Final Report Updated Esmf For BRWDLP Phase 2 Clean Oweb

OROMIA WATER AND ENERGY BUREAU
BORANA RESILIENT WATER DEVELOPMENT FOR

IMPROVED LIVELIHOODS PROGRAM (BRWDLP)
PART-2 PROJECT
UPDATED ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL

MANAGEMENT FRAMWORK FINAL REPORT
September, 2023
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Borana Resilient Water Development for Improved Updated Environmental and Social
Livelihoods Program (BRWDLP), Part-2 Project Management Framework (ESMF)
NATIONAL REGIONAL STATE OF OROMIA

WATER AND ENERGY BUREAU
TEL. (Off): +251-0115516938/0115531522
E-mail : [email protected]
ADDISS ABABA, ETHIOPIA
BORANA RESILIENT WATER DEVELOPMENT FOR IMPROVED

LIVELIHOODS PROGRAM (BRWDLP),
PART-2 PROJECT
UPDATED ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL

MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK FINAL REPORT
By: Excellence Environment and Development PLC

Level-1 Environmental Consultancy Firm
Tel. (Mobile): 091 165 9771,
E-mail: [email protected]
September, 2023
Excellence Environment and Development PLC September, 2023 i

Level-I Consultancy Service Firm, Addis Ababa
Livelihoods Program (BRWDLP), Part-2 Project Management Framework Final Report
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................................................................. VII
LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................................................ VII
ACCRONYMS ....................................................................................................................................................... VIII
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................................................................... IX
1. INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Background ...................................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 The Rationale of the ESMF .............................................................................................................. 2
1.3 Purposes and Objectives of ESMF ................................................................................................... 3
1.3.1 Purposes of the ESMF ............................................................................................................ 3
1.3.2 Objectives of the ESMF.......................................................................................................... 4
1.4 Scope and Principles of the ESMF ................................................................................................... 5
1.4.1 Scope of the ESMF ................................................................................................................. 5
1.4.2 Principles of the ESMF ........................................................................................................... 5
1.5 Approaches and Methodologies during ESMF Preparation ............................................................. 5
1.5.1 Approaches ............................................................................................................................. 5
1.5.2 Methodologies ........................................................................................................................ 6
2. PROGRAM DESCRIPTION ................................................................................................................................. 9
2.1 Program Objective............................................................................................................................ 9
2.2 Location and Water Accessibility of the Program ........................................................................... 9
2.3 Program Design and Components .................................................................................................. 10
2.3.1 Component 1: Water Infrastructure Development and improved sanitation. ....................... 11
2.3.2 Component 2: Integrated Water Resources Management .................................................... 12
2.3.3 Component 3: Project Management ..................................................................................... 12
2.4 Water Supply Components, Routes and Main Activities ............................................................... 12
2.5 Boreholes / Well fields ................................................................................................................... 13
2.6 Wellfield Collector pipes and Primary Transmission mains .......................................................... 14
2.7 The Command Reservoir ............................................................................................................... 14
2.8 The Transmission lines................................................................................................................... 14
2.9 Service Reservoirs .......................................................................................................................... 15
2.10 Part 2 Project Beneficiaries .......................................................................................................... 15
3. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK ...................................................................... 16
3.1 Constitution of FDRE..................................................................................................................... 16
3.2 National Policy Frameworks .......................................................................................................... 18
3.2.1 Environmental Policy of Ethiopia (EPE) .............................................................................. 18
3.2.2 Water resource policy ........................................................................................................... 19
3.2.3 Public Health policy ............................................................................................................. 20
3.2.4 National Policy on women.................................................................................................... 20
3.2.5 National population policy ................................................................................................... 20
3.2.6 National biodiversity policy ................................................................................................. 21
3.2.7 Land Tenure Policy............................................................................................................... 21
3.2.8 National Social Protection Policy of Ethiopia ...................................................................... 22
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3.2.9 Wildlife Policy ...................................................................................................................... 22

3.3 Strategies ........................................................................................................................................ 23
3.3.1 Conservation Strategy of Ethiopia ........................................................................................ 23
3.3.2 Ethiopia’s Climate-resilient Green Economy Strategy ......................................................... 23
3.3.3 Gender mainstreaming strategy and guideline...................................................................... 23
3.4 Regulations, Proclamations and Procedural Guidelines................................................................. 24
3.4.1 Establishment of environmental protection organs .............................................................. 24
3.4.2 Proclamation on Environmental Impact Assessment ........................................................... 24
3.4.3 Proclamation on Environmental pollution control................................................................ 24
3.4.4 Proclamation on Ethiopian Water Resources Management.................................................. 25
3.4.5 Expropriation of Land Holdings and Compensation Payment Proclamation ....................... 25
3.4.6 Proclamation on Rural Land Administration and Use .......................................................... 26
3.4.7 Wildlife Development, Conservation and Utilization Proclamation .................................... 26
3.4.8 Proclamation on Public Health ............................................................................................. 27
3.4.9 Proclamation on Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritage ...................................... 27
3.4.10 Proclamations on Persons with Disability and Vulnerable groups ..................................... 28
3.5 Environmental assessment guidelines ............................................................................................ 28
3.6 African Development Bank Environmental & Social Policies, Procedures & Standards .............. 28
3.6.1 The 2013 Integrated Safeguards Systems (ISS) of the AfDB............................................... 29
3.6.2 Operational Safeguard of African Development Bank ......................................................... 30
3.6.3 Environmental and Social Assessment Procedures of AfDB on Public Sector Operations . 33
3.7 Regional and International Multilateral Agreement ....................................................................... 37
3.8 Oromia Environmental Protection Authority Recent Regulations ................................................. 38
4. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL BASELINE ............................................................................................. 39
4.1 Physical Environmental profile of the project area ........................................................................ 39
4.1.1 Topography ........................................................................................................................... 39
4.1.2 Geology ................................................................................................................................ 39
4.1.3 Soils ...................................................................................................................................... 39
4.1.4 Climate.................................................................................................................................. 39
4.1.5 Water resources .................................................................................................................... 39
4.1.6 Drought ................................................................................................................................. 41
4.2 Biological Environmental profile of the project area ..................................................................... 41
4.2.1 Vegetation ............................................................................................................................. 41
4.2.2 Terrestrial Fauna ................................................................................................................... 41
4.2.3 Birds...................................................................................................................................... 41
4.3 Socio-economic profile of the project area .................................................................................... 42
4.3.1 Administrative area ............................................................................................................... 42
4.3.2 Human population ................................................................................................................ 42
4.3.3 Livestock population ............................................................................................................ 42
4.3.4 Land tenure ........................................................................................................................... 43
4.3.5 Land Use Land Cover ........................................................................................................... 43
4.3.6 Settlement pattern ................................................................................................................. 44
4.3.7 Livelihood bases ................................................................................................................... 44
4.3.8 Community wealth status ..................................................................................................... 44
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4.3.9 Public Health ........................................................................................................................ 44

4.3.10 Livestock Health ................................................................................................................. 45
4.3.11 Water Supply Situations ..................................................................................................... 45
4.3.12 Hygiene and Sanitation ....................................................................................................... 45
4.3.13 Road Networks ................................................................................................................... 45
5. PROJECT APPRAISAL, APPROVAL AND IMPLEMENTATION.............................................................. 46
5.1 Part 2 Project Activities.................................................................................................................. 46
5.2 Project Planning Guiding Principles .............................................................................................. 46
5.3 Procedures and Steps...................................................................................................................... 47
6. STAKEHOLDERS AND COMMUNITY CONSULTATIONS ....................................................................... 55
6.1 Consulted stakeholders by district, kebele and sex ........................................................................ 55
6.2 District Stakeholders Consultations ............................................................................................... 56
6.3 Issues and Concerns raised on districts stakeholders’ consultative meetings ................................ 57
6.4 Kebele Levels Community Representatives Consultations............................................................ 61
6.5 Issues and Concerns raised on each kebele consultative meetings ................................................ 62
6.6 Stakeholders and community attitudes towards the project ........................................................... 67
7. POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL IMPACTS, RISKS & MITIGATION MEASURES ........ 68
7.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 68
7.2 Positive Impacts ............................................................................................................................. 69
7.2.1 Improved quantity and quality of drinking water ................................................................. 69
7.2.2 Improved health and Sanitation services .............................................................................. 69
7.2.3 Increased productive time for Women and Girls .................................................................. 69
7.2.4 Reduce the negative Consequences of mobility ................................................................... 69
7.2.5 Initiates improved Forage Development............................................................................... 70
7.2.6 Increased opportunity for income diversification ................................................................. 70
7.2.7 Employment opportunity ...................................................................................................... 70
7.2.8 Improved Investment / Business Opportunity ...................................................................... 70
7.2.9 Enhance Social Service Deliveries ....................................................................................... 70
7.3 Negative Impacts and Mitigation Measures ................................................................................... 71
7.3.1 Impacts on Aesthetic Value and Landscape ......................................................................... 71
7.3.2 Land Acquisition, Resettlement and Compensation ............................................................. 71
7.3.3 Soil Erosion and Pollution .................................................................................................... 72
7.3.4 Boreholes drilling activities impacts..................................................................................... 73
7.3.5 Impacts on cemeteries and traditionally respected sites ....................................................... 73
7.3.6 Impact on Water Quality ...................................................................................................... 73
7.3.7 Air Pollution ......................................................................................................................... 74
7.3.8 Health and Sanitary Problems............................................................................................... 75
7.3.9 Noise Impacts ....................................................................................................................... 75
7.3.10 Solid waste generation impacts........................................................................................... 76
7.3.11 Vegetation clearing impacts ............................................................................................... 77
7.3.12 Population Influx ................................................................................................................ 78
7.3.13 Occupational health and safety impacts.............................................................................. 78
7.3.14 Gender Violence, Sexual Attacks and Violence against Children ...................................... 80
7.3.15 Electricity and Road inaccessibility impacts ...................................................................... 82
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7.3.16 Water supply line leakage impacts ..................................................................................... 83

8. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ........................................................................ 84
8.1 Background .................................................................................................................................... 84
8.2 Purpose of the ESMP ..................................................................................................................... 84
9. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MONITORING PLAN .......................................................................... 98
9.1 Monitoring Objective ..................................................................................................................... 98
9.2 Monitoring Approaches.................................................................................................................. 98
9.3 Monitoring Parameters ................................................................................................................. 101
10. ESMF MONITORING, EVALUATION, ANNUAL AUDIT AND REPORTING ..................................... 104
10.1 Monitoring.................................................................................................................................. 104
10.2 Annual Audit .............................................................................................................................. 105
10.3 End-of-project evaluation........................................................................................................... 106
10.4 ESMF Reporting Procedures and Requirements ........................................................................ 106
10.5 Submission for Clearance and disclosure of ESMF ................................................................... 106
11. PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS AND DISCLOSURE PLAN .......................................................................... 107
11.1 Public Consultation Plan ............................................................................................................ 107
11.2 Objectives of the Pubic Consultation Plan ................................................................................. 107
11.3 Public Consultation Checklist and Participation ........................................................................ 108
11.4 Public Disclosure Plan ............................................................................................................... 109
12. INSTITUTIONAL RESPONSIBILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENT ........................ 110
12.1 National and Regional Levels .................................................................................................... 110
12.2 Ministry of Water and Energy .................................................................................................... 110
12.3 National Environmental Protection Authority ........................................................................... 111
12.4 National Wildlife Conservation Authority ................................................................................. 112
12.5 Regional State Water and Energy Bureau .................................................................................. 112
12.6 Regional Environmental Protection Authority ........................................................................... 113
12.7 Zone and District Environmental Protection Authorities ........................................................... 114
12.8 Contractor ................................................................................................................................... 114
12.9 Supervision Engineer ................................................................................................................. 114
12.10 District Administration ............................................................................................................. 115
12.11 Community ............................................................................................................................... 115
12.12 Authority for Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritage ............................................... 115
12.13 Consultants ............................................................................................................................... 116
13. CAPACITY BUILDING AND TRAINING REQUIRNMENT .................................................................... 117
13.1 General ....................................................................................................................................... 117
13.2 Capacity Building....................................................................................................................... 117
13.3 Training ...................................................................................................................................... 118
13.4 Technical Assistance .................................................................................................................. 123
14. ESMF IMPLEMENTATION INDICATIVE SCHEDULE .......................................................................... 126
15. INDICATIVE BUDGET REQUIREMENT FOR ESMF IMPLEMENTATION ....................................... 128
16. FEEDBACK AND GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM...................................................................... 129
17. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS .......................................................................................... 131
17.1 Conclusions ................................................................................................................................ 131
17.2 Recommendation........................................................................................................................ 131
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ANNEXES ............................................................................................................................................................... 132

Annex-1: List of subprojects that are not eligible for funding ........................................................... 132
Annex-2: Environmental and Social Screening Form ........................................................................ 133
Annex-3: Suggested Environmental and Social Field Appraisal Form for a Subproject ................... 142
Annex-4: Guideline for preparation of site specific ESMP................................................................ 145
Annex-5: Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) Template for a sub-project ........... 147
Annex-6: Sample Terms of Reference (ToR) for a sub-project ESIA preparation ............................ 148
Annex-7: Procedures for Finding Physical Cultural Resources ......................................................... 151
Annex-8: Annual Reviews and Audit Guidelines .............................................................................. 153
Annex-9: Suggested Annual Review Report Template for a Project ................................................. 156
Annex-10: Suggested ESMF Reporting Forms, Training and Follow-up .......................................... 158
Annex-11: Dubuluk district key sectors stakeholders’ & project kebeles community consultation .. 159
Annex-11.1: Dubuluk district key sectors stakeholders’ consultative meeting participants ....... 159
Annex-11-2: Minute of Dubuluk District key stakeholders’ consultative meeting ..................... 160
Annex-11.3: Dubuluk district Kersa Dembi kebele community consultation participants ......... 163
Annex-11.4: Minute of Dubuluk District Kersa Dembi kebele community consultation ........... 164
Annex-11.5: Dubuluk district Gobso kebele community consultation participants .................... 167
Annex-11:6: Minute of Dubuluk District Gobso kebele community consultative meeting ........ 168
Annex-12: Elweya District key sectors stakeholders’ & project kebeles community consultation ... 170
Annex-12.1: Elweya District Water and Energy Office Staffs discussion participants ............... 170
Annex-12.2: Elweya District key sectors stakeholders’ consultative meeting participants ........ 171
Annex-12.3: Minute of Elweya District key sectors stakeholders’ consultative meeting ........... 172
Annex-12.4: Elweya District Adde Gelchet kebele community consultation participants.......... 174
Annex-12.5: Minute of Elweya District Adde Gelchet kebele community consultation ............ 175
Annex-12.6: Elweya District Sarite kebele community consultation participants ...................... 178
Annex-12.7: Minute of Elweya district Sarite kebele community consultative meeting ............ 179
Annex-13: Yabello District key sectors stakeholders’ & project kebele community consultations .. 182
Annex-13.1: Yabello District key sectors stakeholders’ consultative meeting participants ........ 182
Annex-13.2: Minute of Yabello District key sectors stakeholders’ consultative meeting ........... 183
Annex-13.3: Yabello District Har-Wayu kebele community consultation participants .............. 186
Annex-13.4: Minute of Yabello District Har-Wayu kebele community consultation ................. 187
Annex 14: Summary of issues, opinions & responses raised on districts & kebeles consultations ... 190
Annex-15: Baseline data collection questionnaire ............................................................................. 194
Annex-15.1: Agriculture & Pastoral Development Office data collection questionnaire ........... 194
Annex-15.2: District Culture and Tourism baseline data collection questionnaire ..................... 197
Annex-15.3: District Land Administration sector baseline data collection questionnaire .......... 199
Annex-15.4: District Health Sector baseline data collection questionnaire................................. 201
Annex-15.5: District livestock sector baseline data collection questionnaire ............................. 204
Annex-15.6: District Natural Resources Sector baseline data collection questionnaire .............. 206
Annex-15.7: District Water and Energy Sector baseline data collection questionnaire .............. 208
Annex-15.8: District Women and Youth Sector baseline data collection questionnaire ............. 210
Annex-15.9: Zone Land Administration Sector baseline data collection questionnaire .............. 212
Annex-15.10: Project kebele baseline data collection questionnaire........................................... 214
Annex-16: Consulting firm legal documents ..................................................................................... 219
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LIST OF TABLES
Table4.1: Resilience of the water technology to climate change................................................................ 40

Table4.2: Population of the Part 2 Project districts and target kebeles....................................................... 42
Table4.3: Total livestock of the three Part-2 Project districts..................................................................... 43
Table4.4: Land use and land cover distribution of Part 2 project districts ................................................. 43
Table4.5: Potable water supply coverage of the project districts. .............................................................. 45
Table5.1: Criteria for Field Appraisal Requirement ................................................................................... 50
Table6.1: Participants of stakeholders’ consultative meetings by district, kebele and sexes ..................... 55
Table6.2: Summary of raised issues and opinions of district stakeholders’ consultative meetings ........... 58
Table6.3: Summary of raised issues & opinions on each kebele community consultations....................... 63
Table8.1: Environmental and Social Management plan ............................................................................. 87
Table9.1: Proposed Environmental and Social Monitoring Plan .............................................................. 103
Table13.1: Indicative Training and Sensitization Requirements .............................................................. 120
Table13.2: Proposed Training Packages ................................................................................................... 121
Table13.3: Sample training agenda for a one day..................................................................................... 122
Table13.4: Estimated Budget for training activities ................................................................................. 122
Table14.1: Implementation schedule for ESMF ....................................................................................... 127
Table15.1: Indicative summary of estimated ESMF budget .................................................................... 128
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure2.1: Location of the Program area .................................................................................................... 10

Figure2.2: Part 2 of the Borana Resilient Water Development for Improved Livelihoods Program ......... 13
Figure2.3: Location of the Well fields ........................................................................................................ 14
Figure4.1: Impacts of flash flood in Elweya district .................................................................................. 40
Figure5.1: Typical sub-project screening and implementation cycle under the proposed BRWDLP ........ 54
Figure6.1: Dubuluk District sectors stakeholders’ consultation participants ............................................. 56
Figure6.2: Elweya District sectors stakeholders’ consultation participants ............................................... 56
Figure6.3: Yabello district’s sectors stakeholders’ consultation participants ............................................. 57
Figure6.4: Kersa Dembi kebele of Dubuluk District community representative consultation participants 61
Figure6.5: Gobso kebele of Dubuluk District community representative consultation participants .......... 61
Figure6.6: Hare Wayu kebele of Yabello District community representative consultation participants.... 61
Figure6.7: Adde Gelchet kebele of Elweya District community representative consultation participants. 62
Figure6.8: Sarite kebele of Elweya District community representative consultation participants ............. 62
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ACCRONYMS
AfDB African Development Bank

