIVERSITY KAPILVASTU SIDDHARTHNAGAR

Suggestive Digital Platforms / Web Links

1. MIT Open Learning - Massachusetts Institute of Technology, https://openlearning.mit.edu/
2. National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL), https://www.youtube.com/user/nptelhrd
3. Uttar Pradesh Higher Education Digital Library, http://heecontent.upsdc.gov.in/SearchContent.aspx
4. Swayam Prabha - DTH Channel, https://www.swayamprabha.gov.in/index.php/program/current_he/8
Suggested Continuous Evaluation Methods (Max. Marks: 25)
S.No. Assessment Type Max. Marks
1 Test / Quiz / Assignment / Seminar /Research Orientation assignment 20
2 Class interaction 05
Suggested Equivalent Online Courses
1. Coursera, https://www.coursera.org/browse/physical-science-and-engineering/physics-and-astronomy
2. edX, https://www.edx.org/course/subject/physics
3. MIT Open Course Ware - Massachusetts Institute of Technology, https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/physics/
4. Swayam - Government of India, https://swayam.gov.in/explorer?category=Physics
5. National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL), https://nptel.ac.in/course.html
Further Suggestions
 In End-Semester University Examinations, equal weightage should be given to Part A (units I to IV) and Part
B (units V to VIII) while framing the questions.

UG Physics Syllabus {Page 37 of 39}

 SIDDHARTH UNIVERSITY KAPILVASTU SIDDHARTHNAGAR
B.Sc. III (SEMESTER-VI) PAPER-III
PRACTICAL
Programme: B.Sc. Year: Third Semester: Sixth

Subject: Physics

Course Code: B010603P Course Title: PRACTICAL

Course Outcomes (COs)

Experimental physics has the most striking impact on the industry wherever the components / instruments are used
for electronic / optical communication systems. Measurement precision and perfection is achieved through Lab
Experiments. Online Virtual Lab Experiments give an insight in simulation techniques and provide a basis for
modeling.
Credits: 2 Core Compulsory / Elective

Max. Marks: 25 Min. Passing Marks: As per UGC/ University CBCS norm.
Total No. of Lectures-Tutorials-Practical (in hours per week): L-T-P: 0-0-4
No. of
Unit Topics
Lectures
Lab Experiment List
1. Amplitude Modulation and Demodulation
2. DSB-SC Modulation and Demodulation
3. SSB-SC Modulation and Demodulation
4. Frequency Modulation and Demodulation
5. To measure Numerical aperture of Single Mode Optical Fiber
Online Virtual Lab Experiment List / Link
Virtual Labs at Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham
http://vlab.amrita.edu/index.php?sub=59&brch=163

1. Amplitude Modulation and Demodulation

2. BPSK Modulation and Demodulation
60
3. Frequency Modulation
4. QPSK Modulation
5. Realization of different modulation schemes using I/Q modulators

labAlive Virtual Communications Lab

https://www.etti.unibw.de/labalive/#experiments
6. Analog Modulation
7. Digital Modulation
8. To study and verify half and full subtractor
9. Signal Parameters
10. Fourier Transform
11. Wireless Communications

UG Physics Syllabus {Page 38 of 39}

 SIDDHARTH UNIVERSITY KAPILVASTU SIDDHARTHNAGAR

Virtual Labs at Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham

http://vlab.amrita.edu/index.php?sub=59&brch=269
12. Fiber Optic Analog and Digital Link
13. Fiber Optic Bi-directional Communication
14. Wavelength Division Multiplexing
15. Measurement of Bending Losses in Optical Fiber
16. Measurement of Numerical Aperture
17. Study of LED and Detector Characteristics

Suggested Readings
1. M.S. Roden, “Analog and Digital Communication Systems”, Discovery Press, 2003, 5e
2. D. Roddy, J. Coolen, “Electronic Communications”, Pearson Education Limited, 2008, 4e
3. Jeffrey S. Beasley, Gary M. Miller, “Modern Electronic Communication”, Pearson Education Limited, 2007, 9e
4. W. Schweber, “Electronic Communication Systems: A Complete Course”, Pearson Education Limited, 2001, 4e
5. John M. Senior, “Optical Fiber Communications: Principles and Practice”, Pearson Education Limited, 2010, 3e
6. John Wilson, John Hawkes, “Optoelectronics: Principles and Practice”, Pearson Education Limited, 2018, 3e

Course Books published in Hindi may be prescribed by the Universities.

Suggestive Digital Platforms / Web Links
1. Virtual Labs at Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, http://vlab.amrita.edu/index.php?sub=59&brch=163
2. labAlive Virtual Communications Lab, https://www.etti.unibw.de/labalive/#experiments
3. Virtual Labs at Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, http://vlab.amrita.edu/index.php?sub=59&brch=269
4. Digital platforms of other virtual labs
Suggested Continuous Evaluation Methods (Max. Marks: 25)
S.No. Assessment Type Max. Marks
1 Record File 15
2 Viva voce 05
3 Class interaction 05
Further Suggestions
 The institution may add / modify / change the experiments of the same standard in the subject.
 The institution may suggest a minimum number of experiments (say 6) to be performed by each student per
semester from the Lab Experiment List.
 The institution may suggest a minimum number of experiments (say 3) to be performed by each student per
semester from the Online Virtual Lab Experiment List / Link.

UG Physics Syllabus {Page 39 of 39}