BRWDLP Borana-Resilient Water Development for Improved Livelihoods Program
EA Environmental Assessment
EPA Environmental Protection Authority
EPC Environmental Protection Council
ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment
ESMP Environmental and Social Management Plan
ESMoP Environment and Social Monitoring Plan
ESF Environmental and Social Frameworks
ESMF Environmental and Social Management Framework
ESS Environmental and Social standard
FDRE Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
GBV Gender Based Violence
ISS Integrated Safeguards Systems
IWRM Integrated Water Resources Management
LULC Land Use Land Cover
MoA Ministry of Agriculture
MoWE Ministry of Water and Energy
NBA National Biodiversity Policy
OS Operational safeguards
ORWEB Oromia Region Water and Energy Bureau
SEA Sexual Exploitation Abuse
SH Sexual Harassment
UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
VAC Violence against Children
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Borana Zone of Oromia National Regional State is one of the areas frequently affected by drought as a
result of erratic and unpredictable rainfall and recurrent climate changes. The climate change problems
aggravated human and livestock water supply shortages and life loses. To address these water supply
shortage problems, Borana Resilient Water Development for Improved Livelihoods Program (BRWDILP)
initiated that encompasses 8 districts and their rural areas of Borana.
This ESMF is prepared for Part-2 Projects of the wider program which are to be implemented in three
districts (Dubluk, Elweya and Yabello districts) five kebeles; Kersa Dembi and Gobso kebeles of Dubuluk
district, Sarite and Adde Gelchet kebeles of Elweya district and Hare Wayu kebele of Yabello district of
Borana Zone.
The ESMF serves as a guideline to ensure environmental and social assessment considerations of the
program sub-projects water supply interventions during design and implementations based on the Ethiopian
Legislations and AfDB Operational Safeguards which are elaborated in the policy descriptions of the report.
This Part 2 Project of the wider program generally comprises Water Infrastructure Development for Multi-
Sector Use and Improved Sanitation, Integrated Water Resources Management and Project Management
components. By this Part 2 Project, a total of 7 boreholes, 5 at Gelchet and 2 at Sarite well fields are planned
to be executed with other project components.
The main components and activities of the Part 2 Project are transmission networks (60km), distribution
networks (253 km), construction of public fountains (Six Faucets 200 in number); 130 Double Cattle
Troughs at different sites; construction of ten (10) Standard 1000 m3 Reinforced Concrete Reservoirs with
chlorination plants; construction of VIP Latrines; construction of two BPSs, Buildings and Miscellaneous
Civil Works; watershed management Interventions of about 600 ha; aquifer management systems and
institutional measures in which capacity strengthening and Tariff Systems updating takes place. The project
is expected to benefit 308,576 human and 975,750 livestock from the water supply interventions that will
be implemented in three parts over 4-year durations.
The project area three districts sector stakeholders and project area kebeles community representatives were
consulted to engage them and discuss on potential environmental, social and economic impacts by aiming
at obtaining their views, concerns and opinions on the project. Altogether, 95 males and 29 females a total
of 124 stakeholders were consulted. All consulted stakes seriously raised about the Borana Water Supply
issue dalliances although the case has been raised on every occasion for the last 20 years. In line with this,
they requested the financing agency and the government implementing body to efficiently and effectively
work on the project implementations and shall solve the inhabitants’ severe and critical water supply
shortage problem and lifesaving tasks. They also indicated that all the project possible impacts can be easily
managed through implementing recommended mitigation and enhancement measures through
stakeholders’ participations and commitments although the impacts are easy when compared to the critical
water supply shortage problems of the people and their livestock. The participants, finally, expressed their
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promises to participate in the project implementation and concluded that the stakes and community
representatives have positive attitudes on the project.
As in any other project, implementation of the Part 2 Project sub projects can have possible positive and
negative impacts based on the sub projects nature, scale and the project areas biophysical and social
environments. The ESMF report, therefore, addresses guiding role for these expected impacts identification
and their respective enhancement and mitigation measures recommendations as detailed under the section.
As concluded from the stakeholders’ views and the project areas biophysical conditions, settlement patterns
and the communities’ willingness, the project benefits by far outweigh negative impacts and the project
have community acceptances.
In order to guide that appropriate environmental and social management practices are followed during the
subprojects design, construction and operation phases, the ESMF report also contains generic project
Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) that considers possible impacts, mitigation measures,
implementing responsible bodies and budget estimates that serve as a pertinent instrument to guide the
project proponents (OWEB) and other implementers to develop approaches and carry out effective
mitigation measures, design and conduct sound environmental and social monitoring programs during
subprojects design and implementations. The subprojects ESMP shall be prepared for each subproject
following attached ESMP template to this ESMF.
Similar to the ESMP, the Part 2 Project generic Environmental and Social Monitoring Plan was prepared
and included in this ESMF as it is an important tool for monitoring process of environmental and social
management activities of the Part 2 Projects in order to ensure that proposed mitigation measures for
identified impacts and risks are being implemented effectively and fix issues as designed for during the
sub-projects’ implementations. The report also included summary of most important parameters to be
monitored, responsible bodies, monitoring frequencies, monitoring types and budget estimates as generic
indicative project Environmental and Social Monitoring Plan to use as guiding tool in the subprojects
monitoring plan preparations during subsequent construction and operation phases.
As a separate management requirement, the ESMF included activities monitoring indicators during projects
implementations and/or periodic reviews, annual monitoring or auditing to be used as a guide and ensure
effectiveness of the ESMF and guarantee implementations. This section also has annual audit procedures,
end-of-project evaluation, ESMF reporting procedures and requirements, ESMF submission for clearance
are also included in the updated ESMF report to ensure efficient monitoring procedures.
Continuous consultative processes are required for successful identification and assessment of sub projects
specific environmental and social impacts, implementations and monitoring of respective mitigation or
enhancement measures. For effective implementation of these activities, then, the ESMF report also
contains Public Consultation and Disclosure Plan as a separate section with checklists to be used to make
the ESMF uses easier. With this Public Consultations and Disclosure Plan, institutions from Federal down
to project kebele levels were also included in the ESMF report with their roles and responsibilities. ESMF
Implementation Schedule is also included in the report to easily apply and involve relevant stakeholders
during the ESMF implementations.
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As budget determines project implementations and attaining development goal, the ESMF budget
requirement was also estimated and included in this Updated ESMF report for its implementations. The
environmental and social management costs of subprojects are not included, as it will be estimated and
covered directly or indirectly during subsequent subproject ESIA studies by including costs for
Environmental and Social management and mitigating measures of the subproject. Accordingly, the ESMF
budget for the Part 2 project period was estimated for capacity building, training as well as Recruitment of
safeguards specialists, annual audit and end of project evaluation and others with 10% contingency. With
these, the budget was estimated at 244,847 USD or Birr 13,532,693.69 based on exchange rate of one
USD=55.27 Birr as detailed in this Updated ESMF report.
Finally, the Part 2 Project ESMF realizes importance of strengthening capacities of institutions that involve
in the subprojects implementations and provide an enabling environment in addressing environmental and
social issues by project implementing body, OWEB, Oromia Regional EPA and line sectors down to the
districts and kebele levels by using the ESMF in the water supply subproject ESIA studies and subsequent
environmental and social management and monitoring.
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1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
Borana Zone is one of the Oromia Zones frequently affected by drought as a result of erratic and
unpredictable rainfall and recurrent climate changes. Extreme weather events such as floods and droughts
are increasing and seriously affecting the communities’ livelihoods. Based on Borana Zone Agriculture and
Pastoral Development Office, the recurrent drought cycle is narrowed and started occurring every two to
three consecutive years. From this perspective, climate change is more likely to make the water supply
situation even more precarious than it is today. Water supply schemes based on large and reliable water
sources, will therefore, contribute to alleviating such adverse impacts of the prolonged droughts and other
climate change impacts of the area.
Majority of Borana people are Agro-pastoralists and they often migrate to different areas searching for
water and pasture for their livestock as an adaptation mechanism to drought. The harsh climatic conditions
of the areas not only affect human populations, but also have serious effects on the livestock populations
of the areas. Because of this, the livestock productivity has highly reduced as a result of long migration,
poor body conditions due to travelling long distances and associated disease exposures.
The Government of Ethiopia through the Ministry of Water and Energy (MoWE) has requested support
from the African Development Bank (AfDB) for the Borana Resilient Water Development for Improved
Livelihood Program to be implemented by the regional line program implementing body, the Oromia
Region Water and Energy Bureau (ORWEB), which contributes to improving the water supply schemes
based on large and reliable water sources which will contribute to alleviating adverse impacts of the
prolonged droughts and other climate change impacts in Borana Zone of Oromia region. Therefore, the
provision of sustainable water supply for the community is not simply water but is about improvement of
the whole livelihood and living standards of the community during the Program implementations.
Since the specific location of subproject activities under the Part 2 project of the wider program, are not
known with certainty during this time, the program is being prepared for presentation to the Bank, the Bank
environmental assessment policy requires the borrower to prepare an Environmental and Social
Management Framework (ESMF) to establish mechanisms for assessment and management of the
environmental and social risks and impacts of all sub-projects under the BRWDLP, Part-2 Project
implementation period and to set mitigation, monitoring and institutional measures to be taken during
implementation and operation phases of the program in order to eliminate or minimize possible adverse
environmental and social impacts or reduce to acceptable levels.
The key issues for updating ESMF of the Borana Resilient Water Development for Improved Livelihoods
Program include environmental and social concerns as raised by various legal instruments. This ESMF,
therefore, provides that the expected guidelines and defines the procedures whereby environmental and
social impact assessments (ESIAs) and eventually environmental and social management plans (ESMPs)
will be prepared and implemented for each project of the BRWDLP as may be required. This document is
in compliance with Bank ISS and ESAP, including the AfDB five Operational safeguards and the relevant
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Ethiopian environmental policies, laws and regulations as well as the International environmental laws and
conventions applicable.
Furthermore, the OWEB, which is the main program implementing body, given the specific location of the
Part-2 project under the wider program (BRWDLP) will comprise groundwater development in the Gelchet
wellfield and development of the Wellfield area Water Supply Route (includes the project backbone,
comprising the water collection and transmission systems to the Simu Hilltop Reservoir of Yabello district,
main transmission to Dubuluk district and transmissions in the Webe system from the wellfields of Elweya
district) is to undertake an Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA), identify and evaluate
environmental and social impacts associated with the implementation of the Part 2 project of the BRWDL
program and to recommend mitigation and/or enhancement measures for possible impacts that enable in
harmonizing the problems with the social, economic and ecological conditions of the project from the
wellfield to main reservoir site of Simu Hilltop Reservoir in Yabello district, Dubuluk and Web System of
Elweya districts. This ESMF is prepared and updated for Part 2 projects based on the African Development
Bank environmental assessment requirements as well the Ethiopian environmental management
requirements as outlined in various legal instruments and including considerations for the various
international environmental regulations and requirements as well.
The OWEB is further required to disclose the updated ESMF document as a document in country (OWEB
and MoWE websites) to be accessible to the public, local communities, potential program-affected and
interested groups, local NGOs, and all other stakeholders. It will also be disclosed on the AfDB’s external
website. The date for the disclosure of the report will precede the date for appraisal of the Part 2 investment
program which is mainly in September 2023 and 30 days before Board presentations. Stakeholders have
been consulted during the ESMF preparation (Chapter-6 and Annex-11 to 13) and will have an opportunity
to review and comment on the updated ESMF. The final document will be disclosed at the same locations
and will include summaries of the consultations, comments and suggestions and their disposition.
1.2 The Rationale of the ESMF

The Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) is an environmental and social assessment
approach for the Program development at this stage. It is prepared for AfDB operations that finances project
whose location, scope and designs are not precisely known at the time of the Bank appraises and approves
the operation. The ESMF seeks to establish a process of environmental and social screening which permits
the implementing body (The Oromia Water and Energy Bureau) of the government of Ethiopia to identify,
assess and mitigate possible environmental and social impacts of the intended water supply project
intervention.
According to the AfDB’s ISS, operations that finance multiple, small-scale sub-projects whose location,
scope and design are not determined at the time that the Bank appraises and approves the operation should
develop an ESMF. This means that the location and site-specific environmental and social risks created by
the investment will only be known during the implementation of the Project. The features of the Part 2
project ESMF is the appropriate requirement under the AfDB’s Operational Safeguard - Environmental and
Social Assessment (OS 1) are listed below:

• A number of sub-projects and components will be implemented through time;

• The sub-projects are spread over a wide geographic area of Borana Zone, and
• Design of the sub-projects and exact locations for their implementations, even though their generic
impacts can be predicted, their site-specific impacts cannot be determined at this stage.
This updated ESMF is prepared to serve as a guideline to ensure that the environmental and social impacts
of the BRWDLP, Part-2 Project are properly considered during the program sub-projects design and
implementations. The ESMF guides designing processes of appropriate measures and plans to reduce
mitigate and/or offset adverse impacts and enhance positive outcomes including benefits for program
beneficiaries and the environment. This ESMF thus provides a comprehensive framework on how to
address potential adverse social and environmental impacts associated with the water development and
integrated watershed management sector projects under the BRWDLP, Part-2 Project.
The updated ESMF will also provide compliance requirements for future project sites which would satisfy
law requirements (environmental regulations) enforce in Ethiopia. The environmental and social
assessment and AfDB’s Operational Safeguard measures will be confirmed during the project
implementation phase. The construction and operation of the proposed projects under this program are
expected to bring several significant positive environmental and socio-economic benefits to the respective
Project area of influence as well as to the nation at large. The Program will enhance economic and social
developments along the corridor of the project area and these developments will likely lead to a much-
improved quality of life for local communities. This ESMF will determine the institutional measures to be
taken during the project implementation, including those relating to capacity building as well as expected
to define the requirements that need to be complied with during project implementation so that all
investments financed by the program fully comply with the national and international laws (including
AfDB’s Operational Safeguards requirements).
After undertaking appropriate assessments of the likely social and environmental impacts of the BRWDLP,
Part-2 Project, the updated ESMF proposes relevant mitigation and enhancement measures and strategies
to be considered during the program activity design and implementation. The framework also stipulates
mechanisms for screening, management and monitoring of the likely environmental and social impacts that
may emanate from the project’s activities under the wider program during the implementation phase. The
overall goal of the ESMF is to ensure that decision-making in subsequent stages of the program’s Part-2
Projects is informed and influenced by environmental and social considerations for the implementation of
each project under the program. It aims also to integrate environmental and social concerns into the project’s
design and implementation under this program.
1.3 Purposes and Objectives of ESMF

1.3.1 Purposes of the ESMF
The purpose of this updated ESMF is to provide a unified process to address all E&S safeguard issues for
subprojects at the respective project sites, from preparation, through appraisal and approval, to
implementation. The ESMF describes processes across various tiers for screening, assessing, identifying,
and managing safeguard issues for site-specific project activities and subprojects that will be identified
during the project preparation and implementation. It thereby ensures compliance with the Bank’s
safeguards policies as well as local regulatory requirements.

1.3.2 Objectives of the ESMF

1.3.2.1 General Objective
The general objective of the Environmental and Social Management Frameworks (ESMF) of the program
is to depict common procedures and methodologies as a framework for environmental and social impact
considerations and managements of the project components under the program. It also helps to integrate
environmental concerns into the Borana Resilient Water Development for Improved Livelihoods Program
(BRWDIP), Part-2 Projects, development activities through establishing the National and Regional State
of Oromia Water and Energy Bureau water supply long-term priorities in the field of the environment and
social interventions in order to develop an action framework and preparation of Environmental and Social
Impact Assessment (ESIA) study reports will be undertaken at a later stage prior to commencing of
BRWDILP Part 2 sub-projects, to enable the Bureau to collaborate with the donor international financer
organizations, such as AfDB.
1.3.2.2 Specific Objectives

The specific objectives of the updated ESMF comprise the following. They are to:
• establish clear procedures and methodologies for the environmental and social assessment, for
screening, planning, review, approval and implementation of the project to be financed under the
Program;
• identify and specify appropriate roles and responsibilities and outlining necessary reporting
procedures for managing and monitoring of the environmental and social risks related to Part-2 of
the program;
• determine training, capacity building components, including training and technical assistance
needed as well as indicate implementation strategies to successfully implement the provisions
stated in the updated ESMF;
• Ensure equitable benefits and mitigation measures to ensure gaps between women and men are not
aggravated through the development of the program interventions;
• identify generic potentially positive and adverse environmental and social impacts and risks that
may be encountered in the Program intervention and indicate the possible enhancement and
mitigation measures to avoid or minimize the predicted adverse impacts in the program areas;
• create sense of understanding and strengthen health and safety performances and labor and working
conditions of the project
• develop Environmental and Social Management and Monitoring Plans which, among others,
constitutes the specific likely negative impacts, mitigation measure along with indicators to be
monitored, specific responsible institutions and the required budget;
• identify and indicate information and resources required for the ESMF implementation;
• Establishing project funding required to implement the ESMF requirements; and
• Providing lessons learned for application to future Programs.

1.4 Scope and Principles of the ESMF

1.4.1 Scope of the ESMF
The scope of BRWDLP, Part-2 Projects ESMF covers three districts, namely Dubuluk, Elweya and Yabello
districts of Borana zone of the Oromia National Regional State the districts five kebeles; Kersa Dembi and
Gobso kebeles of Dubuluk District, Sarite and Adde Gelchet kebeles of Elweya District and Hare Wayu
kebele of Yabello District that are included in this part-2 project of the Program. The purpose of the
Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) is to clarify policies, principles and procedures
that govern mitigations for identified adverse environmental and social impacts of the water supply and
integrated watershed development projects under the program.
This updated ESMF set out principles, laws, regulations, guidelines and procedures to assess the
environmental and social impacts related to each project under the program. It analyses the environmental
and social policies and legal requirements of the Government of Ethiopia and operational safeguards of the
African Development Bank and ensures that environmental and social issues are dealt within a proper and
efficient manner meeting all the compliance requirements of the Government of Ethiopia and the African
Development Bank.
1.4.2 Principles of the ESMF

The BRWDLP, Part-2 Projects Environmental and Social Management Framework will be implemented
based on the following principles, but not limited to:
• Principle one: Allow broad consultation of the communities in the identification and planning of
subproject types in their localities depending on their prioritized challenges;
• Principle two: Provide support to communities to develop their sub-project application to avoid or
minimize environmental and social safeguards concerns;
• Principle three: Provide support to regulatory institutions to review applications and determine if
additional, more detailed environmental or social planning is required before applications can be
approved;
• Principle four: Provide support to communities, local authorities and extension teams in carrying
out their respective roles by funding substantial training, information resources and technical
assistance; and
• Principle five: Provide funding for quarterly and annual reviews for assessing compliance, learning
lessons, training impacts, and improving future performance, as well as assessing the occurrence
of potential cumulative impacts due to project funded and other development activities
1.5 Approaches and Methodologies during ESMF Preparation

1.5.1 Approaches
The ESMF preparations procedures involve screening and review processes that will determine which Bank
Operational safeguard is triggered by a particular subproject and what mitigation measures will be required.
Screening and review processes will ensure that subprojects with potential significant impacts will further
require a detailed study and the need for subproject specific environmental and social assessment and as
applicable the environmental and social management plan (ESMP). Accordingly, this ESMF was prepared

in accordance with applicable African Development Bank (AfDB) operational safeguard and environmental
assessment guidelines of Ethiopia which involves the following approach and methodologies:
Approaches of the ESMF have included the following:

• Review program background documents, including sources of information for any national and
international experiences of the related technologies, financing arrangement and policy approach
to identify typical E&S risks and impacts associated with BRWDLP;
• Methodology to be used for review of country-specific regulations against the AfDB operational
safeguards is to determine the regulatory framework that will apply to the specific subprojects
under the program;
• Review of the Integrated Safeguards System of the African Development Bank, focusing on
requirements for the current ESMF adapting;
• Methodology for the collation of baseline data of countries’ national policies and regulations,
conducting a gap assessment against the AfDB’s ISS and other E&S standards;
• Summaries of the program components and description, including a typology of the potential
subprojects to be financed, based on potential size/scale of subprojects and the environmental and
social impacts and risks, paying particular attention to how subprojects will be identified, prepared,
approved, and implemented, and how funds will flow to approved subprojects;
• Assess and outline the pertinent procedures for conducting an environmental and social assessment
of subprojects;
• Preparation of screening procedures to be used for screening project sub-components; and
Formulation of an indicative ESMP outline.
1.5.2 Methodologies
This ESMF is prepared in accordance with applicable Ethiopian Legislations and AfDB Operational
Safeguard. During the preparation of this ESMF, both primary and secondary sources were collected,
collated, analyzed, and discussed. The distinct methodologies adopted for the preparation of this ESMF
include literature review and data gathering; Public consultation and discussions with relevant sector
institutions and key sector stakeholders and beneficiaries; and site visits at the proposed program locations
in the selected potential districts. An account of the existing biophysical and social environment conditions
was gathered and discussed under the baseline information section of this ESMF and used to assess the
potential environmental and social impacts generated from the proposed program’s activities. Consultations
with various stakeholders have been conducted and the outcomes of the consultations are discussed under
the public consultation section (Chapter-6) and list of participants and minutes of the meeting are attached
in Annex 11 to Annex13).
1.5.2.1 Literature Review

Literature review involves study of available information and strategic documents both at national and/or
international levels on social and environmental wellbeing related to issues prepared on resilient water

supply project. In addition, with regard to the general environmental management conditions for project,
the policy frameworks in which the environmental policy, the water resources development policy and other
relevant policies, the national environmental laws, regulations proclamation including the constitution of
Ethiopia and guidelines; the African Development Bank (AfDB) safeguard policies, Project Appraisal
Report, AfDB strategies on climate change, water strategy 2021-2025 towards a water secure Africa and
other relevant documents Ethiopia signed shall be collected and reviewed.
1.5.2.2 Field observations

An intensive field work was carried out in Yabello, Elweya and Dubuluk districts of the program areas.
Field observations were conducted from 23/06/2023 to 28/06/2023 to undertake direct observations with
the purpose of identifying anticipated environmental and social impacts and risks associated with the
program and carry out consultation with the concerned stakeholders and project affected community.
Site-specific baseline data on the environmental and socioeconomic characteristics of the project area were
collected through observations. In addition, relevant government offices were contacted and sector related
data was collected. Both primary and secondary data were collected from all possible sources. The collected
data have been used to provide clear description of the baseline environmental and socioeconomic
conditions of the project influence areas in order to assess potential environmental and social impacts of
the intended water supply program respective projects. The study team also undertook preliminary flora
and fauna assessment in order to collect indicative information associated with the specific projects under
the program within the program implementation area.
1.5.2.3 Stakeholder Consultations

District levels stakeholders’ consultations were carried with the Part-2 Project area districts sectors officials
and/or representatives of Dubuluk, Elweya and Yabello districts. The sectors were district Water and
Energy Office, Agriculture and Pastoral Development Office, Environmental Protection Office, Education
Office, Culture and Tourism Office, Women and Youth Office, Livestock Office, Natural Resources
Conservation and Development, District Administrator or representative, district Land Administration and
Health Offices between 23/06/2023 to 28/06/2023.
Similar consultations were conducted during this time with direct project beneficiary kebeles; Kersa Dembi
and Gobso keneles of Dubuluk district, Aadde Gelchet and Serite kebeles or the well field kebeles of Elweya
district and Hare-Wayu kebele of Yabello district. List of participants and minutes of the consultative
meetings are depicted in Annex-11 to Annex-13. Summaries of concerns and views raised by participants
are depicted in section-10 of this ESMF. During these consultative meetings sessions, objectives of the
program were presented by the team and various information including the likely positive and negative
impacts and possible mitigation measures for respective impacts thoroughly discussed by participants.
1.5.2.4 Secondary Data Collection

Available secondary data was collected from district key stakes; Borena Zone Land administration, the
Part-2 project districts; Dubuluk, Elweya and Yabello districts and from five representative project kebeles
using questionnaires. The district sectors are the agriculture and pastoral development crop production,

natural resources development, land administration office, livestock development, health office, water and
energy office, women and youth office and culture and tourism office. The questionnaires were provided
them after stakeholders consultative meeting were conducted and they “the sectors heads or representatives”
were aware through the consultative meetings.
Similarly, kebele level data collection questionnaires were also provided them after participated the kebele
level consultative meetings and they got awareness about the Part 2 project and the program as a whole.
The kebeles are Hara Wayu Kebele of Yabello district, Gobso and Kersa Dembi kebeles of Dubuluk district
and Adde Gelchet and Sarite kebeles of Elweya district. The questionnaires (See Annex-15.1 to Annex
15.10) request baseline data & information as per each sector areas.

2. PROGRAM DESCRIPTION
Borana Resilient Water Development for Improved Livelihoods Program (BRWDLP), Part -2 Project is
continuation of Part-I of the ongoing project by the African Development Bank (AfDB) support. These
Part-2 project activities cover the wellfield (reticulation), Dubulk and Wieb subsystems. The districts and
kebeles included in this Part 2 of the project are Elweya District (Southern part of Sarite kebele, Adde
Gelchet Kebeles), Dubuluk District (Northern part of Gobso kebele, Kersa Denbi kebele based on the
present kebele boundaries arrangement) and Hare wayu kebele of Yabelo District.
This part 2 of the program will be financed through an AfDB grant to cover water development and
sanitation interventions which include the outstanding unfinanced scopes in the Wellfield areas, the Dubulk
and the Web sub-systems which are the epicenters of droughts. The project will support the Government of
Ethiopia to implement the already identified strategic actions in Borana Zone of Oromia National Regional
State. In addition, the program helps in reducing extreme poverty by extending piped water services to the
pastoral communities and low-income households that will be supported by specific activities under the
following sections of the project components. The project contains three components; Water Infrastructure
Development for Multi-Sector Use and improved sanitation, Integrated Water Resources Management and
Project Management.
2.1 Program Objective

The Program adheres to the AfDB strategy on Addressing Resilient Water Development for Improved
Livelihoods Program. The Program is to support the critical water supply problems in quantity and quality
of the Borana Zone of Oromia National Regional State of Ethiopia. The Program objective is to support
projects under the program for eliminating and/or minimizing the critical water supply problems of the
program areas.
The program objective is to develop climate resilient and gender sensitive integrated and sustainable water
and sanitation services among pastoralist communities in dry land areas of Borana zone of the Oromia
National Regional State for improved health, livelihoods, and nutrition and food security. The program
focuses on drought impacts sustainable recovery and resilience in water related sectors, using an IWRM
approach. Key project indicators include (i) increased access to potable water and sanitation of the
population, (ii) improve water for livestock and (iii) increased land area under sustainable landscape
management practices.
2.2 Location and Water Accessibility of the Program

The Wellfields areas of the program are two, the Gelchet kebele of Elweya District at about 80 km from
Yabello on the asphalt road to south west of the town and the other wellfield is located in Sarite area of the
district at about 62 km from Yabello Town to the northwest direction along the Yabello-Taltalle road. The
center of the project area is located at Yabello Town at 568 km south of Addis Ababa, the capital city of
Ethiopia on the main asphalt road to Moyale at the Kenyan border. The second path is using another asphalt
road from Addis Ababa to Arbaminch and Konso and then travel on dry weather road leading to Yabello

in the northwest. Most of the project areas can be reached by driving along dry gravel and earth roads
connected to the main highway
The wider water supply program (BRWDILP) encompasses rural areas and 8 district centers and villages
of Borana Zone; Yabello, Arero, Wachile, Gamole Dubluk, Dugda-Dawa, Dire and Elweya districts of the
zone. The Water Supply program is within the geographic coordinates of 5°08' N latitude and 39°03'E
longitude at Surupha and 4°21' N latitude and 38°16'E longitude at Dubuluk; and 5°20'N latitude and
37°38'E longitude at Sarite and 4°32' latitude and 39°03'E longitude at Wachile. The overall Program areas
spatially extend over a large territory; about 19,285 km2 that includes 62 Kebeles, of which 50 rural Kebeles
and 12 small towns and urban centers. In addition, the program also provides water for livestock in
aforementioned districts. The water source is groundwater to be abstracted from 11 Boreholes found at
Gelchet and Sarite areas. The program is designed to create access to safe and adequate water supply service
for 308,576 human and 975,750 livestock populations residing in Borana Zone shown in Figure 2.1 areas.
Figure2.1: Location of the Program area
2.3 Program Design and Components

The Program development objective is to improve access to climate resilient and gender sensitive integrated
and sustainable water and sanitation services to pastoralist communities in dry land areas of the Borana area
of the Oromia region. Specific objectives include: (i) improve access of the population to improved WSS
services (ii) improve water access for livestock and (iii) improve catchment management for reduced
degradation.
At this Part 2 Project of the program about 308,576 human and 975,750 livestock are expected to be
benefited from the resilient water supply and sanitation infrastructure, livestock watering and water
resource and micro watershed management subprojects proposed to be funded under the program by 2030.
The program will be implemented in three parts over 4-year duration.
The program components include: (i) Water Infrastructure development for multi-sector use and improved
sanitation, (ii) Integrated Water Resources Management and (iii) Project Management. Part 1 of

Component 1, provides water services for an estimated 24,810 people and 83,000 livestock. The financing
Plan is presented in Table2.1. The wider program will cover an estimated 50 rural villages (kebeles) and 12
small towns of the Borana zone. An estimated 308, 576 human and 975,750 livestock are expected to benefit
from the resilient water supply and sanitation infrastructure, livestock watering and water resource, and
micro watershed management subprojects proposed to be funded under the program by 2030. The program
will be implemented in three Parts over 4-year duration.
The program components include: (i) Water Infrastructure development for multi-sector use and improved
sanitation, (ii) Integrated water Resources Management and (iii) Project Management. The details of
BRWDLP Part 2 project components are discussed below.
2.3.1 Component 1-Water Infrastructure Development and improved sanitation.

Subcomponent 1-1. Infrastructure investments in water supply. This subcomponent will finance goods,
works and services (incl. construction supervision) for climate-resilient multiple-use water sources.
Activities will include (i) construction, and optimization of water production, transmission mains,
treatment, reservoirs, distribution systems, connections for delivering water for people, livestock, and small
holder agriculture and (ii) application of climate adaptation measures such as conjunctive use and storage,
to strengthen resilience to droughts. This component will provide water troughs, distributed within the
program area to ensure access to water for livestock. Although the primary energy source is hydropower
based, the infrastructure services will use, solar pumping in hybrid mode, thereby contributing to reduction
in greenhouse gas emissions. The program will increase efficiency through a digital supervisory control
and data acquisition system (SCADA)1 and smart metering technologies.
Subcomponent 1-2: Investments in sanitation and hygiene services. This subcomponent will finance
works and services for improved sanitation. Interventions will include improving sanitation facilities in
schools, complemented by hygiene education, construction of public sanitation facilities and retrofitting of
existing sanitary facilities in schools and health centers. The sanitation and hygiene education programs
will be deployed through school systems using training, dissemination of materials and public campaigns.
WASH campaigns will target women’s groups for delivery of key messages.
Subcomponent 1-3: Institutional Strengthening. This subcomponent will build the institutional capacity
at regional, zonal and district levels. It will strengthen community-level WASH management systems;
support operational improvements, including non-revenue water (NRW) reduction (details in Annex 1-7).
In addition, technical assistance will support water services regulation at regional and district levels, and
the development of local rural water supply tariffs2 in the form of household contributions to fund the
maintenance of rural water supplies. Training topics will include techniques for leakage control; asset
management; and operation maintenance of the WSS systems. The program will promote private sector
participation through provision of start-up support packages (for example, testing equipment and tools) to
assist with the transition to operations. The program will assign women/youth groups to manage public
water and sanitation facilities - thereby improving income generation and enhancing sustainability.
1 SCADA refers to Supervisory control and data acquisition. It is one of the tools the Bank recommends for digital transformation of WSS and sanitation systems. It helps staff
monitor and address system problems across the network efficiently. Each piece of equipment that requires monitoring, from valves to tanks, is equipped with sensors.
2
The program will support the development of rural water tariffs and will consider a connection subsidy strategy targeting the poorest and most vulnerable residents.

2.3.2 Component 2: Integrated Water Resources Management

Sub-component 2-1: Knowledge generation for aquifer sustainability. This sub program will support
interventions which include aquifer knowledge base to enhance decision-making and facilitate climate-
informed and strategies, strengthened water resources monitoring, upgrade of the existing groundwater
database, installation of hydro-metrological systems, monitoring groundwater abstraction and compliance.
Sub-component 2-2. Catchment management and rehabilitation. This subcomponent aims to rehabilitate
targeted sub-catchments to protect water sources, improve water quality, and increase sustainable water
use, thereby increasing resilience to droughts. Activities will include community mobilization, re-greening
overgrazed areas, managed aquifer recharge, soil and water conservation, training with focus on promoting
fodder production and storage, rangeland management to introduce rotational grazing and stocking rate
limits. The program will support women group participation in the implementation of interventions.
2.3.3 Component 3: Project Management

Sub-component 3-1: Project Management. This subcomponent will finance the management costs of the
Project Implementation Team (PIT, already in place) at federal, regional, and zonal levels related to staffing,
operating costs, knowledge management, outreach, supervision quality control, contract management,
safeguards compliance and consultancies, including internal and external financial audits.
Subcomponent 3-2: Contingent Emergency Response. A zero-cost subcomponent will support rapid
response emergency needs, as needed (Annex 1-8). This will allow for reallocation of uncommitted funds
under the grant in the event of an eligible emergency. Emergencies that may disrupt the development
program for water service delivery could include (i) Droughts—leading to lack of water supply for human
consumption and livestock (ii) Floods—destruction, contamination, and limited access to water supply
services and (iii) Water-borne disease outbreaks—localized epidemics related to consumption of
contaminated water. Interventions would be triggered through formal declaration of a national emergency
and upon a formal request from the GoE to the Bank through the Ministry of Finance. Implementation will
follow an Implementation Plan satisfactory to the Bank that will be prepared for each eligible emergency.
2.4 Water Supply Components, Routes and Main Activities

Part 2 Project of the wider BRWDILP program contains different water supply components listed below.
It also contains three major routes; Dubuluk Water supply Route, Weib Water Supply Route of Elweyu
district and the Well field area and the Yabello district water supply route as shown in Figure2.2.
Accordingly, the main activities of this Part 2 Project of the wider program are:
• Transmission network of 60km,
• Distribution network of about 253 km,
• Construction of Public Fountain (Six Faucets) 200 in number,
• 130 Double Cattle Troughs at different sites of the part2 project areas,
• Construction of ten standard 1000 m3 Reinforced Concrete Reservoirs with chlorination plants,
• Construction of VIP Latrines,
• Construction of two BPSs, Buildings and Miscellaneous Civil Works,
• Watershed management Interventions of about 600 ha,

• Aquifer management systems, and

• Institutional measures in which capacity strengthening and Tariff Systems updating takes place.
The water supply route of this Part 2 of the wider program is shown in Figure2.2.
Figure2. 2: Part 2 of the Borana Resilient Water Development for Improved Livelihoods Program
2.5 Boreholes / Well fields

The borehole sites are located at Gelchet and Sarite well field areas located at 80 and 62 km southwest and
west of Yabello town respectively. A total of 11 boreholes, 9 at Gelchet and 2 at Sarite well fields are
planned to be executed in this Part-2 of the wider program. Raw water extraction facilities (submersible
electric pump and surface pipe work) and back-up generator sets are also planned at the boreholes’ sites.
Generators houses that comprise concrete slab structure with concrete brick walls and corrugated iron
roofing and construction of operators’ dwellings and guardhouses are also in the plan at the well fields. The
compound of all the borehole site facilities will be fenced by barbed wire and the sites are shown in
Figure2.3 below.

Figure2.3: Location of the Well fields
2.6 Wellfield Collector pipes and Primary Transmission mains

Raw water from the boreholes of Gelchet wellfield will be collected by 8 km long collector pipes and lifted
to Simu reservoir by 84 km long rising pipe. Then water is transferred from Simu reservoir to Dubulk and
Weib system via transmission lines of different sizes (Figure2.2). As per the design, the transmission lines
will be laid at an average depth trench depth of 1.2 to1.4 meter. Here, the major civil work expected along
the route are excavation of trenches and pipe laying activities.
2.7 The Command Reservoir

The command reservoir is located on Simu hill near Yabello Town and has a capacity of 1000 m3 from
which the water is conveyed to pressure line routes along Yabello, Weib system, wellfield and Dubluk routes.
The Reservoir is expected to be of concrete construction, established on a concrete foundation. The
proposed reservoir sites provide adequate elevation to allow gravity supply.
2.8 The Transmission lines

At this Part-2 of the program, water from the main command reservoir will be supplied by gravity towards
Yabello, Weib system and Dubluk routes via transmission lines (Figure2.2). The gravity main will be DN
200 and the chosen material is Ductile Iron for pipes.

2.9 Service Reservoirs

At this Part 2 project, ten water storage reservoirs are to be constructed in different parts of the water
transmission route. The reservoirs are expected to be concrete, established on a concrete foundation. The
reservoir sites provide adequate elevation to allow gravity supply to the whole distribution system.
2.10 Part 2 Project Beneficiaries

This Part 2 project benefits 308,576 human and 975,750 livestock along the three water supply routes;
Dubluk, Well-fields and Weib system areas of Elweya district and along the transmission line to Semu Hill
Top of Yabello district where the main reservoir is to be constructed.

3. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK
The project proponent needs to ensure that its project activities are in line with all relevant national policies,
legislations and standards operating in Ethiopia, African development Bank’s policies, procedures and
standards and other relevant international standards. In this chapter relevant policies, legal and
administrative framework that are relevant to this project are covered. The project proponent shall observe
these frameworks in the designing and implementing the proposed project activities.
3.1 Constitution of FDRE

As a supreme law of Ethiopia, all national policies, laws and regulations as well as institutional frameworks
of the country must comply with the constitutional provisions. The constitution of FDRE, proclamation
1/1995 contains a number of articles, which are relevant to environmental matters in connection with
development objectives as well as to the Environment in general. The Constitution specifically deals with
the right to development, environmental rights, and environmental objectives respectively, and some of the
main provisions are listed as follows:
Article 25- Right to Equality: All persons are equal before the law and are entitled without any
discrimination to the equal protection of the law. In this respect, the law shall guarantee to all persons equal
and effective protection without discrimination on grounds of race, nation, nationality, or other social
origin, color, sex, language, religion, political or other opinions, property, birth or other status.
Article 35- Rights of Women: The historical legacy of inequality and discrimination suffered by women in
Ethiopia considered, women, to remedy this legacy, are entitled to affirmative measures. The purpose of
such measures shall be to provide special attention to women so as to enable them to compete and participate
on the basis of equality with men in political, social, and economic life as well as in public and private
institutions
• Women have the right to full consultation in the formulation of national development policies, the
designing, and execution of projects, and particularly in the case of projects affecting the interests
of women.
• Women have the right to acquire, administer, control, use and transfer property. In particular, they
have equal rights with men with respect to use, transfer, administration, and control of land. They
shall also enjoy equal treatment in the inheritance of property.
• Women shall have a right to equality in employment, promotion, pay, and the transfer of pension
entitlements.
Article 37- Right of Access to Justice: Everyone has the right to bring a justifiable matter to, and to obtain
a decision or judgment by, a court of law or any other competent body with judicial power.
Article 39- Rights of Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples: Every Nation, Nationality and People in Ethiopia
have the right to a full measure of self-government which includes the right to establish institutions of
government in the territory that it inhabits and to equitable representation in State and Federal Governments.

Article 40- The Right to Property: This Article stated that:

• "Private property", for the purpose of this Article, shall mean any tangible or intangible product
which has value and is produced by the labor, creativity, enterprise, or capital of an individual
citizen, associations which enjoy juridical personality under the law, or in appropriate
circumstances by communities specifically empowered by law to own property in common.
• The right to ownership of rural and urban land, as well as of all natural resources, is exclusively
vested in the State and in the peoples of Ethiopia. Land is a common property of the Nations,
Nationalities, and Peoples of Ethiopia and shall not be subject to sale or to other means of exchange.
• Ethiopian peasants have right to obtain land without payment and the protection against eviction
from their possession. Implementations of this provision shall be specified by law.
Ethiopian pastoralists have the right to free land for grazing and cultivation as well as the right not to be
displaced from their own lands. The implementation shall be specified by law.
• Every Ethiopian shall have the full right to the immovable property he builds and to the permanent
improvements he brings about on the land by his labor or capital. This right shall include the right
to alienate, to bequeath, and, where the right of use expires, to remove his property, transfer title,
or claim compensation for it. Particulars shall be determined by law.
• Without prejudice to the right to private property, the government may expropriate private property
for public purposes subject to payment in advance of compensation commensurate to the value of
the property
Article 41 Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights (Social development, inclusion, consultation, and
participation)
• Provides the rights of citizens in engaging freely in economic activities, choose livelihoods, create
and expand job opportunities for the unemployed including to find gainful employment.
• Ensure improved living standards and sustainable development to the nations, nationalities and
peoples of Ethiopia.
• Ensures Ethiopians have the right to ownership of rural and urban land, as well as of all natural
resources, is exclusively vested in the State and in the peoples of Ethiopia. Land is a common
property of the Nation/s, Nationalities and Peoples of Ethiopia and shall not be subject to sale or to
other means of exchange.
• Every person has the inviolable and inalienable right to life, the security of person and liberty.
• Ensure Ethiopian farmers and pastoralists receive fair prices for their products, obtain an equitable
share of the national wealth commensurate with their contribution.
• Vulnerable groups support and assistance encompass the physically and mentally disabled, the
aged, and to children who are left without parent or guardian.
• Equal access to public social services, with FDRE obligation to allocate resources to provide to the
public health, education and other social services.
• Ensure participation and meaningful consultation of the nations, nationalities and peoples of
Ethiopia to enhance the capacity of citizens for development and to meet their basic needs.
• The constitution provides the right to hold opinions without interference to seek receive and impart
information and ideas and freedom of association for any cause or purpose.
• Protect & preserve historical & cultural legacies &contribute to the promotion of the arts &sport

Article 43 right to development Article 43 of the FDRE constitution states, that:

• The peoples of Ethiopia as a whole and each Nation, Nationality and people in Ethiopia in particular
have the right to improve living standards and to sustainable development; Nations have the right
to participate in national development and, in particular, to be consulted with respect to policies
and projects affecting their community;
• All international Agreements and relations concluded, established or conducted by the state shall
protect and ensure Ethiopia’s right to sustainable development;
• All international Agreements and relations concluded, established or conducted by the state shall
protect & ensure Ethiopia’s right to sustainable development, and
• The basic aim of development activities shall be to enhance the capacity of citizens for development
and to meet basic needs.
Article 44 states about Environmental right as below:

• All persons have the right to live in a clean and healthy environment, and
• All persons who have been displaced or whose livelihoods have been adversely affected as a result
of state programs have the right to compensation, including relocation with adequate state
assistance.
Article 92 of FDRE also includes the following Environmental objectives:

• Government shall endeavor to ensure that all Ethiopians live in a clean and healthy environment;
• The design and implementation of programs and development shall not damage or destroy the
environment;
• People have the right to full consultation and the expression of views in the planning and
implementation of environmental policies and projects that affect them directly, and
• Government and citizens shall have the duty to protect the environment.
In general, the constitution has laid down the policy and legal bases regarding environmental management,
to harmonize and integrating environmental considerations into a decision-making process in a manner that
promotes sustainable development.
3.2 National Policy Frameworks

3.2.1 Environmental Policy of Ethiopia (EPE)
The Environmental Policy of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (EPE) was approved by the
Council of Ministers in April 1997 (EPA/MEDAC 1997). It is based on the CSE, which was developed
through a consultation process over the period 1989-1995. The policy has the broad aim of rectifying
previous policy failures and deficiencies, which in the past have led to serious environmental degradation.
It is fully integrated and compatible with the overall long term economic development strategy of the
country, known as Agricultural Development Led Industrialization (ADLI), and other key national policies
like the National Population Policy and the National Policy on Women.
The overall EPE’s goal is to improve and enhance the health and quality of life of all Ethiopians and to
promote sustainable social and economic development through the adoption of sound management and use
of natural, human-made and cultural resources and the environment as a whole so as to meet the needs of
the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. To
this end, the Government of Ethiopia has issued several sectoral policies.

Some of the specific objectives of the Policy include sustainable utilization of non- renewable resources,
identifying and developing natural resources that are currently underutilized, accounting for the full costs
and benefits of natural resource development and empowering and encouraging public participation in
environmental management issues.
The section of the EPA concerning EIA sets out a number of policies, key elements of which may be
summarized as follows:
• The need for EIA to address social, socio-economic, political and cultural impacts, in addition to
physical and biological impacts, and for public consultation to be integrated within the EIA
procedures.
• Incorporation of impact containment measures within the design process for both public and private
sector development projects, and for mitigation measures and accident contingency plans to be
incorporated within environmental impact statements (EISs).
• Creation of a legal framework for the EIA process, together with a suitable and coordinated
institutional framework for the execution and approval of ESIAs and environmental audits.
• Development of detailed technical sectoral guidelines for ESIA and environmental auditing, and
• Development of ESIA and environmental auditing capacity and capabilities within the EPA,
sectoral ministries, and agencies, as well as in the regions.
The Policy has been developed as a national instrument enhancing the objectives of the Constitution and
setting out clear cut directions with respect to environmental concerns particularly in terms of regulatory
measures adopted as well as in the process of design, implementation and operation of development
projects. Its recognition of the significance of addressing cross-sectoral environmental issues in the context
of a national approach to environmental assessment and management integrates the efforts of a wide range
of institutions across the country. It provides a sound and rational basis for addressing the country’s
environmental problems in a coordinated manner.
3.2.2 Water resource policy

Ethiopian Water Resource Management Policy, Proclamation No 197/2000, was formulated in 1998 for
comprehensive and integrated water resources management towards efficient, equitable, and optimal
utilization of the available water resources for socio-economic development on a sustainable basis. The
specific objectives of the policy include:
• To promote development of the water resources of the country for economic and social benefits of
the people, on equitable and sustainable basis;
• To allocate and apportion the water, based on comprehensive and integrated plans and optimum
allocation principles that incorporate efficiency of use, equity of access, and sustainability of
resources:
• To manage and combat drought as well as other drought associated impacts, and disasters through
efficient allocation, redistribution, transfer, storage and efficient use of water resources; and
• To conserve, protect and enhance water resources and the overall aquatic environment on
sustainable bases.
The document includes policies to establish and institutionalize environment conservation and protection
requirements as integral parts of water resources planning and project development.

3.2.3 Public Health policy

Ethiopia in general, has a low level of health, even in comparison with other Sub-Saharan countries. This
is largely related to low levels of income and widespread poverty, low levels of education, nutritional
deficiencies, poor environmental conditions, and inadequate access to health services. The government has
therefore, assigned a very high priority to significantly improving health care and, in 1998, issued a health
policy based on the following main principles:
• Democratization and decentralization of the health care system;
• Promotion of disease preventive components;
• Ensuring accessibility to health care for the whole population;
• Promotion of private sector and NGO participation in the provision of health care;
• Development of appropriate capacity based on needs assessment, and
• Promotion and strengthening of inter-sectoral activities through a national self-reliance program.
The priority areas of the policy are in the field of Information Education and Communication (IEC) of
health to create awareness and behavioral change of the society towards health issues, emphasis on the
control of communicable disease, epidemics, and on diseases that are related to malnutrition and poor living
condition, promotion of occupational health and safety, the development of environmental health,
rehabilitation of health infrastructures, appropriate health service management system, attention to
traditional medicines, carrying out applied health research, provision of essential medicines, and expansion
of frontline and middle level health professionals.
3.2.4 National Policy on women

This Policy was issued in March 1993 emphasizing that all economic and social programs and activities
should ensure equal access of men and women to the Country ‘s resources and in the decision-making
process, so that Women can benefit equally from all activities carried out by the Federal and Regional
Institution. The Policy objectives are:
• Laws, regulations, systems, policies and policies and development plans that are issued by the
Government should ensure the equality of men and women; special emphasis should be given to
the participation of rural women.
• Economic, social and political policies and program, as well as cultural and traditional practices
and activities, should ensure equal access of men and women to the country ‘s resources and the
decision-making process;
• The central government and regional administrations should ensure that women participate in and
benefit fully from all activities carried out by central and regional institutions, and
• Development institutions, program and projects should ensure women’s access to and involvement
in all interventions and activities.
3.2.5 National population policy

This Policy was issued in April 1993 and aims at closing the gap between high population growth and low
economic productivity through a planned reduction in population growth combined with an increase in
economic returns. With specific reference to natural resources, the main objectives of National Population
Policy are:

• Making population and economic growth compatible and the over-exploitation of natural resources
unnecessary;
• Ensuring spatially balanced population distribution patterns, with a view to maintaining
environmental security and extending the scope of development activities;
• Improving productivity of agriculture and introducing off-farm/nonagricultural activities for the
purpose of employment diversification, and
• Maintaining and improving the carrying capacity of the environment by taking appropriate
environmental protection and conservation measures.
3.2.6 National biodiversity policy

The National Biodiversity Policy (NBP) was established in 1998 based on a holistic ecosystem approach
to conserve, develop and utilize the country's biodiversity resources. Integration of biodiversity
conservation and development in federal and regional sectoral development initiatives, and mobilization of
international cooperation and assistance, have been identified as the principal strategies for implementation
of the policy.
The policy provides for guidance towards effective conservation, rational development, and sustainable
utilization of the country’s biodiversity, and contains comprehensive policy provisions for the conservation
and sustainable utilization of biodiversity. Protection of biodiversity-related traditional indigenous
knowledge and communities' benefit sharing arrangements are not yet effective. Similarly, the potential of
biodiversity-related opportunities has not yet been exploited to enhance sustainable livelihood to the desired
level. However, there is a general understanding with respect to changing the management approach in
order to bring about the desired benefits.
Wetlands are considered among the most productive type of ecosystem in the world, providing benefits far
in excess of those obtained from alternative uses to which they are subjected. Ethiopia is endowed with vast
wetlands, including a tract in the project area; however, efforts towards their conservation and sustainable
utilization are very limited, and no clear policy and legislative framework have been designed.
3.2.7 Land Tenure Policy

The Constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) states that the right to ownership
of rural and urban land, as well as all-natural resources, is exclusively vested in the State and People of
Ethiopia. Article 40 of the Constitution indicates that land is a common property of the Nations,
Nationalities, and the People of Ethiopia, and shall not be subjected to sale or to other means of transfer.
Buying and selling of land is prohibited but leasing rights is allowed. Moreover, it is the right for existing
landowner to be compensated fully and satisfactorily if land is expropriated by the state.
The Land Policy of Ethiopia strongly supports that project plans must include attractive and sustainable
resettlement strategies to the people who are going to be displaced because of the development plan, and
they must be fully convinced, compensated and have to participate in all phases of the project
implementation. Hence, this policy has laid a foundation in building trust-ship among the people who are
going to be displaced as a result of the development (in this case people displaced for the proposed Borana
water network project activities) and the implementers who have powers and duties specified under relevant

regulations. The proclamation stated as “a proclamation to determine expropriation of landholdings

for public purpose, payments of compensation and resettlement (Proclamation No. 1161/2019) and
also Council of Ministers Regulation No. 472/2020 “to provide for expropriation of land for public
purposes and valuation, compensation and resettlement.
3.2.8 National Social Protection Policy of Ethiopia

The main objectives of Social Protection Policy of Ethiopia are the following:
• Protect poor and vulnerable individuals, households, and communities from the adverse effects of
shocks and destitution;
• Increase the scope of social insurance;
• Increase access to equitable and quality health, education and social welfare services to build human
capital thus breaking the intergenerational transmission of poverty;
• Guarantee a minimum level of employment for the long term unemployed and under-employed;
• Enhance the social status and progressively realize the social and economic rights of the excluded and
marginalized, and,
• Ensure the different levels of society are taking appropriate responsibility for the implementation of
social protection policy.
3.2.9 Wildlife Policy

The main strategy and policy that address the wildlife conservation of Ethiopia is the Wildlife Policy and
Strategy of 2005 (WPS). This policy emphasizes development-oriented conservation. The main objective
of the WPS is to create conducive environment whereby the country’s wildlife and their habitats are
protected and developed in a sustainable manner, and to enable the sector to play an important role in the
economic development of the country. The policy aims to protect wildlife through proper administration of
wildlife protected areas, conservation of endemic and threatened species, and prevention of disasters and
promotion of wildlife health services. It also seeks to establish proper systems to control trafficking in
wildlife and wildlife products as well as to promote sustainable wildlife utilization. Some of the strategies
to stop trafficking include establishing check points at entry and exit points and regulation of national and
international trade in wildlife and wildlife products in accordance with national and international
conventions.
The Wildlife Policy also states that the wildlife resources of the country will be properly utilized for
sustainable tourism, hunting, trade, ranching and food. Eco-tourism will also be promoted in protected areas
and international conventions regarding wildlife and wildlife trade will be implemented. The income
secured from wildlife resources will be used to benefit local people and will be reinvested in wildlife
conservation endeavors. The income from wildlife will also be used to enhance the overall growth of the
national economy. The wildlife policy covers a wide range of policies and strategies relating, amongst
others, to wildlife conservation and protected areas. It is developed by the forms Ministry of Agriculture,
whose prime objective is the preservation, development, and sustainable utilization of Ethiopia’s wildlife
resources for social and economic development and for the integrity of the biosphere. The Policy has the
following objectives:

• To conserve, manage, develop and sustainably utilize the wildlife resource so that the country can
derive the socio-economic and ecological benefit from the resource, and
• To enable the country to discharge its obligations assumed under the international treaties regarding
the conservation and utilization of wildlife and pass the resource and benefits to the coming
generation.
3.3 Strategies
3.3.1 Conservation Strategy of Ethiopia
The Conservation Strategy of Ethiopia, which was approved by the Council of Ministers, provided a
strategic framework for integrating environmental planning into policies, programs and projects. With
regard to development of alternative energy resources and their utilization, the relevant strategies include
the following:
• Develop alternative energy sources (e.g., solar power, wind, biogas, agricultural bio-fuel, liquid bio-
fuel or small hydroelectric plants) for towns and villages remote from the national grid;
• Acquire, develop, test and disseminate appropriate and improved energy use technologies (e.g.,
improved stoves, charcoal kilns, solar powered cookers and heaters); and,
• Demonstrate and support the use of other energy sources (e.g., geothermal, solar, etc.) in the various
economic sectors where it is currently little used such as in transportation, irrigation, crop-drying, food
processing, fish drying, and thermal heating.
3.3.2 Ethiopia’s Climate-resilient Green Economy Strategy

The Government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia has initiated the Climate-Resilient Green
Economy (CRGE) initiative to protect the country from the adverse effects of climate change and to build
a green economy that will help realize its ambition of reaching middle-income status before 2025.
Ethiopia’s green economy plan is based on the following four pillars:
• Improving crop and livestock production practices for higher food security and farmer income
while reducing emissions;
• Protecting and re-establishing forests for their economic and ecosystem services, including as
carbon stocks;
• Expanding electricity generation from renewable sources of energy for domestic and regional
markets, and
• Leapfrogging to modern and energy-efficient technologies in transport, industrial sectors, and
buildings.
3.3.3 Gender mainstreaming strategy and guideline
This strategy was adopted at policy, program and project level by government and development partners to
ensure the outcomes of development to be shared equally between men and women; both men and women
enjoy equal opportunities, status and recognition. The ratification of the Family Law and amendments made
to the criminal code significantly support to fight abuses committed against woman and children.
Proclamation No, 1156/2019 gives special attention to woman and young workers. The proclamation
provides protection for woman in general and pregnant woman in particular from hard work and long hours.

The law clearly states that women should not be discriminated against as regards to employment and
payment on bases of her sex. Gender norms in Ethiopia vary widely depending on geographic location,
ethnicity, and religion, especially related to property ownership, inheritance, and the division of assets after
divorce. However, the new Family Code has changed all that. Passed in 2000, it gives equal rights to women
in marriage, and it requires all assets be divided equally among both partners in the case of a divorce. By
now, all the states in Ethiopia have approved this new Code. Ethiopia is one of many developing countries
implementing gender policy reforms, especially regarding women’s equal access to assets and resources.
3.4 Regulations, Proclamations and Procedural Guidelines

3.4.1 Establishment of environmental protection organs
The objective of this Proclamation (No. 295/2002) is to assign responsibilities to separate organizations for
environmental development and management activities on one hand, and environmental protection,
regulations, and monitoring on the other, in order to ensure sustainable use of environmental resources,
thereby avoiding possible conflicts of interest and duplication of effort. It is also intended to establish a
system that fosters coordinated but differentiated responsibilities among environmental protection agencies
at federal and regional levels.
This Proclamation re-established EPA as an autonomous government institution of the Federal Government
of Ethiopia. Furthermore, the Proclamation states that each regional state should establish an independent
regional environmental agency or designates an existing agency that shall be responsible for environmental
monitoring, protection and regulation in their respective regional states.
3.4.2 Proclamation on Environmental Impact Assessment
The aim of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Proclamation (Proc. No. 299/2002) is to make an
EIA mandatory for specified categories of activities undertaken either by the public or private sectors and
is the legal tool for environmental planning, management and monitoring.
The Proclamation elaborates on considerations with respect to the assessment of positive and negative
impacts and states that the impact of a project shall be assessed on the basis of the size, location, nature,
cumulative effect with other concurrent impacts or phenomena, trans-regional context, duration,
reversibility or irreversibility or other related effects of a project. Categories of projects that will require
full ESIA, not full EIA or no EIA are provided. To affect the requirements of this Proclamation, the EPA
has issued a Procedural and Technical EIA Guidelines, which provide details of the EIA process and its
requirements.
3.4.3 Proclamation on Environmental pollution control
This Proclamation, Proc. No. 300/2002, is mainly based on the right of each citizen to have a healthy
environment, as well as on the obligation to protect the environment of the Country and its primary objective
is to provide the basis from which the relevant ambient environmental standards applicable to Ethiopia can
be developed, and to make the violation of these standards a punishable act. The Proclamation states that
the “polluter pays‖ principle” will be applied to all persons. Under this Proclamation, the EPA is given the
mandate for the creation of the function of Environmental Inspectors. These inspectors (to be assigned by
EPA or regional environmental agencies) are given the authority to ensure the implementation and
enforcement of environmental standards and related requirements.

3.4.4 Proclamation on Ethiopian Water Resources Management

The Proclamation on Ethiopian Water Resources Management (Proc. No. 197/2000) was issued in March
2000 and provides legal requirements for Ethiopian water resources management, protection, and
utilization. The aim of the Proclamation was to ensure that water resources of the country are protected and
utilized for the highest social and economic benefits, to follow up and supervise that they are duly
conserved, ensure that harmful effects of water use are prevented, and that the management of water
resources is carried out properly.
The Proclamation defines the ownership of water resources, powers and duties of the Supervising Body,
inventory of water resources and registry of actions, permits and professional licenses, fees, and water
charges. According to the Proclamation, all water resources of the country are the common property of the
Ethiopian people and the State. As provided in the Proclamation, the Supervising Body [the Ministry
pertaining to water resources at the central level, or any organ delegated by the Ministry] shall be
responsible for the planning, management, utilization and protection of water resources. It shall also have
the necessary power for the execution of its duties under the provisions of this Proclamation. According to
Article 11 (1), no person shall perform the following activities without a permit from the Supervising Body
without prejudice to the exceptions specified under Article 12:
• Construct water works;
• Supply water, whether for his own use or for others;
• Transfer abstracted from a water resource or received from another supplies, and
• Release or discharge waste into water resources unless otherwise provided for in the regulations to
be issued for the implementation of this Proclamation.
As defined in Article 12, any person shall utilize water resources for the following purposes without
requiring a permit from the Supervising Body:
• Dig water wells by hand or use water from hand-dug wells, and
• Use water for traditional irrigation, artisanal mining, and for traditional animal rearing, as well as
for water mills.
3.4.5 Expropriation of Land Holdings and Compensation Payment Proclamation

Proclamation No. 1161/2019 also deals with the expropriation of land for development works carried out
by the government and determination of compensation for a person whose landholding has been
expropriated. It includes provisions on power to expropriate landholdings, notification of expropriation
order, responsibility for the implementing agency, and procedures for removal of utility lines. The
proclamations shall apply throughout the country in rural and urban centers in issues related to land
expropriation, compensation payment and resettlement of landholders whose land is expropriated for public
purpose. As to the principles, the proclamation includes:
• Expropriation of land for the public purpose shall be made only on the basis of approved land use
plan, urban structural plan and development master plan;
• Compensation and resettlement assistance compensation for expropriated land shall sustainably
restore the livelihood of displaced people, and
• The amount of compensation to be paid at federal, Regional, Addis Ababa and Dire Dawa for
similar properties and economic losses in the same areas shall be similar.

3.4.6 Proclamation on Rural Land Administration and Use

This Proclamation, Proc. No. 456/2005, came into effect in July 2005. The objective of the Proclamation
was to conserve and develop natural resources in rural areas by promoting sustainable land use practices.
In order to encourage farmers and pastoralists to implement measures to guard against soil erosion, the
Proclamation introduces a Rural Land Holding Certificate, which provides a level of security of tenure. The
MoA is charged with executing the Proclamation by providing support and coordinating the activities of
the regional authorities. Regional governments have an obligation to establish a competent organization to
implement the rural land administration and land use law.
According to the Proclamation, where land, which has already been registered, is to be acquired for public
works. Compensation commensurate with the improvements made to the land shall be paid to the land use
holder or substitute land shall be offered. The Proclamation imposes restrictions on the use of various
categories of land, for example wetland areas, steep slopes, land dissected by gullies, etc.
3.4.7 Wildlife Development, Conservation and Utilization Proclamation

The proclamation on Development, Conservation and Utilization of Wildlife (No. 541/2007) clearly
demarcates the responsibility of the federal and regional governments, encouraging the involvement of
local communities residing around conservation areas, and the private investors in the management of
protected areas. The proclamation has the following major objectives;
• Conserve, manage, develop and properly utilize Wildlife resources of Ethiopia;
• Creates conditions necessary for discharging governmental obligations assumed under treaties
regarding the conservation, development, and utilization of Wildlife, and
• Promote Wildlife based tourism and encourage other Wildlife investments.
The law also encourages the possibility of designing and administering protected areas by the federal and
regional governments, private investors, and local communities with respect to the criteria maintained in
the proclamation. The law allows some activities; sport hunting under permission of the authority, trade on
wildlife and their products under license, and support benefit sharing mechanisms among federal, regional
and local community from wildlife income.
The Wildlife legislation has been supported by Ethiopian Wildlife Regulation (No. 163/2008). According
to this regulation, inside protected areas (i.e., National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries and Wildlife Reserves)
the following activities are prohibited.
• Passing or transferring of any weapon;
• Hunting or fishing;
• Propelling any vehicle, aircraft or boat during hours not allowed;
• Picking, disturbing, destroying, damaging or defacing any natural or manmade object;
• Undertaking agricultural activities or preparing land for cultivation;
• Allowing grazing and watering domestic animals;
• Allowing passing through or keeping any domestic or wild animals those are stranger to an area;
• Undertake exploration and mining in the protected areas;
• Planting, cutting, chopping, removing, taking, damaging or transferring any plant species;
• Setting or attempting to set fire;

• Bee keeping or honey harvesting, removing or attempting to remove Wildlife products;

• Constructing roads or other structures or spoiling or disturbing the existing natural landscapes;
• Using spraying or disposing any pesticides or herbicides;
• Selling or offering for sale any goods or providing services, and
• Displaying any notice or advertisement at critical wildlife areas.
3.4.8 Proclamation on Public Health

Public Health Proclamation (Proc. No. 200/2000) entered into force in March 2000.The Council of
Ministers may issue regulations for the implementation of this proclamation, and the Ministry of Health
may issue directives for the implementation of the regulations issued under this Proclamation. The
objectives of the Proclamation include: enhancing popular participation in implementing the country’s
health sector policy, promoting attitudinal changes through a primary health care approach and promoting
healthy environment for the future generation.
The Proclamation has five parts. Part one is called ‗General ‘, and focuses on titles and definitions. Part
two deals with the establishment of advisory Board with powers and duties, whereas Part three is about the
appointment of Inspectors with powers and duties respectively. Part four is very comprehensive with 11
articles and other sub-articles on public health. The major articles under Part four of this Proclamation
include food quality control, food standard requirements, water quality control, occupational health control
and use of machinery, waste handling and disposal, availability of toilet facilities, control of bathing places
and pools, disposal of dead bodies, control at entrance and exit ports, communicable diseases and the
requirement of health permit and registration before resumption and after completion of construction. Part
five is on Miscellaneous Provisions–including obligation to cooperate, penalty, repealed and applicable
laws, power to issue regulations, power to issue directives and, effective date.
3.4.9 Proclamation on Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritage

The Authority for Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritage (ARCCH) has been established by
Proclamation No. 209/2000 as a government institution with a legal personality. The Proclamation has also
provisions for the management of cultural heritages in part two, exploration, discovery, and study of
Cultural Heritages in part three, and miscellaneous provisions in part four.
Article 41 of the Proclamation deals with Fortuitous Discovery of Cultural Heritages and Sub-Article 1
states that any person who discovers any Cultural Heritage in the course of an excavation connected to
mining explorations, building works, road construction, or other similar activities or in the course of any
other fortuitous event, shall forthwith report to the Authority for Research and Conservation of Cultural
Heritage (ARCCH), and shall protect and keep it intact until the Authority takes delivery thereof. Sub-
Article 2, on the other hand, states that the Authority shall, upon receipt of a report submitted pursuant to
Sub-Article (1) hereof, take all appropriate measures to examine, take delivery of and register the Cultural
Heritage so discovered.

3.4.10 Proclamations on Persons with Disability and Vulnerable groups

Proclamation No. 568/2008 is on rights to employment for Persons with disabilities: makes null and void
any law, practice, custom, attitude, and other discriminatory situations that limit equal opportunities for
persons with disabilities. It also requires employers to provide an appropriate environment for work,
training and take affirmative measures, particularly when employing women with disabilities.
3.5 Environmental assessment guidelines

In order to implement environmental laws, environmental guidelines have been issued by EPA among
which the technical and procedural ESIA guidelines were issued in 2000 and 2003 respectively. The
guidelines help developers, competent agencies and other stakeholders in carrying out ESIAs in a
transparence way.
The Guidelines follow conventional patterns adopted in many other countries and make provisions for
screening, scoping, identification and evaluation of impacts, development of environmental management
and monitoring plans, alternatives considerations, ESIA report structure and information requirements, etc.
The procedural guideline details required procedures for conducting ESIA, permit requirements, stages and
procedures involved in ESIA processes and roles and responsibilities of parties involved in ESIA processes.
It also includes categories of projects (schedule of activities) concerning requirements of ESIA and list of
project types under each category.
The technical guideline specifies tools particularly standards and guidelines that may be considered when
engaging in the ESIA process, and detail key issues for environmental assessment in specific development
sectors. The Guideline provides the categories, the relevant requirements for an ESIA and lists project types
under each category. In accordance with this Guideline, projects are categorized into three schedules:
• Category 1: Projects are project that are expected to have adverse significant environmental
impacts and therefore, require a full Environmental Impact Assessment;
• Category 2: Projects whose type; scale or other relevant characteristics have potential to cause
some significant environmental impacts but are not likely to warrant a full ESIA study, and
• Category 3: Projects which would have no impact and do not require an ESIA.
The ESIA laws and guidelines of Ethiopia require the preparation of environmental impact statement (ESIA
report) and its submission to the EPA or REA for projects requiring ESIA. The legal documents also state
that an ESIA report should contain sufficient information that enable the determination of whether or under
what conditions the project should proceed. Furthermore, they include a list of contents that should be in
the report as a minimum requirement.
3.6 African Development Bank Environmental & Social Policies, Procedures & Standards
The environmental and social safeguards of the African Development Bank (AfDB, or the Bank) are a
cornerstone of the Bank’s support for inclusive economic growth and environmental sustainability in
Africa. As the Bank adapts to emerging environmental and social development challenges, safeguards can
quickly become out of date. To this end, AfDB has developed an Integrated Safeguards System (ISS) based
on the two previous safeguard policies namely; Involuntary Resettlement (2003) and Environment (2004)

and other three cross-cutting policies and strategies: Gender (2001), the Climate Risk management and
Adaptation Strategy (2009) and the Civil Society Engagement Framework (2012).
Bank’s sector policies: Health (1996), Integrated Water Resources Management (2000), Agriculture and
Rural Development (2000, 2010), and Poverty Reduction (2004). It brings these policies and strategies into
a consolidated framework that is intended to enhance the effectiveness and relevance of the Bank’s work.
The ISS contains four interrelated components;
• The Integrated Safeguards Policy Statement – Describes common objectives of the Bank’s
safeguards and lays out policy principles. It is designed to be applied to current and future lending
modalities, and it takes into account the various capacities and needs of regional member countries
in both the public and private sectors.
• Operational Safeguards (OSs) – are a set of five safeguard requirements that Bank clients are
expected to meet when addressing social and environmental impacts and risks.
• Environmental and Social Assessment Procedures (ESAPs) – provide guidance on the specific
procedures that the Bank and its borrowers or clients should follow to ensure that Bank operations
meet the requirements of the OSs at each stage of the Bank’s project cycle.
• Integrated Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (IESIA) – Guidance Notes provide
technical guidance to the Bank’s borrowers or clients on standards on sector issues, such as roads
and railways, hydropower, or fisheries, or on methodological approaches clients or borrowers are
expected to adopt to meet OS standards.
The operational safeguards are the major components of the Bank’s ISS intended for:
• Better integrate considerations of environmental and social impacts into Bank operations to
promote sustainability and long-term development in Africa,
• Prevent projects from adversely affecting the environment and local communities or, where
prevention is not possible, minimize, mitigate and/or compensate for adverse effects and maximize
development benefits,
• Systematically consider the impact of climate change on the sustainability of investment projects
and the contribution of projects to global greenhouse gas emissions,
• Delineate the roles and responsibilities of the Bank and its borrowers or clients in implementing
projects, achieving sustainable outcomes, and promoting local participation, and
• Assist regional member countries and borrowers/ clients in strengthening their own safeguards
systems and their capacity to manage environmental and social risks.
3.6.1 The 2013 Integrated Safeguards Systems (ISS) of the AfDB

Environmental and Social sustainability is a key to economic growth and poverty reduction in Africa. The
Bank’s Strategy for 2013-2022 emphasizes the need to assist regional member countries in their efforts to
achieve inclusive growth and transition to green growth. In addition, the Bank is committed to ensuring the
social and environmental sustainability of the projects it supports. The ISS is designed to promote the

sustainability of project outcomes by protecting the environment and people from the potentially adverse
impacts of projects. The safeguards aim to:
• To identify and assess the environmental and social impacts (including gender) and climate change
vulnerability issues of Bank lending and grant financed operations in their area of influence;
• Avoid adverse impacts of projects on the environment and affected people, while maximizing
potential development benefits to the extent possible;
• Minimize, mitigate, and/ or compensate for adverse impacts on the environment and affected
people when avoidance is not possible;
• Ensure that affected communities have timely access to information in suitable forms
• About Bank operations and are consulted meaningfully about issues that may affect them;
• Help borrowers/clients to strengthen their safeguard systems and develop the capacity to manage
environmental and social risks, and
• The Bank requires that borrowers/ clients comply with these safeguards’ requirements during
project preparation and implementation. The Integrated Safeguards Policy Statement sets out the
basic tenets that guide and underpin the Bank’s approach to environmental safeguards.
3.6.2 Operational Safeguard of African Development Bank

The AfDB (the Bank) has adopted five OSs, limiting their number to just what is required to achieve the
goals and optimal functioning of the ISS.
3.6.2.1 Operational safeguard 1 (OS1): - Environmental and Social Assessment:

This OS1 is the overarching safeguard that governs the process of determining a project’s environmental
and social category and the resulting environmental and social assessment requirements. The objective is
to mainstream environmental and social considerations-including those related to climate change
vulnerability into Bank operations and thereby contribute to sustainable development in the region. It also
ensures that appropriate decisions are taken through a comprehensive analysis of various activities and their
respective likely impacts.
The specific objectives are to:

• Mainstream environmental, climate change, and social considerations into Country Strategy Papers
(CSPs) and Regional Integration Strategy Papers (RISPs);
• Identify and assess the environmental and social impacts and risks—including those related to
gender, climate change, and vulnerability—of Bank lending and grant-financed operations in their
areas of influence;
• Avoid or, if avoidance is not possible, minimize, mitigate and compensate for adverse impacts on
the environment and affected communities;

• Provide for stakeholders’ participation during the consultation process so that affected communities
and stakeholders have timely access to information in suitable forms about Bank operations, and
are consulted meaningfully about issues that may affect them;
• Ensure the effective management of environmental and social risks in projects during and after
implementation, and
• Contribute to strengthening regional member country (RMC) systems for environmental and social
risk management by assessing and building their capacity to meet AfDB requirements set out in
the Integrated Safeguards System (ISS).
This section covers areas related to the general environment i.e., physical (land, water, air, climate,), socio-
economic and cultural (occupational, gender, human well-being, and safety; physical cultural resources) of
the community, trans-boundary, global impacts including pollution control (greenhouse gas (GHG)
emissions), and vulnerability to climate-change effects. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment
(ESIA) is conducted to identify the various hazards or risk assessments and recommended the respective
mitigation measures to be included in the environmental and social management plan (ESMP). The
Borrowers or clients are responsible for conducting environmental and social assessment (Strategic
Environmental and Social Assessment (SESA) or Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, or (ESIA)
and developing as an integral part of project documentation, appropriate plan for managing possible impacts
and additional actions and assessments. The plans and assessments are Environmental and Social
Management Plans, climate change vulnerability assessment, public consultation, community impacts,
appraisal and treatment of vulnerable groups and grievance procedures.
The Project has been subjected to full ESIA to meet this policy requirement which makes the proposed
project eligible for the African Development Bank (AfDB) financing. The environmental and social impact
assessment will include the project area of influence, a comprehensive scoping of the project’s components,
consideration of alternatives, assessment of impacts, including cumulative impacts, where relevant,
mitigation and management measures, etc. In this regard, the Borrower or client (Oromia Water and Energy
Bureau) is responsible for conducting the environmental and social assessment and developing and
disclosing an Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA), acceptable to the bank standard before
the commencement of project construction.
3.6.2.2 Operational Safeguard 2 (OS2): Involuntary Resettlement, Land Acquisition, Population

Displacement and Compensation
This safeguard consolidates the policy commitments and requirements set out in the Bank’s policy on
involuntary resettlement and incorporates refinements designed to improve operational effectiveness of
those requirements. In particular, it embraces comprehensive and forward-looking notions of livelihood
and assets, accounting for their social, cultural and economic dimensions. It also adopts definitions of
community and common property that emphasizes need to maintain social cohesion, community structures
and social inter-linkages that common property provides. The Operational Safeguard 2 (OS2) aims to
facilitate operationalization of the Bank’s 2003 Involuntary Resettlement Policy in the context of the
requirements of OS1 and thereby mainstream resettlement considerations into Bank operations.

The specific objectives of this OS 2 are to:

• Avoid involuntary resettlement where feasible, or minimize resettlement impacts where
involuntary resettlement is unavoidable, explore all viable project designs;
• Ensure that displaced people receive significant resettlement assistance, preferably under the
project, so that their standards of living, income earning capacity, production levels, and overall
means of livelihood are improved beyond pre-project levels; and
• Set up mechanisms for monitoring performances of involuntary resettlement programs in Bank
operations and remedying problems as they arise so as to safeguard against ill-prepared and poorly
implemented resettlement plans.
The safeguard retains the requirement to provide compensation at full replacement cost; reiterates the
importance of resettlement that improves standards of living, income-earning capacity, and overall means
of livelihood; and emphasizes the need to ensure that social considerations, such as gender, age, and stakes
in the project outcome, do not disenfranchise particular project-affected people.
3.6.2.3 Operational Safeguards 3: Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services

The overarching objective of this safeguard is to conserve biological diversity and promote the sustainable
use of natural resources. It translates into OS requirements the Bank’s commitments in its policy on
integrated water resources management and the UN Convention on Biological Diversity. The specific
objectives of this OS 3 are:
• To preserve biological diversity by avoiding, or if not possible, reducing and minimizing impacts
on biodiversity;
• In cases where some impacts are unavoidable, to endeavor to reinstate or restore biodiversity
including, where required, the implementation of biodiversity offsets to achieve “not a net loss but
net gain” of biodiversity;
• To protect natural, modified, and critical habitats; and
• To sustain the availability and productivity of priority ecosystem services to maintain benefits to
the affected communities and to sustain project performance.
The safeguard reflects the importance of biodiversity on the African continent and the value of key
ecosystems to the population, emphasizing the need to “respect, conserve and maintain the knowledge,
innovations, and practices of indigenous and local communities to protect and encourage customary use of
biological resources, in accordance with traditional cultural practices that are compatible with conservation
or sustainable use requirements.
3.6.2.4 Operational Safeguards 4-Pollution Prevention and Control, Greenhouse Gases, Hazardous
Materials, and Resource efficiency
This operational safeguard outlines the main pollution prevention and control requirements for borrowers
or clients to achieve high-quality environmental performance and efficient and sustainable use of natural
resources, over the life of a project (specifically to manage and reduce pollutants). It also covers range of
impacts of pollution, waste, and hazardous materials for which there are agreed-on international

conventions and comprehensive industry-specific standards that other multilateral development banks
follow. In addition, it introduces vulnerability analysis and monitoring of greenhouse gas emissions levels
and provides a detailed analysis of the possible reduction or compensatory measures framework. The
objectives of this OS are to:
• Manage and reduce pollutants likely to be caused by a project so that they shall not pose harmful
risks to human health and the environment, including hazardous, nonhazardous waste and GHG
emissions, and
• Set a framework for efficiently utilizing all a project’s raw materials and natural resources
especially focusing on energy and water.
3.6.2.5 Operational Safeguards 5: Labor Conditions, Health and Safety

Labor is one of a country’s most important assets in the pursuit of poverty reduction and economic growth.
The respect of workers’ rights is one of the keystones for developing a strong and productive workforce.
This OS outlines the main requirements for borrowers or clients to protect the rights of workers and provide
for their basic needs.
The objectives of this OS are to:

• Protect the workers’ rights and establish, maintain, and improve the employee
• Employer relationship;
• Promote compliance with national legal requirements and provide due diligence in case national
laws are silent or inconsistent with the OS;
• Provide broad consistency with the relevant International Labor Organization (ILO) Conventions,
ILO Core Labor Standards, and the UNICEF Convention on the Rights of the Child in cases where
national laws do not provide equivalent protection;
• Protect the workforce from inequality, social exclusion, child labor, and forced labor; and
• Establish requirements to provide safe and healthy working conditions.
The OS 5 establishes the Bank’s requirements for its borrowers or clients concerning workers’ conditions,
rights, and protection from abuse or exploitation. It covers working conditions, workers’ organizations,
occupational health and safety, and avoidance of child or forced labor. It also ensures greater harmonization
with most other multilateral development banks.
3.6.3 Environmental and Social Assessment Procedures of AfDB on Public Sector Operations
The AfDB Environmental and Social Assessment Procedures (ESAP) on Public Sector Operations of June
2001 main purpose Procedures is to improve decision-making and project results in order to ensure that
Bank-financed projects, plans, and programs are environmentally and socially sustainable as well as in line
with the Bank’s policies and guidelines. The ESAP intends to replace the actual procedures and integrate
all crosscutting considerations into the new assessment process. The ESAP describes the various steps that
shall be followed to mainstream cross-cutting issues along the project cycle, from country programming to
post-evaluation. The first step consists in developing and updating baseline data on Regional Member
Country’s environmental and social components, policies, programs, and capacities to better integrate
environmental and social dimensions into lending priorities during country programming. During the

project identification phase, the screening exercise focuses on the environmental and social dimensions of
a project to categorize it in one out of the four following categories.
Category 1: Projects likely to cause significant environmental and social impacts: Category 1 projects are
likely to induce significant and/or irreversible adverse environmental and/or social impacts or to
significantly affect environmental or social components that the Bank or the borrowing country considers
sensitive. Some program-based operations or other regional and sector program loans have significant
adverse environmental or social risks and are deemed to be Category 1. In some cases, projects are included
in Category 1 because of their potential cumulative impacts or the potential impacts of associated facilities.
Any project requiring a Full Resettlement Action Plan (FRAP) under the provisions of the Bank’s policy
on involuntary Resettlement is also deemed to be a Category 1.
Category 1 program-based operations or regional and sector loans require a SESA, and Category 1
investment projects require an ESIA, both leading to the preparation of an ESMP. For a project requiring a
FRAP, the ESIA includes, and-if there are no other issues requiring assessment—may be limited to, the
social assessment needed to prepare the FRAP.
Category 2: Projects that likely cause less adverse environmental and social impacts than Category 1:
Category 2 projects are likely to have detrimental site-specific environmental and/or social impacts that are
less adverse than those of Category 1 projects. Likely impacts are few in number, site-specific, largely
reversible, and readily minimized by applying appropriate management and mitigation measures or
incorporating internationally recognized design criteria and standards.
An operation that involves resettlement activity for which Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) is required
under the ESAPs is classified as Category 2. Most programmed based operations and regional or sector
program loans designed to finance a set of subprojects approved and implemented by the borrower or client
are included in this category unless the nature, scale, or sensitivity of the intended pipeline of subprojects
involves either a high level of environmental and social risk or no such risk.
Category 2 projects require an appropriate level of environmental and social assessment (ESA) for program
operations, investment plans, and some corporate loans, or ESIA for investment projects tailored to the
expected environmental and social risk so that the borrower will prepare and implement an adequate ESMP
(for an investment project) or ESMF (for a program operation), to manage the environmental and social
risks of subprojects in compliance with the Bank’s operational safeguards.
Category 3: Bank operations with negligible adverse environmental and social risks: Category-3 projects
do not directly or indirectly affect the environment adversely and are unlikely to induce adverse social
impacts. They do not require an environmental and social assessment. Beyond categorization, no action is
required. Nonetheless, to design a Category 3 project properly, it may be necessary to carry out gender
analyses, institutional analyses, or other studies on specific, critical social considerations to anticipate and
manage unintended impacts on the affected communities.
Category 4: Bank operations involving lending to financial intermediaries: Category 4 projects involve
Bank lending to financial intermediaries (FIs) that on-lend or invest in Subprojects that may produce
adverse environmental and social impacts. Financial intermediaries include banks, insurance, reinsurance,
and leasing companies, microfinance providers, private equity funds, and investment funds that use the
Bank’s funds to lend or provide equity finance to their clients.

Financial intermediaries also include private or public sector companies that receive corporate loans or
loans for investment plans from the Bank that are used to finance a set of subprojects. Financial intermediary
subprojects equivalent to Category 1 and Category 2 are subject to the relevant OS requirements as if they
were directly financed Category 1 or Category 2 projects. However, if a client will use a Bank corporate
loan to finance high-risk investment projects known at the time of loan approval, the loan can be considered
Category 1 or 4(1) requiring an ESMS as well as detailed ESA studies. In cases where a Bank corporate
loan will be used by the client to finance low-risk investment projects known at the time of loan approval,
the loan can be deemed to be Category 2 or 4(2) requiring an ESMS as well as a detail abbreviated ESA
studies. In cases where a Bank corporate loan will be used by the client to finance no-risk investment
projects known at the time of loan approval, the loan can be deemed to be Category 3 or 4(3) for which no
ESA studies are required.
FIs are required to apply the Bank’s OSs and equivalent procedures to their subprojects and to comply with
local environmental and social requirements. The FI must demonstrate to the Bank that it has developed
and will maintain an Environmental and
Social Management System (ESMS) is in line with the Bank’s OSs and appropriate for the scale and nature
of its operations – recognizing that FIs’ operations vary considerably and, in some cases, may pose a
minimal environmental and social risk. The FI must also demonstrate that it has the management
commitment, organizational capacity, resources, and expertise to implement its ESMS for its subprojects.
The Bank shall carry out due diligence of the ESMS and the FI’s organizational capacity before approving
the loan. The FI shall make a summary of the ESMS available to the public locally, e.g., on its website,
before the loan can be approved. In addition, for a category 1 project, if an OS is triggered, the requirements
of this specific OS should be met by the project.
In view of the above categorization, a large water supply and sanitation project will possibly fall under
Category I or II depending on the anticipated severity of impacts. Those projects assigned under category
1 usually require a full ESIA study. But those in category II pose medium impacts and require moderate
environmental analysis. However, if a category II project is located in or close to environmentally sensitive
areas it should be treated as equivalent to a Category I project.

The safeguard policies triggered by the Program are highlighted and described.
Safeguard Policies Triggered Yes No TBD
Environmental and Social Assessment (OS 1) X
OS 1 is triggered because of the Program’s planned construction activities which are likely to pose
environmental and social risks associated with the physical, biological, socio-economic and health and
safety profile of the sub-project areas.
These risks will be managed through the implementation of mitigation measures resulting from site
specific Environmental and Social Impacts Assessments (ESIAs) and/or Environmental and Social
Management Plans (ESMPs).
Involuntary Resettlement: Land Acquisition, Population X
Displacement and Compensation (OS2)
The Program is expected to entail limited land acquisition and possible resettlement. Majority of the
land in the affected project area are agricultural lands owned and managed by communities in the rural
kebeles/Districts. The details of the land to be acquired and number of people to be compensated will
be addressed in the site specific ESIAs, ESMPs and RAPs.
Biodiversity and Ecosystems Services (OS 3) X
The planned construction activities may impact the ecosystem service on which the local population
depends in terms of sustenance, livelihood and/or primary income. The associated risks will be avoided
or mitigated in accordance to the measures elaborated in the site-specific ESMPs.
Pollution Prevention and Control Hazardous Materials and Resources X

Efficiency (OS 4)
Potential environment and social impact due to emissions of pollutants and waste is anticipated during
the construction phase of the Program. These will be managed as per measures recommended in the
site-specific ESMPs.
Labour Conditions, Health and Safety (OS 5) X

The Program’s construction works will require the establishment of workforce. The Contractor shall
comply with the Labour laws and Best Practice Occupational Health and Safety requirements.
Occupational safety risks will be mitigated through the selection and effective use of mechanical and
protective equipment
The Borana Resilient Water Development for Improved Livelihoods Program was assessed as category I
according to the Climate Safeguard Screening tool because of the Program’s vulnerability to climate risk.
Following field assessment of climate risks and possible adaptation measures for each sub-project was
undertaken using the Bank’s Adaptation Review and Evaluation Procedures (AREP) under the Bank’s
Climate Safeguards System (CSS).

3.7 Regional and International Multilateral Agreement

In addition to national environmental legislations, Ethiopia is also a party to a number of regional and
international conventions and protocols pertaining to the environment and which are of relevance to the
project. The international agreement to which Ethiopia is a signatory includes the following.
• Convention on Biological Diversity, 1992: The three goals of this convention are the conservation of
biodiversity; the sustainable use of the components of biodiversity; and the fair and equitable sharing
of the benefits arising from the use of genetic resources. The Convention was ratified by Ethiopia by
Proclamation No. 98/94, on May 31, 1994. By Proclamation No. 362/2003; Ethiopia has ratified the
Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the Convention on Biological Diversity.
• United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (FCCC), 1992: Ethiopia Ratified this
convention through Proclamation No. 97/1994 on May 2/1994. This convention takes into account the
fact that climate change has transboundary impacts. The basic objective of this convention is to provide
for agreed limits on the release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere so as to prevent the occurrence
of climate change. It also aims to prepare countries to minimize the impact of climate change should it
occur.
• The Basel Convention, 1989: The objective of the Basel Convention is to control and regulate the
trans-boundary movement of hazardous wastes and their disposal adopted on 22 March 1989. The
Bamako Convention of 1991 plays a similar role at the level of the African continent. Ethiopia ratified
the Basel Convention through its Proclamation No. 357/2002. Its amendment was ratified through
Proclamation No. 356/2002. The country has also ratified the Bamako Convention through
Proclamation No. 355/2002.
• The Stockholm Convention: In the year 2002, Ethiopia fully accepted and ratified the Stockholm
Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants by proclamation No. 279/2002 was designed to ban the
use of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs). The EPA has the full mandate to implement the
Convention at the national level.
• The Rotterdam Convention: The Rotterdam Convention on Prior Informed Consent (PIC) relates to
prior informed consent in the context of international trade in specific hazardous chemicals and
pesticides. The federal EPA is the organ responsible for the domestic implementation of this
convention, which has been ratified by Ethiopia Proclamation No. 278/2002.
• Convention on the protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage: Each state party to this
Convention recognizes the duty of ensuring the identification, protection, conservation, preservation,
and transmission to the future generation of the culture and natural heritage situated on its territory,
belongs primarily to the state. Ethiopia has ratified this convention in 1997.
• Convention on the means of prohibiting and preventing the Elicit, Import, Export, and Transfer of
ownership of cultural property: The states parties undertake to oppose such practices with the means at
their disposal, particularly by removing their causes, putting a stop to current practices, and by helping
to make the necessary preparations. Ethiopia ratified this convention in 2003.
• UNESCO’s Conventions and Recommendations: Standards for the protection and management of
cultural heritage, in general, have been issued by a variety of institutions; foremost among these are the

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); the International
Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS); the Council of Europe (COE); and national governments.
Most of these standards pertain to material culture, often termed ‘tangible’ cultural heritage; however,
there is increasing attention also to ‘intangible’ heritage, including the products and processes of artistic
and creative expression.
Of the above, the UNESCO standard-setting documents consist mainly of conventions and
recommendations. The five UNESCO conventions regarding cultural heritage include armed conflict
(1954); illicit trade (1970); world heritage (1972); underwater cultural heritage (2001); and intangible
cultural heritage (2003). Of the five, the 1972 ‘World Heritage Convention,’ which provides for the
designation of World Heritage Sites, is by far the most popular and widely known. Ethiopia has been a
member of UNESCO since 1976.
In addition to the conventions, from 1956 to 1980, UNESCO issued recommendations in order to encourage
international and regional cooperation, and especially, improvement in the management of cultural heritage
at the national level. Recommendations were issued on numerous subjects, including international
competitions in architecture and town planning (1956); safeguarding the beauty and character of landscapes
and sites (1962); prohibiting and preventing the illicit export, import, and transfer of cultural property
(1964); preservation of cultural property endangered by public or private works (1968); protection, at the
national level, of the cultural and natural heritage (1968); safeguarding and contemporary role of historic
areas (1976) and protection of movable cultural property (1978).
3.8 Oromia Environmental Protection Authority Recent Regulations

Oromia Environmental Protection Authority has declared in 2021 that new projects shall pass through
screening and scoping stages in that screening report shall be prepared and submitted to Oromia EPA,
reviewed and approved. A screening report presents objective, major activities, characteristics and issues
to be addressed so as to create a road map for determining the environmental and social decisions with
regard to the project activities. It is to ensure social acceptability, economical feasibilities and
environmental harmony during the project future development phases.
After approval of the screening report, scoping report shall be prepared and submitted and approved by the
authority. After approval of the scoping report, feasibility stage ESIA study shall be conducted. Outlines of
both screening and scoping reports are annexed in this updated ESMF Report.

4. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL BASELINE

4.1 Physical Environmental profile of the project area
4.1.1 Topography
The topography of the Part-2 Project area is characterized by flat lowlands in Dubuluk district with hill
chain crossing the district from north-south, mountain ridges and spotted low lands from Sarite and Adde
Gelchet kebeles of Elweya district to the Semu Hill Top of Yabello District. The mountain ridges cross
between the wellfield areas west to east and turn south starting nearer of southern of Yabello Town south
wards in Dubuluk district. The ground elevation ranges from 1,100 to 2,495 meters above sea level based
on information obtained during the field observations similar to that described in main document for the
wider program.
4.1.2 Geology
The geology of the Part-2 Project areas of the three districts (Dubuluk, Elweya and Yabello) comprise of
Precambrian basement complex, quaternary deposit and tertiary and quaternary volcanic which are
dominantly found followed one another in the flat plains and the hill chains of the project areas.
4.1.3 Soils
As to the major soils of the project areas, eight major soils types are found in the project area; namely
Cambisols, Vertisols, Luvisols, Fluvisols, Leptosols, Calcisols, Andosols, and Nitisols. Camisols, Luvisols,
Vertisols, and Nitosols are the dominant soil classes found in the project area.
4.1.4 Climate
The climate of the Part-2 project area is same as characterized in the main program document that comprises
semi-arid especially to Dubuluk district areas to sub moist lowlands (hot to warm thermal zone) of Yabello
and Weib System areas of Elweya district due to difference in altitude caused by the hill chains. The rainfall
pattern of the area is Bimodal Type II with two growing periods. There are four seasons observed in the
area; long rainy season (March-May), cool dry season (June to August), short rainy season (September to
November) and the dry season (December to February). The mean annual rainfall ranges from 450-650 mm.
The rainfall is not only in intensity and duration but also its distribution is uneven and varies in area
coverage. The mean annual temperature of the area ranges from 17.5-27.50C and this temperature are within
the ranges of physiological requirement for most agricultural production.
4.1.5 Water resources
There is no permanent river available other than intermittent flashes in the Part-2 project area. Hence,
adaptation to climate change resilient water supply system is not only the matter of maintaining
community, human and livestock, but also to reduce vulnerability of generations and ensuring
sustainability. It is why the Gelchet-Sarite Water Supply Project is planned to use groundwater source as
it is relatively climate resilient compared to surface water sources although there are no potential surface
water sources other than intermittent flash like the one shown in Figure4.1 below in Elweya district.

Figure4.1: Typical flash flooding in Elweya district
With regard to groundwater, as boreholes that draw water from large, permeable aquifers are the most
resilient to all expected climate change impacts, the project is planned on groundwater source. Based on
hydrogeological investigations of the project areas, ample groundwater potential exists within alluvial
deposits; weathered and fractured volcanic rocks weathered and/or fracture basement rocks of the area.
Piping and transmitting to booster reservoirs and the main reservoir networks may be vulnerable to
contamination and will be at increased risk where more frequent flooding occurs. But, based on previous
studies, the ground water source of Part-2 Water Source areas, the wellfields, is potentially resilient to wide
range of climate change impacts. In general, in order to manage impacts of climate related extreme weather
events, adaptation of livelihood systems is very decisive. As described in the main document, the adaptation
mechanisms can include protecting ecosystems, improving agricultural methods, managing water sources,
shifting settlements to relatively more safe areas, developing early warning systems, improving insurance
coverage, developing social safety nets and enhancing public awareness and education.
It is why the watershed management interventions of about 600 ha is planned in Yabello District in this
Part-2 of the wider program to start up the ecosystem protection to start up implementations of the climate
change resilient water. Resilience of water technology to climate change shall consider those shown in
Table4.1 below.
Table4.1: Resilience of the water technology to climate change

S. N Level of Resilience Technology
1. Category-1: Potentially resilient to all expected • Utility piped water supply
climate changes • Boreholes (tube Wells)
2. Category-2: Potentially resilient to most • Protected springs and
expected climate changes • Small piped systems
3. Category-3: Potentially resilient to only a • Dug wells
restricted number of climate changes • Water harvesting

S. N Level of Resilience Technology

4 Technologies categorized by JMP (Joint • Unprotected dug wells,
Monitoring Program on water supply and • Unprotected springs,
sanitation-WHO & UNICEF) as “not improved • Surface waters (Rivers, Dams, Lakes
drinking water sources” and Ponds), and
• Bottled water
.
4.1.6 Drought
Drought is one of the major hydro-meteorological hazards often occurs in this Part-2 Project areas. As
described in the wider program document, same views were obtained from the communities and sector
stakeholders during the fieldwork. Based on information obtained from community representatives and
sector stakeholders, drought occurrence frequency of the Borana Zone is increasing from time to time and
currently reached at the stage of threatening the livelihood of the community and resulted in migration of
people with their livestock because of increased pressure on water source and rangelands. The severity was
observed nationally in the last two years. As a result of mobility, lack of forage and water productivity and
livestock deaths were realized. Hence, interventions in water sector will have immense contribution towards
improving the livelihood of the local community.
4.2 Biological Environmental profile of the project area

4.2.1 Vegetation
The major and dominant plant type identified in the project area is acacia species that is widely found in
rangelands and almost everywhere in the project area. With acacia dominance, eight vegetation cover types
have been identified in the project area. Open Shrub lands, Grasslands, cultivated land, Built-up area,
Exposed surface, Forest land, Riverine Forest, and Wood lands. Shrub lands are the dominant land cover in
the project area.
Based on the information obtained from the three districts of the Part-2 Project areas natural resources
sections plantations like Dhaddacha, Allo, Burquqqee, Saphansa, Qaqalcha, Arooressee, Madheera,
Dheekkaa, Ammarreessa, Ejerssa, Hindeessa, Ammaressa, Biqaa and Ulaagaa were reported with fair to
good distribution excepted for Ejersa or “Tikur Enchet” in Amharic which is with poor distribution. The
plantains are mostly of acacia species.
4.2.2 Terrestrial Fauna
In the case of Terrestrial Fauna, the wild animals commonly observed in lowland areas of the country such
as Bush-pig, Warthog, Anubis baboons, fox, hyena and other small wild animals were reported in Part-2
project areas. Based on Adde Gelchet kebele community consultations there is Sarite park or wildlife
reserved area in Elweya district adjacent to the well field area outside of the raw water main transmission
line from the well field to the main reservoir at Semu Hill Top in Yabello district.
4.2.3 Birds
The project area hosts two endemic birds; the Ethiopian Bush Crew and White-Tailed Swallow. Various
bird species were also recorded and they are the most diverse fauna group in the Part-2 Project area adjacent
in the park. Similar to the birds in different environments, the birds of the project area have ecological and

economic importance. Based on the community responses during the consultative meetings tourists
sometimes visit the area to look for the birds found in the park. Apart from this, birds are also key component
of the ecosystem and also considered as environmental indicators.
4.3 Socio-economic profile of the project area

4.3.1 Administrative area
The administrative setting of the Part 2 Project of the wider Program area covers the well field kebeles of
Elweya district, the main transmission line to the main reservoir site at Semu Holl Top of Yabello district.
The other Part 2 Project area is Dubuluk district of the Borana Zone of Oromia National Regional State.
The Part-2 project areas of the program are; therefore, include Dubuluk, Elweya and Yabello districts and
the rural kebeles discussed in different section of this ESMF Report.
4.3.2 Human population

Based on Borena Zone administration Office data, the Zone has a total population of 1,1million, consisting
of 881,121(91%) people were residing in rural areas. As briefly described under the program beneficiaries’
section, the beneficiary human population of the Part 2 project areas indicates 308,576 peoples. Based on
collected data during the team fieldwork, the population data is shown in Table4.2 below for five project
kebeles.
Table4.2: Population of the Part 2 Project districts and target kebeles

Population Number of HHs Average
Kebeles name Male Female Total Male Female Total HH Size
Dubuluk district 30,176 26,763 56,939 5,491 3,958 9,449 6.0
1. Gobso kebele 1,976 2,221 4,197 432 163 595 7.1
2. Kersa Dami kebele 1,924 1,196 3,545 284 181 465 7.6
Elweya District 17,662 16,139 33,579
1. Adde Gelechet kebele 3,726 3,667 7,393 1,016 524 1540 4.8
2. Sarite kebele 3,945 3,288 7,233 850 260 1110 6.5
Yabello District 31,405 32,936 64,342
1. Harmayu 1,379 1,509 2,882 584 136 720 4.0
Source: Fieldwork data collection, June 2023.
4.3.3 Livestock population

The total estimated livestock population to be benefited by the Part-2 Project of the wider program is
estimated at 975,750. The total livestock of the project area districts was also identified during the fieldwork
as detailed in Table4.3 on next page.

Table4.3: Total livestock of the three Part-2 Project districts

Number of livestock by Part-2 Project area districts
Ser.
Livestock Type Dubuluk Elweya Yabello Total TLU Total (TLU)
No.
(Factor)
1 Cattle Cattle 180,201 129,555 192,746 502,502 1.0 502,502.0
2. Equines Horses 100 105 61 266 1.10 292.6
Mule 55 396 36 487 1.10 535.7
Donkey 4,581 8,480 7,955 21,016 0.70 14,711.2
Camel 18,103 21,354 20,042 59,499 1.25 74,373.8
3. Small Sheep 134,244 104,281 125,180 363,705 0.13 47,281.7
Ruminants Goats 187,459 136,539 198,935 522,933 0.13 67,981.3
4. Poultry Poultry 90,853 29,099 35,880 155,832 0.013 2,025.8
5. Beehives Modern 78 110 220 408 0.0 0.0
Transitional 73 265 200 538 0.0 0.0
Traditional 42 20,145 2,654 22,841 0.0 0.0
Total in TLU 709,704.0
Source: Fieldwork data, June 2023.
4.3.4 Land tenure

Being pastoral area, the land tenure system of the project areas belongs to clans. Every member of the
pastoral community has the right to use the land collectively by clan under customary law. Villagers have
rights to the land that their residents have traditionally used including grazing land, fallow land and free
lands. They have a customary right to own the village land that they hold under customary law or have
received as an allocation from the village council. Cultivation of cropland is a means used to put land under
private holding as far as the individual tiller belongs to the same community. When he leaves the
community, it becomes communal property. Same issue was raised by representatives of each consulted
five rural kebeles of the Part 2 project areas.
4.3.5 Land Use Land Cover
The major Land Use Land Cover (LULC) identified for the Program project areas are described in the table
below. The land use for each project of the Program shall be detailed in line with implementations of each
project of the Program. Of the general Program areas, the dense shrub land, dense bush shrub land and open
shrub land account for about 75% of the total 3,150,427 ha areas followed by grasslands which is estimated
at about 228,623 hectares of land. The total estimated land use land cover of the Part2-Project districts is
shown in Table4.4 below.
Table4.4: Land use and land cover distribution of Part 2 project districts
Ser. Land use / land Part-2 Project districts land use in ha.
No. cover type Dubuluk Elweya Yabello Total area Percent Share (%)
1. Forestland 50,000 2223 41,000 93,223 9.42
2. Arable land 13,000 882 24,320 38,202 3.86
3. Shrubs and fallow 10 20,547 32,153 55,710 5.33

Ser. Land use / land Part-2 Project districts land use in ha.
No. cover type Dubuluk Elweya Yabello Total area Percent Share (%)
4. Grazing / 230,952 94510 169,657 495,119 50.03
rangeland
5. Others 175,999 -- 47,050 223,049 22.54
Total 205,473.5 314,180 989,615 100.0
Source: Project districts data, June 2023.
4.3.6 Settlement pattern

The settlement pattern in the project areas is generally scattered villages, “Ollaa”, which are sparsely setup
or a mix of mobile and small sedentary clusters at some intervals. The majority of the settlements are found
along roads.
4.3.7 Livelihood bases
The livelihood base of the Part 2 Project area communities is entirely dependent on livestock husbandry as
major livelihood base and crop farming such as Maize, Teff and Haricot Bean as major crops and Barely as
a minor crop grown in some pocket areas of the zone. The main sources of income of the community,
therefore, are livestock, livestock products and crop production. There are also significant numbers of the
community engaged in pure pastoral way of life.
4.3.8 Community wealth status
Community wealth status depends on livestock production. It is the most important source of income and
hence number of cattle, camels, goats or sheep is a good indicator of the wealth status in the project area
community. The wealth status is also determined by sources of income and major occupations, which
determine the livelihood of a household. Moreover, there are also people engaged in off farm activities such
as petty traders, daily laborer, sales of Gum & incense, charcoal, fire woods and Sales of livestock products
such as milk. The nature of occupation such as trading and the income generated through such an
employment is also an indicator of wealth group.
4.3.9 Public Health
Although it is not satisfactory, there are heath institutions and professionals to provide basic health services
in the project area. Based on data obtained from Borana Zone Health Office, there are 5 hospitals, 45 health
centers, 175 health posts, 11 pharmacies and 63 private clinics in the zone. But the service delivery is very
poor because of various factors. The most common diseases of the project area are Pneumonia, malaria,
diarrhea, internal parasite and common cold. Internal parasite and diarrhea are the most prevalent disease
as the local people use raw water from unprotected sources. In most cases they use same source with the
livestock.
Although it is not satisfactory, there are heath institutions and professionals to provide basic health services
in the project area. Based on data obtained from the three project districts of the Part 2 Project of the wider
Program, there is a hospital, 14 health centers, 31 health posts, 15 pharmacies and 14 private clinics in the
three project districts. But the service delivery is very low because of various factors.

The most common diseases of the project area are upper respiratory tract infection, pneumonia, urinary tract
infections, typhoid fever, malaria, diarrhea, internal parasites and common cold. Internal parasite and
diarrhea are the most prevalent disease as the local people use raw water from unprotected sources.
4.3.10 Livestock Health
Livestock healthcare service is of a major economic importance to the community of the Program areas.
One of such services is veterinary service, which is carried out in the form of vaccination (pre-and-post
rains seasons) and various treatments.
4.3.11 Water Supply Situations
The water supply situation of the project area is very poor and almost none. The community depends on
unprotected water sources such as ponds (Haro), traditional wells (Eela), water harvested from roof and
underground cistron. Community members walk about 15 kilometers to get potable water per day if at all
potable water source exists in very limited areas. Water collection is a major work burden on women and
children as they spend several hours per day on fetching water from distances. The water sources of the
project areas are Ela or springs, motorized pump, hand pumps and ponds with overall coverage of 31.79%
for the three districts of which 41.92% coverage for urban and 26.28% for rural as shown in Table4.5 below.
Table4.5: Potable water supply coverage of the project districts.
Ser. Potable water Part-2 Project districts water supply coverage.
No. supply coverage Dubuluk district Elweya district Yabello district Average (%)
1. District total 48% 34.5% 41.5% 31.79%
2. Urban coverage 52% 75% 36.5% 41.92%
3. Rural Coverage 36% 25% 41.5% 26.28%
Source: Collected data of the three project districts, June 2023.
4.3.12 Hygiene and Sanitation

Except Yabello town, the rest two district towns do not have any sewerage system. Majority of the
households in villages or settlement areas have pit latrines although there are significant numbers of
households that use open defecation. As most of the water sources are unprotected ponds, flush flood can
easily wash all the wastes and pollute the water sources which eventually increase exposure to diarrhea and
other waterborne diseases. Provision of safe drinking water for better personal hygiene and sanitation is one
of the prerequisites for addressing the diseases that appear to be common in the project area.
4.3.13 Road Networks

The Program area has different types of roads; all weather and dry weather roads. The all-weather roads
include Asphalt Road from Yabello to Dubuluk center via Moyale and the road from Yabello to Konso
through Elweya. The other road types are gravel road and dry weather roads.

5. PROJECT APPRAISAL, APPROVAL AND IMPLEMENTATION
5.1 Part 2 Project Activities

The main Part 2 Project activities are described in the project description section of this ESMF. The overall
environmental and social risks rating will be assigned as “substantial” based on the subprojects nature and
types. Potential adverse impacts of the sub projects implementations are expected to be site-specific,
temporary, reversible and manageable by applying appropriate environmental and social risk management
(ESRM) tools and best practices. Based on scales of subproject activities, the risk category will remain
Category 2 and will likely require also the project to prepare ESIA, at the time when the location and scale
of the Part 2 project activities identified. Therefore, Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) is
necessary to identify and develop appropriate measures aimed at avoiding, minimizing, compensating
and/or offsetting of anticipated environmental and social impacts implementation and operation of the
subprojects based on guiding principles. The sub projects are described under section 5.3 and section 2.3 of
this ESMF.
5.2 Project Planning Guiding Principles

The overall guiding principles of the BRWDLP operations and implementations are the following, but not
limited to: -
• Planning processes shall consider complete understanding and prioritizing of potential
subproject sites.
• Detail feasibility study of each subproject based on potential survey.
• Proper stakeholders’ engagement process and implementation of environmental and social
assessment studies for each respective subproject before commencement of civil works.
• Conforming to specific national and AfDB relevant policy and standards requirements.
• Undertaking environmental and social screening for the sub projects.
• Ensuring no harm or minimal impact to nearby biophysical and social environment that can be
mitigated easily by employing best practices.
• Ensuring sound implementation of the recommended mitigation measures.
• Integrating ESIA and/or ESMP or other relevant environmental and social safeguards instruments
during planning and implementation process of the subprojects.
• Promoting adequate and timely technical support to OWEB and other relevant, regional, zonal,
and district offices, including environment offices which in turn will do the same to the other
implementing partner.
• Promoting supervision and monitoring of the implementation of subprojects by all relevant
parties including MoWE, OWEB, etc. with the support from the respective environmental offices
at the national, regional, and local levels.
• Throughout the process, provide close attention to gender issues during the consultation, data
collection, and design of opportunities and mitigation measures e.g., GBV plan.
When planning a subproject, among others the following list of issues must be considered. If these issues
are considered early in the subproject cycle, it helps for sustainable implementation of the subproject and

to be accepted by the local community and other beneficiaries. Some of the issues that might be considered
include, but not limited to, the following.
• Natural hazards,
• Preservation of cultural property, biodiversity and habitats,
• Preservation of land use/impact of adjoining uses,
• Preservation of species and natural spaces,
• Community and gender equality issues,
• Building and Construction issues,
• Waste management issues – solid, hazardous, and sewage,
• Location considerations, and
• Public and occupational health and safety, etc.
The implementation of the subproject environmental and social screening and management process will
be attained through the procedures and steps described below along with the project implementation cycle.
The steps of the environmental and social screening process will lead towards the review and
environmental approval by offices and bureaus in charge of environmental protection and management at
various levels, which every potential subproject under each component of BRWDLP to be implemented
by the main project implementing parties (OWEB).
5.3 Procedures and Steps

This subsection describes the steps and procedures to ensure implementation of environmental and social
risks and impacts are adequate and well addressed. For the effectiveness of the This updated ESMF for the
Part-2 projects of the program highlights subprojects mainly under components 1, 2 and 3 planning that
focuses on ensuring implementation of each subproject’s activities are environmentally friendly and
socially acceptable with no harm principle by applying best practices and sound mitigation measures, as it
will be stipulated in the respective safeguards’ instruments.
Step one: Subproject identification

Subproject are identified from set of activities derived from the BRWDLP, Part-2 Projects described under
components 1, 2 and 3 (section 2.3) activities that include:
• Transmission network of 60km,
• Distribution network of about 253 km,
• Construction of Public Fountain (Six Faucets) 200 in number,
• 130 Double Cattle Troughs at different sites of the Part 2 project areas,
• Construction of ten Standard 1000 m3 Reinforced Concrete Reservoirs with chlorination plants,
• Construction of VIP Latrines,
• Construction of two BPSs, Buildings and Miscellaneous Civil Works,
• Watershed management Interventions of about 600 ha,
• Aquifer management systems, and
• Institutional measures in which capacity strengthening and Tariff Systems updating

Step two: Project preparation and application

During planning and preparation of all projects under the BRWDLP, the main implementing party (OWEB)
is required to identify and confirm the environmental and social impacts of the subprojects that would be
mitigated and minimized through implementation of mitigation measures and relevant best-practices. This
approach will govern this Part-2 project of the program. Anticipated impacts and respective mitigation
measures under environmental and social impact and mitigation measures described in section 7 of this
updated ESMF will be used by OWEB to contemplate potential environmental and social impacts emanated
due to implementations of each subproject, mainly under components 1 and 2 of the BRWDLP, Part-2
projects of the program.
Given the number of subprojects under BRWDLP, all interventions stated above are likely to undergo E
and S screening and assessment of environmental and social impacts. Considering the scale and nature of
these subprojects, impacts significance level for identified environmental and social impacts and as per
screening process results, if the implementing part of the respective subprojects is required to carry out an
environmental and social assessment and develop applicable safeguards instruments, no subprojects will be
approved and commenced, unless required safeguards instruments are prepared, approved and disclosed.
After the preliminary project identification and/or site assessment study, for subproject which will be
acquiring land, OWEB is responsible to secure land for their respective subprojects from the regional
government to allow subsequent technical and preliminary environmental and social examinations to be
carried out and report to be prepared, accordingly.
Step three: Desk appraisal

Prior to field visit to subproject sites, desk appraisal of proposed subproject activities shall be carried in
order to confirm that all proposed subproject relevant documents contain required information pertinent to
identification of environmental and social safeguards issues. Depending on the sub-project types under each
component, desk appraisal will be conducted by OWEB to ensure that all relevant environmental and social
issues are properly identified. In addition, subsequent to the desk appraisal, initial screening of the proposed
project activities will be carried out in field, using the Environmental and Social Screening Form (Annex-
2), by the OWEB with zonal and local offices supports in charge environmental protection and management.
Step four: Environmental and Social Screening

All subprojects to be funded under the BRWDLP will be subjected to environmental and social screening
process. Based on the screening process result, an environmental assessment (EA) will be conducted based
on Ethiopian Environmental legislation, AfDB OSs and the Oromia Environmental Protection Authority
Guideline in order to ensure that anticipated adverse impacts and risks are efficiently managed and all
applicable international best practices are applied.
The screening process will be used to determine appropriate environmental and social management
measures, depending on the nature, scope and significance of the expected environmental and social risks
and impacts associated with each subproject activity. The screening will be done using Environmental and
Social Screening Form (ESSF) annexed in this ESMF (Annex-2). The screening form is designed to
provide necessary information to the assessors and stakeholders to determine whether or not activities of
a sub-project would likely result in significant environmental or social risks and impacts during

implementation. The Environmental and Social Screening Form (Annex-2) will be completed by trained
and qualified frontline safeguards staff of the OWEB with environmental offices support at regional and
local levels, as required. The screening form, when correctly completed, will facilitate:
i. Identification of potential environmental and social impacts and their significances.
ii. Assignment of appropriate environmental risk and impacts.
iii. Determining appropriate environmental and social enhancement and mitigation measures, and
iv. Need to conduct an assessment and prepare specific Environmental and Social (E&S) safeguards
instruments which may include, but not limited to, an ESIA, ESMPs, etc.
The screening checklist (Annex-2) guides the impact assessment in identifying key environmental and
social issues and impacts associated with projects prior to the final subproject design. The Environmental
and social screening asks key questions on matters that are of fundamental importance to the subproject
and provides responses in the form of “Yes”, “No”, “Unknown” or “NA” (Not Applicable).
When planning a subproject under the BRWDLP, Part-2 projects, then issues that must be considered to
guide the environmental and social assessment (ESA) in identifying key environmental and social risks
and impacts that may be associated with the subprojects under respective components prior to subproject
design (Annex-2), as any identified adverse impacts of the subproject to the nearby environment or to the
community may be minimized through changes to subproject design or with considerations of mitigation
measures to lessen negative effects.
Screening is key environmental and social management process aiming at determining appropriate studies
and follow-up that might be required for sub-project activities. The screening aims at categorizing the sub-
projects into one of the environmental and social risk categories consistent with the National EIA Guidelines
and the AfDB OSs. The screening will be carried out on specific subproject activities once they have been
identified during annual planning phase of the BRWDLP, Part-2 projects of the program. The screening
will be carried out by using the Environmental and Social Screening Form (Annex-2), as stated above.
In order to fulfill requirements of AfDB ISS and ESAP as well as the national EIA guidelines, the
environmental and social screening will follow both the national and AfDB OSs requirements. As per the
AfDB Oss, screening of subprojects will be conducted to categorize respective screened subprojects into
one of the E&S categories “Category 1, Category 2, Category 3”. Completion of the screening form will
facilitate subproject assignment of environmental risk rating category, identification of potential
environmental and social impacts, determination of impact significance, recommendation of appropriate
environmental mitigation measures and decide needs for any further environmental assessment work, as
required.
The screening report to be produced expected to describe (i) The proposed subproject and its potential
impacts, (ii) Characteristics of the location (sensitivity of the area), (iii) Size (small, medium and large scale)
of the subproject, (iv) Degree of public interest, (v) Main environmental impacts and mitigation
considerations and (vi) Categorization of the subproject (Category 1, Category 2, Category 3, category 4
or schedule I, II or III).
Given scale of a subproject, some of the subproject activities particularly those under component 3, the
environmental and social screening results may categorize the subproject as “Category 3, which is supposed

to have Low Risk or schedule III” which implies such subproject activities will have limited or no
environmental and social impacts. Therefore, apart from screening, the subproject may not require further
environmental and social assessment and preparation of safeguards instruments. This is further
demonstrated by respective completed subproject screening form that has only “No” entries, the proposed
activity will not require further environmental assessment work and the technical team of experts will
recommend approval of the subproject and implementation to proceed immediately.
Step Five: Submission of screening report to Regional Environmental Protection Authority

After a thorough screening of proposed subprojects, the completed screening report will be submitted first
to the PIU of OWEB for internal checking and approval. It will then OWEB will submit subproject
safeguards screening results report with recommendations to the Oromia Regional Environmental
Protection Authority (REPA) with an official application letter for review and approval (Note: for
Components 1, and 2 subproject E & S screening reports will be submitted to REPA as appropriate for
review and approval procedures.
Step Six: Review of screening report and appraisal by REPA

The REA at the regional level, (hereinafter “the approval entities”) will review the Screening Report
comprised of recommendations, potential indicative impacts, and the proposed mitigation measures, and
provide feedback on the specific screening activities and broader issues. Considering the output of the
screening process stipulated in the screening report, the reviewing process at this step will also consider the
preparation of safeguards instruments, such as ESIA/ESMP for each subproject, as applicable.
After review of the subproject screening reports, the reviewer may require a field appraisal mission to the
subproject implementation area to obtain additional or more detailed information, as necessitated.
Moreover, if the desk appraisal and screening undertakings indicated that the proposed subproject
encounters environmental and social concerns that are not adequately addressed in the current
documentation, or if the report meets certain criteria (see Table 5-1 below), the REPA at the regional level
will require a field appraisal before the subproject can be considered for further assessment. The filed
appraisal will be arranged with OWEB.
Table5.1: Criteria for Field Appraisal Requirement

* Criteria Field Appraisal
1. Land must be acquired for a Determines the number of affected/displaced people and level
project, an individual or and scope of impact, as per the criteria and procedures detailed
community's access to land or in the RF document Resettlement Action Plan/Abbreviated
available resources is restricted Resettlement Plan/ (RP) may then be required.
or lost, or an individual or
family is displaced
2. A project may affect a protected Determines if the project will adequately avoid adverse effects
area or a natural habitat on the protected area or natural habitat, as provided for in the
ESMF
3. A project may have an impact A field appraisal determines the scale and level of impact. The
on ecologically sensitive application may need to be revised to describe how the -project

* Criteria Field Appraisal

ecosystems (e.g., of impact on will avoid or minimize adverse impacts on ecologically sensitive
wetlands) areas. This may require a distinct Environmental and Social
Management Plan (ESMP) as outlined in this ESMF
4. A project may involve or result A field appraisal determines the scale and potential adverse
in: Diversion or use of surface effects and may include an ESMP as outlined in Chapter Six of
waters; Wells or water points. the ESMF
Note: * These criteria should be updated based on field experience of related subproject implementing
parties.
Depending on the field appraisal mission, the assessment of the subproject may be reconsidered by the need
for the development of safeguard instruments such as an ESIA/ESMP for the subproject. Oromia Water and
Energy Bureau (OWEB), as a direct implementer of subprojects under the BRWDLP, will be responsible
for the preparation of the required ESIA/ESMP as per the requirements of the national and AfDB OSs. For
moderate and low-risk subprojects, the ESIA/ESMP will be possibly prepared by a team of experts from
the OWEB, whereas for high and substantial risk subprojects, the ESIA/ESMP will be possibly prepared by
external independent environmental and social safeguards consultant/specialists recruited by the OWEB, as
deemed necessary. If a team of OWEB has limited capacity, they have to be given the necessary training on
ESIA/ESMP preparation and implementation guidelines, national policies and procedures, AfDB ISS,
ESAP, and OSs, etc. before conducting the environmental and social impact assessment study.
At a minimum, the ESIA/ESMP report should consist of i) description of the project activity (with location),
the environmental baseline, the impact identification, mitigating measures, and implementation and
monitoring of the mitigating measures, responsible entities, budget, etc. (Annex-6) for detail information
on the contents of the ESMP/ESIA report. The REPA at regional, Zonal, and District levels will also
supervise further the environmental and social safeguards instruments preparation and implementation work
by OWEB, which may be included in the preparation of subproject ESIA/ESMP, as the situation may
require. A copy of the ESIA/ESMP report will also be submitted to the AfDB for review, approval, and
clearance.
Step Seven: Review by the AfDB

The AfDB will review and provide comments and inputs to OWEB on the draft subproject safeguards
instruments (ESMP/ESIA, etc.).
Step Eight: Submission of final ESIA/ESMP to the REPA

Once all the requisite safeguards documentation has been compiled, and after incorporating the AfDB
comments and inputs, OWEB will make recommendations and submit the ESIA/ESMP to the REPA (the
approval entity) for final clearance and approval.
Step Nine: Approval of subprojects by the REPA at the regional level

As stated in step five, the completed screening form along with any additional planning reports will be
forwarded to the REPA. The first step in the approval process is to determine if all the relevant information
has been provided in the document and is adequate. The REPA will check the documents submitted by the

project proponent (OWEB) and/or screening team has thoroughly considered all environmental and social
issues with regards to the identification of potential adverse effects arising from the subproject
implementation as well as proportionate mitigating measures are adequately spell out to address adverse
impacts associated with the subprojects.
Subprojects under BRWDLP may not be eligible for implementation if they have a significant negative
impact on physical cultural resources, natural habitats, biodiversity, forests, and others. Lists of such
subprojects that may not be financed by the project are described in Annex-1 subproject exclusion list of
this ESMF. Although the proposed subproject has no activity, which affects cultural resources, in case of
any events of the potential chance find of physical cultural resources, the contract document for construction
or rehabilitation of infrastructure works is required to include reference to a chance find procedures (Annex-
7) to follow the procedures during the subproject implementation period.
The respective approval entity after reviewing the instruments (ESIA/ESMP) and will make the decision of
subproject approval in various terms, i.e., i) approval of subproject activity (with or without conditions
relating to implementation); ii) recommending to re-design the subproject (with required and/or
recommended amendments), or iii) rejecting the subproject activity (with comments as to what is required
to submit as an acceptable report). As part of the appraisal, the subproject's corresponding ESIA/ESMP has
to be made publicly available in the country (OWEB website) and at a place accessible to local people (e.g.,
at a local government office i.e., District council, and relevant institutions) at the REPA, OWEB, MoWE
website, etc.), and made available in a form, manner, and language they can understand and at the AfDB
external website for public review.
Steps Ten: Submission of approval decision report to OWEB by REPA

ESIA/ESMP review of REPA should be done in the given period (shortest possible time) to avoid delays
in subproject implementation. The result of the review and final approval will be submitted to OWEB as
soon as completed3. The Review report to be submitted to OWEB should include but not be limited to.
• The decision on each project activity whether an ESMP/ESIA is required or not;
• If an ESMP is required, the recommended scope of the ESMP that clearly indicates the aspects to
be seriously addressed, the skills required, and the duration of the ESMP;
• If an ESMP is not required, include guidance on special needs such as technical guidelines on any
of the project activities; and
• Approval without conditions for those subprojects with no potential adverse impacts.
Step Eleven: Documentation and Projects Effectiveness

OWEB, after receiving the decision report from the REPA, will compile the documentation comprised of
the decisions on environmental and social safeguards screening report for further processing of subproject
effectiveness and implementation. Once the documentation is finalized, OWEB will communicate with the
Contractor to notify the effectiveness of the project implementation with all requirements during project
implementations.
3 (Note: The final documents will be disclosed at the OWEB website and AfDB external website as appropriate.
The local level disclosure of the final ESIA/ESMP will be carried out using appropriate language and culturally
sensitive manner.).

Steps Twelve: Implementation

When approval has been given to the ESIA/ESMP, implementation of mitigation measures and systemic
follow-up are needed for the sub-project. OWEB will inform the respective contractor to start the
construction activities and implementation of the project, as per the proposal and decisions and requirements
provided by approval entities. At the time of implementation of the proposed subprojects, the potential
environmental and social impacts are clearly identified. A management plan will be formulated and
implemented. In order to enforce the implementation of recommended mitigation measures, there is a need
to include an environmental clause in the contract agreements to be signed with the construction contractors.
The environmental clause (Annex-3) should demand the construction contractor to implement and monitor
all proposed mitigation measures in the ESMP that are applicable during the construction phase and beyond.
Implementation of environmental and social mitigation measures will be done concurrently with the other
project activities and in line with sector guidelines and checklists that will be provided. In each subproject
area, the PIU of OWEB will also be required to enforce the implementation of proposed mitigation measures
as stated in the ESMP by all contractors as well as other relevant institutions and stakeholders, as their
contribution to environmental and social mitigation measures upfront is required. As much as possible local
communities will also participate fully in project implementation.
Steps Thirteen: Supervision and Monitoring

Internal monitoring to ensure the compliance of BRWDLP of Component 1, 2 and 3 subproject
implementation activities against the mitigation measures set out in its ESMP, will be carried out by the
environmental and social safeguards specialists of the PIU of OWEB who are responsible for environmental
and social management as well as the supervisory engineer at the construction site. The relevant OWEB
PIU environment and social risk management staff in collaboration with the design and supervision
consultant will have the primary responsibility for carrying out this monitoring by regularly visiting the
subprojects, and pursuing the corrective measures, as required. Periodic reports of internal monitoring
should be prepared monthly and quarterly by the environment and social risk management staff of OWEB
PMU and then submitted to OWEB respectively as part of the regular BRWDLP M&E process for
Components 1, 2 and 3, accordingly.
The implementation of the recommended mitigating measures will also be monitored by the approval entity
(REPA), as applicable. The OWEB PMU will have to collaborate in the planning for external compliance
monitoring and inspections that will be conducted by the relevant REA. The planning for external
compliance monitoring/inspection could be initiated by the REPA itself or if this is not feasible, the PIU of
OWEB in line with the M&E system will initiate the collaboration for external monitoring with the approval
entity (REPA).
Step Fourteen: Annual Auditing/Reviews

As stated in the ESMF, the Annual Auditing/Review is the responsibility of OWEB. The assignment of
Annual Auditing/Review will be conducted by independent consultants or a joint team of experts from
OWEB and REPA, as applicable. The ESMF implementation review will also be supported by conducting
an annual environmental and social performance audit (including an audit of the implementation of
ESIA/ESMP, as appropriate) that will be carried out by a third party. The third-party annual environmental
and social performance audits will be conducted on the BRWDLP Component 1, and 2 subproject activities

to evaluate the overall implementation of the ESMF. The annual environmental and social performance
audits will be considered to be the principal source of information for program management for improving
environmental and social performance. It is expected that these third-party annual performance audits will
be carried out by a registered and licensed independent consulting firm that is not otherwise involved in the
Project. The purpose of the annual performance audit includes to assess the OWEB compliance with ESMF
procedures, learning lessons, improving future ESMF implementation performance; and assessing the
occurrence of, and potential for, cumulative impacts due to Program-funded and other development
activities, as necessitated.
Steps Fifteen: End-of-Project Evaluation

End-of-Project evaluation is the responsibility of OWEB. The assignment will be conducted at the end of
the project life by an independent consultant or team of experts from REPA and OWEB, as required. The
typical sub-project screening and implementation cycle under BRWDLP is shown in Figure5.1 below.
Step 1:
BRWDLP Step 10: Submission of Step 11:
Subproject approval decision report Documentation
identification to OWEB by REA and Projects
Effectiveness
Step 2:BRWDLP
Subproject
Screening Step 9: Approval of
Preparation safeguard instruments Step 12: Project
(ESIA/ESMP) Implementation
by REPA
Step 3: Desk
Appraisal Step 13:
(OWEB) Step 8: Submission Supervision
of ESIA/ESMP to and
the REPA by Monitoring
OWEB
Step 4: Safeguard
Screening and Step 14: Annual
prepration of Step 7: Review Auditing/Revie
Screening report w
of screening
(OWEB)
report by the
AfDB
Step 5: Step 15: End

Submission of Step 6: Review of of project
Screening report screening report evaluation
by OWEB to by REPA
REPA
Figure5.1: Typical sub-project screening and implementation cycle under BRWDLP

6. STAKEHOLDERS AND COMMUNITY CONSULTATIONS

Sector stakeholders and community representatives’ consultations were undertaken by aiming at ensuring
the quality and comprehensiveness of the ESMF preparations. As identifications of key stakeholders and
potential role players are very important, the stakeholders were identified based on the guideline that
indicates the proponent which is the water sector, the consultant, interested and to be affected parties and
the Competent Agency (EPA, 2000).
Each consultation was preceded by disclosing project information, environmental and social issues to ensure
that participants understand the project and accept it. Specifically, the stakeholder consultation process
aimed at (i) disseminating information about the scale and scope of Part-2 Project to ensure that the
stakeholders understand the project, (ii) to enhance project ownership and local leadership, (iii) to
understand the stakes concerns and expectations, and (iv) understand and characterize potential
environmental, social and economic impacts of the project.
6.1 Consulted stakeholders by district, kebele and sex

Consultative meetings were conducted at districts and kebeles levels. Sectors that were consulted at district
levels were participants of districts Culture and Tourism, Agriculture and Pastoral Development Office with
the three intervention areas (Natural Resources Management, Livestock Development and Crops
development), Health Office, Land administration Office, Women and Youth, Water and Energy and also
Environmental Protection Authority sectors. In addition, as a special case, the Borana Zone Land
Administration Department (Mrs. Eden Kefiyalew Kelbessa) was consulted on 23/06/2023 on land related
issues. Similarly, kebele levels consultative meetings were conducted with Kersa Dembi and Gobso kebeles
of Dubuluk district, Sarite and Aade Gelchet kebeles of Elweya district and Hare wayu kebele of Yabello
district. Participants of the consultative meetings are listed in Table6.1 below.
Table6.1: Participants of stakeholders’ consultative meetings by district, kebele and sexes

Ser. Number of participants by sex
No. Sectors/ community Male Female Total Date Remark
A. District sectors participants
1. Dubuluk district sectors participants 5 1 6 24/06/2023 Annex 11.1
2. Elweya district sectors participants 7 2 9 26/06/2023 Annex 12.2
3. Yabello district sectors participants 4 1 5 23/06/2023 Annex 13.1
District sectors sub total 16 4 20
B. Kebele community
representatives
4. Gobso kebele of Dubuluk district 17 3 20 27/06/2023 Annex 11.5
5. Kersa Demi of Dubuluk district 11 8 19 24/06/2023 Annex 11.3
6. Adde Gelchet kebele of Elweya district 15 7 22 26/06/2023 Annex 12.4
7. Sarite kebele of Elweya district 22 5 27 26/06/2023 Annex 12.6
8. Har-wayu kebele of Yabello district 14 2 16 27/06/2023 Annex 13.3
Kebele participants sub total 79 25 104
Total 95 29 124
Source: Fieldwork consultative meetings, June 2023.

6.2 District Stakeholders Consultations

Yabelo, Dubuluk and Elweya Project districts sectors stakeholders’ consultative meetings were conducted.
on 23/06/2023, 24/06/2023 and 26/06/2023 respectively to create awareness on BRWDILP, Part 2 Project
and identify participants’ views and concerns based on their sectors roles and responsibilities. Parts of the
participants are shown in Figure6.1, Figure6.2 and Figure6.3 below.
Figure6.1: Dubuluk District sectors stakeholders’ consultation participants
Figure6.2: Elweya District sectors stakeholders’ consultation participants

Figure6.3: Yabello district’s sectors stakeholders’ consultation participants
6.3 Issues and Concerns raised on districts stakeholders’ consultative meetings

Although issues raised in each session were similar at most, the project delay case for the last twenty years
was the top issue raised on all the three districts consultative meetings as potable water supply case is the
root causes for all human and livestock problems of Borana Zone.
The districts consultative meetings participants and minutes are annexed. See the Annexes for details.
• Dubuluk District sector stakeholders’ consultation participants and minutes – Annex11.1 and 11.2,
• Elweya District Water, Mines and Energy Office staffs’ discussion participants - Annex12.1,
• Elweya District sector stakeholders’ consultation participants and minutes – Annex12.2 and 11.3, &
• Yabello District sector stakeholders’ consultation participants and minutes – Annex13.1 and 13.2.
Similarly, major issues, the sectors responses and opinions on possible project positive and negative impacts
are summarized in Table6.2 on next page and in Annex 14 of this ESMF report.

Borana Resilient Water Development for Improved Livelihoods Program Updated Environmental and Social
(BRWDLP), Part-2 Project Management Framework Final Report
Table6.2: Summary of raised issues and opinions of district stakeholders’ consultative meetings
Major project benefits and participants expectations Major raised issues Participants opinions and responses
1. Yabello District Sector Stakeholders (23/06/2023)

The project has many advantages of which the major once are: Major possible threats of the Sector stakeholders’ opinions and
• Disabled people get water at their area. project can be” responses regarding possible mitigation
• Women workloads for searching for water by travelling • Lack of trusts on the project measures are:
long distances each day and exposing to different problems as repeated previous promises • Plan on each sectors involvement to
will be solved. were not met so far and the ensure the project implementations.
• The lives of livestock will be saved as travelling for water supply issues delayed • Plan and undertake in group or by
searching for water points and lack of water seriously for the last 20 years. sector intermittent awareness creation
affecting and exposing to deaths. • Although not serious as the and monitoring of status of project
• The time spent on searching for water will be used for other community settlements and possible threats down to kebele level
development activities that benefits the people. farmlands are very scarce, the so as to give timely solutions.
• Cross breading of Boran livestock species with poor quality water supply line can cross • The project team shall try all possible
livestock species of other areas during travelling long farm lands and result in design solutions for conservation and
distances for searching for water and grass will be stopped. landholding compensation protections of cultural, cemeteries,
• Water ration will be solved. cases. custom and religious sites.
• Water purchase will be stopped. • As in any town, it may affect • Compensate land by land for land loss
• Decreases diseases outbreaks. fences in residential areas. related issues and
• Enhance and promotes community hygiene. • Compensation shall be the last option
• The prevailing waterborne disease cases will be minimized. if and only if all possible options for
lost resources are failed.

2. Dubuluk District Sector Stakeholders (24/06/2023)

Of many advantages of the water supply project for the district The project can have minor In order to avoid or solve expected
populations are: threats or negative impacts of negative impacts”
• Solves the Dubuluk Town prevailing poor water quality which the major once are: - • Undertake continuous awareness and
problem. • Lack of trusts on the project as follow ups by each sector as water is
• Water rations stopped, purchase for 20-30 Birr per 10 liters repeated previous promises were life and it changes the lives our district
and using water from unprotected sources such as ponds not met so far and the water people.
stopped. supply issues delayed for the last • As the community be with project and
• Creates job opportunity for many citizens during 20 years. eagerly for getting reliable water
construction and for line workers during operations. supply, each sector as sector shall plan
• Land acquisition issues as the
• Solves travelling and passing nights at water points that its involvement in fulfilling the project
water supply line may cross
has been exposing our women for multiple problems. implementations.
individuals’ plots.
• Problems on women, children and disabled peoples will be • Planning to provide any individual land
stopped and solved. affected by the project from the plenty
• The prevailing waterborne disease cases will be communal areas of the district.
minimized.
• The currently serious potable water problems in the 13
kebeles of the district will be minimized,
• Teachers and students’ school’s dropout due to potable
water loss at schools and problems on school feedings
solved.
• Schools, health centers and institutions deliver proper
services, and
• Women workloads for searching for water by travelling
long distances for 4-6 hours each day and exposing to
sexual attacks will be solved.

3. Elweya District Sector Stakeholders (26/06/2023)

The project has many advantages than dis advantages of which If not properly studied and In order to avoid possible impacts on the
the major one in our opinions are: - designed, the water supply main project areas and on the project itself the
• The project solves severe drought problems on human canal and distribution lines: - following measures shall be considered.
and livestock. • Lack of trusts on the project as • Ensure stakeholders awareness
• Elders, disabled community members and animals get repeated previous promises were creations.
water at their areas. not met so far and the water • Maximize design solutions.
supply issues delayed for the last
• Prevailing severe waterborne and water related • Providing other farm lands as
20 years.
diseases due to unsafe water sources uses will be settlement areas are scarce and
• May cross and affect cultural
minimized or eradicated. vast areas of communal land
or custom sites, graves,
• Community disease control, hygiene and prevalent present along the project
religious sites.
human diseases outbreaks minimized or avoided. transmission lines, water
• Individual agro pastoralist’s
• Community development enhanced. distribution and residences.
farm lands can be crossed,
• Create jobs during project construction & operation. • Planning water supply
• Water supply line may come
• Problems on children those who left at home when transmissions and distribution
onto conserved and protected
mothers go for searching for water will be solved. lines alignment through creating
ruminant tree species.
• Severe economic problems due to water purchasing for community awareness in order to
• Water supply lines impacts on
Birr 20 to Birr 30 per 10 liters of water will be left. consider and protect cemetery,
residences & perennial crops
• Girl students school dropouts due to long distances religious and cultural sites, etc.
along the lines, etc.
water fetching for families avoided, etc.

6.4 Kebele Levels Community Representatives Consultations

Community representatives’ consultative meetings of each of the three district kebeles which are expected
to be beneficiaries of the project were conducted by the study team during the field assessment. Accordingly,
Kersa Dembi and Gobso kebeles of Dubuluk district, Sarite and Aadde Gelchet kebeles of Elweya district
and Hare-Wayu kebele of Yabelloo district community consultations were conducted in each kebele.
Participants of the consultative meetings are shown in Figures 6.4-6.8
Figure6.4: Kersa Dembi kebele of Dubuluk District community representative consultation participants
Figure6.5: Gobso kebele of Dubuluk District community representative consultation participants
Figure6.6: Hare Wayu kebele of Yabello District community representative consultation participants

Figure6.7: Adde Gelchet kebele of Elweya District community representative consultation participants
Figure6.8: Sarite kebele of Elweya District community representative consultation participants
6.5 Issues and Concerns raised on each kebele consultative meetings

Similar to issues raised in each district sector stakeholders’ consultative meetings, the project delay case for
the last twenty years was the top issue raised on all the five kebeles consultative meetings. This indicates
that potable water supply case is the root causes for all human and livestock problems of the project areas.
The districts kebeles consultative meetings participants and minutes are annexed. See under annex 11, 12
and 13. Similarly, summary of issues and opinions of the community representatives’ consultative meetings
major positive, negative and responses or opinions given by participants are summarized and presented by
kebele and issue in Table6.3 on next pages and also in Annex 14 of this ESMF.

Table6.3: Summary of raised issues and opinions on each kebele community representatives’ consultations
Major project benefits & participants expectations Major raised issues Opinions and responses
1. Kersa Dembi Kebele of Dubuluk district community representatives’ consultation (24/06/2023)

If the water supply project becomes real, its benefits are by Possible impacts or threats Major opinions on possible mitigation or
far greater than any possible negative impacts that can be raised by the community enhancement measures of the participants are:
caused by the project construction activities. Of major representatives during the • Aware the community before starting
possible benefits few are listed down. consultative meeting are: - surveying to enhance community acceptance.
• As we are using pond water for domestic water uses, • Lack of trusts on the project • Ensuring water supply and distributions
the water supply project helps in reducing or as repeated previous promises systems extended to all schools, health
avoiding incidences of waterborne and water related were not met so far and the centers and service giving institutions to
diseases severely observed in the project area. water supply issues delayed promote serve deliveries.
• Students’ school dropout will be solved and teachers for the last 20 years. • Ensure stakeholders awareness creations.
can also stay at schools as they currently leave the • Minor land acquisition and • Maximize design solutions.
area for Yabello and other towns due to the water loss issues by water • Providing other farm lands as settlement are
supply problem. transmission and distribution scarce and vast areas of land in project areas
• Economic problems we are facing by purchasing lines. without farm and residences
water for Birr 20-30 per 10 liters or a Jerican will be • Water supply lines impacts on • Constructing cattle troughs based on
minimized or solved, residences & perennial crops livestock types (for large and small) based on
• The community development will be promoted by along the lines. community awareness.
the safe water supply. • Impacts of water supply • Although not serious, reconstruct residences
• Time spent on searching for water will be used for transmission and distribution by community and compensate only for
other development activities. lines on religious, cemetery industrial materials such as corrugated iron
• Children and dis-abled peopled will be benefited. and cultural sites, etc. (if damaged) and nails.
• Lack of water points near community settlements’ • Human and livestock water supply sites shall
and in rangelands for livestock will be solved. depend on community recommended sites
• Livestock body conditions that affected by long and suggestions.
distances travelling for water and grass will be good • Plan water supply transmissions and
and can be sold with better price. distribution lines alignment through creating

• The severe livestock deaths due to lack of water and community awareness in order to consider
grass will be stopped or minimized and the cemetery, religious and cultural sites.
community life will be better.
2. Aadde Gelchet Kebele of Elweya district community representatives’ consultation (26/06/2023)
Few of the water supply project benefits are: - Possible threats of the project Major opinions on possible mitigation or
• The project creates job opportunities for citizens. on inhabitants or the project enhancement measures of the participants are:
• Although Aadde Gelchet village established 60 area on the project itself are • Aware the community before starting
years ago, its development was lagged back due to listed below. surveying to enhance community
potable water problem and the water supply
• The up and down acceptance.
enhances the village development.
• Prevailing severe waterborne and water related topography or Gelchet • Ensuring water supply and distributions
diseases due to unsafe water sources uses will be Mountain Chain of the area systems extended to all service providers of
minimized or solved. can affect the water supply the kebele to promote serve deliveries.
• The project promotes the kebele health center and line distribution. • Land acquisition issues should be managed
school service delivery promoted. • The main transmission line by thorough discussions with community,
• The serious human health problems due to unsafe can pass through elders, religious leaders, clan leaders and
water uses for domestic purposes will be avoided or individuals farm lands, indigenous institutions before starting
minimized. • Lack of trusts on the project implementation of the project activities.
• Solves travelling about 30 kms long distance as repeated previous • Donate lands for the project construction, by
searching for water points that has been exposing
promises were not met so individual land holder.
our women for multiple problems.
• Creates job opportunities for our children.
far and the water supply • As the project issues stayed long years, it
issues delayed for the last shall start soon.
20 years. • Maximize design option to overcome the
topography problems.
3. Sarite Kebele of Elweya district community representatives’ consultation (26/06/2023)
Few of the water supply project benefits are: - Possible threats of the project Major opinions on possible mitigation or
• Solves or minimizes the prevailing severe on inhabitants or the project enhancement measures of the participants are:
waterborne and water related diseases the community area on the project itself are • Awareness creation before project start
suffer due to unsafe water sources uses. listed below. survey and then construction.

• Although not serious, land • Land acquisition issues should manage by
• The project promotes the kebele health center and ownership problem exists. thorough discussions with community,
school service delivery promoted. • The Gelchet Mountain Chain elders, religious leaders, clan leaders and
• The serious human health problems due to unsafe indigenous institutions before starting
topography can influence the
water uses for domestic purposes will be avoided or
water supply line implementation of the project activities.
minimized,
• Our livestock get water and their lives will be saved, distribution, and • Land ownership is not serious and should
• Creates job for our children, • Lack of trusts on the project be managed by community by donating.
• Water related health problems will be solved, and as repeated previous • As the project issues stayed long years, it
• The community will get reliable water for human promises were not met so far shall start soon.
and their livestock which are the livelihoods sources and the water supply issues • Maximize design option to overcome the
of the project area community. delayed for the last 20 years, topography problems.
4. Gobso Kebele of Dubuluk district community representatives’ consultation (27/06/2023)

The project benefits are by far greater than its possible Few of possible threats of the Major opinions on possible mitigation or
negative impacts. Accordingly, few of the benefits are: - project on the area inhabitants’ enhancement measures of the participants are:
• Solves or minimizes the prevailing severe or the area on the project are: - • Ensure community awareness of the project
waterborne and water related diseases the community • The project crosses before starting surveying.
suffer due to unsafe water sources uses. communal and privately • Consider solar energy source for power
• As water is basic necessity than food itself, the owned lands. generation as it is easy in the area.
community will get reliable water supply. • The canal can come on • If mico-irrigation development is
• The village itself can easily grow to township as individual residents and considered.
water supply is one factor for town growth. institutions. • Land acquisition issues should be managed
• The community will get reliable water for human • Minor land acquisition and by thorough discussions with community,
and their livestock which are the livelihoods sources loss issues by water elders, religious leaders, clan leaders and
of the project area community. transmission and indigenous institutions before starting
• The health service and school can serve the distribution lines. implementation of the project activities.
community easily. • Lack of trusts on the project • Substitute land from communal areas based
• As the project area land is suitable for farming, the as repeated previous on community agreement.
water supply project may enhance micro irrigation promises were not met so
in the area. far and the water supply

• Prevailing severe waterborne and water related issues delayed for the last • The project shall include cattle trough for
diseases due to unsafe water sources uses will be 20 years, their livestock to protect the existing critical
minimized or solved. water shortage for livestock.
• Solves travelling long distance searching for water • Compensate cost of industrial materials such
points that has been exposing our women for as Corrugated Iron and Nails, etc. of
multiple problems. affected individual.
5. Hare Wayu Kebele of Yabello district community representatives’ consultation (27/06/2023)
The project benefits are by far greater than its possible The project stayed ideal for the Major opinions on possible mitigation or
negative impacts and few of the benefits are: - last 20 years. enhancement measures of the participants are:
• As the main livestock death of our kebele is lack of • The project crosses • Ensure community awareness of the project
water, the project solves the livestock death communal and privately before starting surveying.
problems. owned lands. • If mico-irrigation development is
• School, health center and kebele institutions service • The canal can come on considered.
delivery will be enhanced. individual residents and • Land acquisition issues should be managed
• Migration of the village communities to other areas institutions. by thorough discussions with community,
due to lack of water for human and their livestock • Minor land acquisition and elders, religious leaders, clan leaders and
will be minimized. loss issues by water indigenous institutions before project
• Avoids travelling long distance searching for water points transmission and implementation activities.
that has been exposing our women for multiple problems. distribution lines. • Substitute land from communal areas based
• Avoids the currently seen serious sanitation and on community agreement.
health problems and promotes community health. • The project shall include cattle trough for
• The community will get reliable water for human their livestock to protect the existing critical
and their livestock which are the livelihoods sources water shortage for livestock.
of the project area community. • Compensate cost of industrial materials such
as Corrugated Iron and Nails, etc. of
affected individual.

6.6 Stakeholders and community attitudes towards the project
The three project districts key stakeholders’ and the project kebeles community representatives’
consultative meetings created better understanding of the Borana Resilient Water Development for
Improved Livelihoods Program (BRWDLP), Part 2 project objectives. The ESMF consultant identified that
the project areas sectors and the local communities have good attitudes and expressed project benefits,
threats and mitigation measures on possible adverse impacts they considered.
The team; a senior RPF consultant, zone Project Coordinator and the senior ESMF consultant concluded
that the stakeholders’ and community representatives’ consultations created better understanding of the
project objectives and helped in identifying their attitudes on participating in the project implementations.
The consulted officials, sector offices, experts and pastoral community representatives have got better
understanding of the project and expressed broad support of the Program, as the water supply interventions
ensures communities water supply, solve health and economic challenges faced by the communities.
The consultative meetings and discussions outputs generally attested that positive impacts of the project
outweigh the negative and the project has got full consent of the peoples of the Part 2 Project areas. The
participants were also expressed their promises to participate in the project implementation and the team
concluded that the stakes and community representatives have positive attitudes on the project. Lists of
contacted persons and minutes are annexed.

7. POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS, RISKS AND

MITIGATION MEASURES
7.1 Introduction
The proposed program, i.e., Borana Resilient Water Development for Improved Livelihood Program
(BRWDLP), Part-2 project of the program is envisaged to contribute to the sustainable provision of
improved water supply for the people and Livestock in Borana Zone, Oromia Region of Ethiopia. The actual
implementation sites of various projects under this program are not yet known. In this regard, the potential
impacts described below are indicative to serve as a guideline for a thorough assessment of environmental
and social issues and to develop broader relevant safeguards instrument(s) (such as environmental and social
management plan (ESMP), Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA), Resettlement Policy
Framework (RPF), Resettlement Action Plan (RAP), etc.
Given the nature and scale of proposed projects under the BRWDLP, Part-2 project and respective activities
over construction and operation phases, both positive and negative impacts are expected to be generated
and affect nearby biophysical and social environment. In this regard, environmental and social impacts that
could be emanated from program activities are expected to be limited. These may stem from ground
disturbance due to construction activities of water supply infrastructure, which include groundwater source
development (boreholes drilling), wellfield area water supply route (including backbone, water collection
and transmission to Simu Hilltop Reservoir, other reservoirs and last-mile connectivity), transmission and
distribution systems, which will include water mains, reservoirs and distribution networks, water
connections, macro and micro metering and pressure monitoring systems, public fountains and cattle and
camel troughs, development of pressurized and gravity Water Supply Collector, Conveyance and
distribution systems, scheme Administration Offices (office, shade, stores, garage and compound works,
auxiliaries structures at satellite offices), Livestock watering troughs and associated infrastructure for
smallholder agriculture, other auxiliaries (pump house, Generator and guardhouses. operators’ dwellings,
Manager dwellings, etc.), sanitation facilities in schools, public places like markets and health facilities,
latrine for Teachers, Girls and Boys students, public Shower Room with Septic Tanks, etc.
Moreover, other potential impacts during construction and operation periods may include health and safety
issues, air emissions, solid waste and wastewater. The stated adverse effects associated with construction
and operation phases of the proposed program will be reversible in nature and no impact is anticipated that
will lead to irreversible negative permanent change. It is foreseen that most of the projects under BRWDLP
are category 2 with the above noted typical impacts which are assessed as localized; varying from small to
moderate scale and mitigation measures could be readily designed.
In any case, all projects will be screened carefully case by case, to determine the appropriate category and
environmental safeguard instruments to manage the potential impacts, as stated in section 5 of this ESMF.
The following potential environmental and social benefits and impacts of the program components were
identified through reviewing relevant documents, comprehensive stakeholders and community
representatives’ consultation processes as well as field visits in selected locations of the project areas.

7.2 Positive Impacts

The Borana Resilient Water Development for Improved Livelihoods Program is expected to bring
considerable positive impacts to the population in the Program implementation area by contributing to
increased and sustainable access to the water supply that will improve the health and socio-economic
livelihoods of the peoples, their livestock as well as address capacity constraints of water utilities that will
facilitate improved governance and efficiency of sustainable service delivery. The anticipated major
benefits of the program are indicated below.
7.2.1 Improved quantity and quality of drinking water

As it is already known, the program area is under chronic water shortage for humans and livestock. The
local communities have been using drinking water from unprotected sources such as ponds and shallow
wells (Eelaa). Various attempts have been made by the government and NGOs to address the social drought;
however, most the interventions are only for emergency purposes. Apart from solving the chronic water
shortage, the availability of such a large and reliable water supply will also reduce further construction
activities that come with developing many small sources. Therefore, the implementation of the proposed
project is expected to have a positive impact to provide reliable and sustainable water supply to the target
people and the livestock.
7.2.2 Improved health and Sanitation services

The availability of potable water is one of the major pillars to provide adequate health services at the level
of institutions, including childbirth and other regular health services. Hence, water supply is a decisive
social service required for health institutions to provide appropriate services for the community. The
availability of water with quality and quantity also contributes by large to sanitation and hygiene activities
of urban as well as rural settlements areas. The existence of a drinking water supply will obviously reduce
water-related diseases such as diarrhea, thereby minimizing the cost of healthcare in households. In addition,
it results in a reduction in infant, child, and maternal mortality and morbidity due to improved health and
sanitation. At the household level, personal hygiene such as hand washing, bathing, and overall sanitation
at home will be improved, if the proposed project is implemented. Therefore, the implementation of the
project will have an enormous contribution to improving public health status, good hygiene, and improved
standards of living for the project area community.
7.2.3 Increased productive time for Women and Girls

The burdens of water problems often fall on the shoulders of women and children. Children and women
devote a significant share of their time to searching for water where the drinking water supply is inadequate.
They also travel long distances which takes a significant part of their productive time. Therefore, the
implementation of the proposed project helps children, especially girls, will have more time for school work.
7.2.4 Reduce the negative Consequences of mobility

Human and livestock mobility of the project area is basically for two basic things; one for water and the
other is to search for natural pasture for their livestock. The availability of a clean and adequate water supply

leads to a sedentary way of life (Reduce mobility for the search of water). During mobility, there are
negative consequences such as resource competition, environmental degradation, the transmission of
diseases, abandoning of farmland, incurring additional expenses, high livestock death, and ethnic conflict.
Hence, the availability of water supply for Borana people will have significant social and environmental
benefits as it alleviates the aforementioned demerits of searching water during the dry season.
7.2.5 Initiates improved Forage Development

Livestock feed is the other decisive factor for pastoral and Agro-pastoral community. With the introduction
of water supply for humans and livestock, activities related to improved forage production will be a
promising intervention area for government and NGO’s.
7.2.6 Increased opportunity for income diversification

Crop farming/forage production and participation in other income diversification activities such as petty
trading are expected to expand with sedentary life and in response to declining means of indigenous
livelihood system.
7.2.7 Employment opportunity

The project can create brief employment opportunity for the semiskilled and unskilled labor force of the
area and helps in generating income that can support their livelihood. The construction phase will bring
about job creation for a large number of skilled and unskilled laborers for vegetation clearing, menial works,
drivers, and machine operators. In addition, the operation phase is also expected to create jobs for some
semi-skilled individuals on the management of the water supply system.
7.2.8 Improved Investment / Business Opportunity

Water is one of the basic social services required for development urban and rural areas. Borana has a lot
of cattle, goat and sheep for export; meat, milk, cheese and livestock products. Also, it is a land of unique
birds only found on the earth and can attract investors and trusts. Hence, the availability of potable water
supply can create conducive environment for expansion of various domestic and foreign business
opportunities to Borana area.
7.2.9 Enhance Social Service Deliveries

Schools, health centers and other service giving institutions services are limited by poor access to potable
water as water is basic necessity. As reported during stakeholders’ consultative meetings, many teachers
leave schools due to potable water loss. Students’ school feeding services are also seriously affected due to
lack of potable water and schools’ dropouts are aggravated. Therefore, the water supply project solves these
problems and service deliveries of different institutions are enhanced.

7.3 Negative Impacts and Mitigation Measures

7.3.1 Impacts on Aesthetic Value and Landscape
The aesthetic impact of infrastructure developments is largely a subjective matter determined by individual
preferences. During the implementation of the proposed water supply project under the program, there will
be a disturbance to the natural landscape, especially activities related to excavation work for groundwater
source development (Drilling of boreholes), wellfield area water supply route (including the backbone,
water collection, and transmission to Simu Hilltop Reservoir, other reservoirs, and last-mile connectivity),
transmission and distribution systems, which will include water mains, reservoirs, and distribution
networks; water connections; scheme Administration Offices (office, shade, stores, garage, and compound
works; auxiliaries structures at satellite offices), etc. The impacts will be site-specific and limited. Among
others, the anticipated impacts will be mitigated through the restoration of construction sites to pre-
construction state, limiting vegetation clearance for the water pipelines to the required work strip,
landscaping of the spoil tips should take advantage of the natural terrain, and removing the good topsoil
first and stockpile it separately for use in replanting and restoration.
Mitigation Measures
Mitigation measures include, but not limited to:

• Restoration of construction sites to pre-construction state,
• Limit vegetation clearance for the water pipelines to the required work strip,
• Landscaping of the spoil tips should take advantage of the natural terrain, and
• Remove the good topsoil first and stockpile it separately for use in replanting and restoration.
7.3.2 Land Acquisition, Resettlement and Compensation

The principal negative impact envisaged from the Program is connected with very limited land acquisition
in district towns of the Program that may arise by distribution line during the construction phase of the water
supply project of the Program. The proposed water infrastructures will be located on cultivated agricultural
lands, which could adversely affect the individual family land use or homesteads, and thereby livelihood of
these farmers and their families can somehow be affected although the significance is very low. The
Government of Ethiopia has a comprehensive Land Tenure Policy that ensures full compensation for people
affected by development projects. According to Zonal and District administrative officers, households
displaced or may be economically affected by the Program’s various activities such as main transmission
lines, water supply distribution systems of the project, reservoir, cattle trough, pressurized and gravity Water
supply Collector, Conveyance, and distribution systems or any other auxiliary investments auxiliaries
(pump house, Generator, and guardhouses. operators’ dwellings, Manager dwellings etc.), etc. are provided
with not only financial compensation but also technical, regulatory and capacity building support to engage
in alternative livelihood options. The Environmental Management Component for the proposed Program
will ensure compliance with the GoE and the Bank’s policies on resettlement and compensation. These and
other impact mitigation measures will be reflected in the ESMP and RAPs if any to be developed and
implemented in each of the Borana Resilient Water Development for Improved Livelihoods Program
districts. These guiding documents will be developed before the commencement of any physical works of
the sub-projects using a participatory community consultation approach. Although expected, the impact can
be extremely low.

Mitigation Measures
Mitigation measures to reduce or prevent impact of land acquisition include:
• Provision of appropriate compensation to land lost and other properties,
• Land acquisition should be limited to only areas that are essential for the project activities, and
• Identify alternative road or detour where there are no residents or perennial crops.
7.3.3 Soil Erosion and Pollution

During the construction, soils will be excavated by activities like soil removal, blasting, backfilling,
compacting, excavation, and disposal of surplus soil, etc. Site clearing and vegetation removal precede
construction activities. This makes the project sites soil susceptible to erosion. This applies to all project
components but especially for the work that involves excavation and soil disturbance activities. But the
majority of excavated materials will be used for refilling and revegetation. Failure to re-vegetate temporary
used land may accelerate soil erosion. The anticipated impact will be mitigated by implementing the
following mitigation measures. These include: No clearing of vegetation shall be undertaken outside of
marked areas and Limit vegetation clearing as much as possible, Re-grading of slopes and re-vegetation of
exposed areas, Any tunnels or erosion channels developed during the construction or maintenance period
shall be backfilled and compacted and the areas restored to a proper condition, Areas where construction
activities have been completed and where no further disturbance would take place are rehabilitated through
re-vegetation, Ensure the construction crew is aware of remaining vegetation which must not be touched or
damaged, Implement water and soil erosion conservation practices, as applicable, etc.
Mitigation measures
Mitigation measures include, but not limited to:
• No clearing of vegetation shall be undertaken outside of marked areas and Limit vegetation clearing
as much as possible,
• Stabilize the soil mechanically to reduce erosion potential,
• Re-grading of slopes and re-vegetation of exposed areas,
• Use excavated materials for backfilling of the trench section around the pipes,
• Spoil earth/rock should be disposed of in appropriate approved area,
• Any tunnels or erosion channels developed during construction or maintenance period shall is
backfilled and compacted and the areas restored to a proper condition,
• Areas where construction activities have been completed and where no further disturbance would
take place are rehabilitated through re-vegetation, and
• Ground leveling is minimized and if possible concentrated only to the specific building foundation
areas when it is necessary.
• Contain all solid wastes at designated location within construction sites.
• All removal of topsoil or vegetation should be kept to minimum to prevent erosion.
• Ensure that the construction crew aware of remaining vegetation which must be conserved.
• Implement water and soil erosion conservation practices, as applicable
• Proper location of material stockpiles, especially sand and soil downwind from the commercial,
residential, and other settlements and receptors like schools and health facilities will be required.
• Frequent wetting of the stockpile and working area, and
• Screening of or providing wind breaks for stockpiles.

7.3.4 Boreholes drilling activities impacts

The proposed groundwater development for the water supply requires construction of the water wells. This
will be executed through application of drilling fluids that can likely cause groundwater contamination.
During drilling; drilling fluid, drilling mud and other associated activities can have impacts on the
surrounding environment. Bacteriological or chemical contamination of aquifers can occur by drilling
equipment. Greasing of drilling equipment can also cause soil contamination if appropriate care is not taken.
The site near the well field can be affected by drilling that has aesthetic and visual effects. If wastewater
from well field is directed to the nearby water body, it can also likely pollute surface water bodies.
Mitigation Measures
The impacts can be reduced or eliminated through:
• use of biodegradable drilling fluids and mud additives;
• drain the water wells area to avoid infiltration of contaminated water;
• restore the site affected by drilling to its initial condition;
• dry drilling fluid, mix with surrounding soil and spread at site;
• construct properly as designed and ensure water tight well head and sealing of pump to well head;
• submerged pump & other equipment into each well should be disinfected at each extraction, and
• Ensure protection and safe management of hazardous materials from entering wells, etc.
7.3.5 Impacts on cemeteries and traditionally respected sites

Borana people mostly use cemeteries in villages on family lands outside churchyards. The people are also
accustomed to respect traditionally community assembly places. Such cemetery and traditional assembly
places are highly respected by each community members. Therefore, such respected places should be
protected during water transmission and distribution lines alignments and constructions.
Mitigation Measures
In order to control and protect impacts on such respected places:
• Aware community members proposed transmission and distribution routes,
• Collect information on such respected places on proposed alignments, and
• Consult and involve community members during survey.
7.3.6 Impact on Water Quality

During construction activities, soil erosion from earthworks and runoff will have potential to be drained
into receiving water bodies causing increased turbidity of the surrounding water bodies, including streams,
wetlands, and rivers. As there is no perennial river except for some ponds and shallow wells, hence the
impacts low negative. But at the borehole compound, accidental fuel and oil spills from construction around
the pump house and worker’s camp will generate sanitary effluents which are potential sources of
microbiological and organic pollutants in groundwater. Another source of water pollution is represented by
batching plants and particularly by the effluent from concrete truck cleaning which consists of wastewater
with high contaminants from the concrete additives. The potential mitigation measures will be to Avoid
unnecessary soil erosion on the community water source and at stream crossings, Secondary containment
to collect diffuse and accidental spills, Storage and handling of fuel should be kept away from the
community water source, Installation of sanitary water treatment facilities in workers’ camps, Contain all
solid wastes at a designated location within construction sites to avoid contamination of water sources
nearby, all removal of topsoil or vegetation should be kept to a minimum to prevent erosion that ultimately
results in sedimentation effect of the nearby water sources, collect wastes and segregate at generation site
in accordance with their types (hazardous, organic and inorganic waste), safely transport and disposed of at
the final dumping or disposal site specified and approved by the local authority to avoid any adverse impact
on health and well-being of people.
Mitigation Measures
The water pollution impacts possible mitigation measures include, but not limited to:
• Avoid unnecessary soil erosion on the community water source and at stream crossings,
• Secondary containment to collect accidental spills,
• Storage and handling of fuel should be kept away from the community water source, and
• Installation of sanitary water treatment facilities in workers’ camps.
• Contain all solid wastes at designated location within construction sites to avoid contamination of
water sources nearby.
• All removal of topsoil or vegetation should be kept to minimum to prevent erosion that ultimately
results in sedimentation effect of the nearby water sources.
• Proper location of material stockpiles, especially sand and soil downwind from the commercial,
residential, and other settlements and receptors like schools and health facilities will be required.
• Provide initial and continuous construction workforce training in handling with waste segregation
and appropriate waste disposal.
• Instruct the construction workforce to dispose spoil soils on approved fill /material disposal
locations and strictly supervise the correct placement of fill, where possible, construction materials
to be reused or recycled.
• Collect wastes and segregate at generation site in accordance with their types (hazardous, organic
and inorganic waste), safely transport and disposed of at the final dumping or disposal site specified
and approved by the local authority to avoid any adverse impact on health and well-being of people.
• Locate disposal sites in areas of land, which, prior to the commencement of the construction works,
were not used for agricultural and grazing purposes or designated for agricultural and grazing
purposes.
7.3.7 Air Pollution

The major impacts on air quality will be due to generation of suspended particulate matter during
construction of access roads, transmission lines, distribution lines, etc. Fuel combustion of construction
machineries is also other source of air pollution. Operation of such activities during construction phase
likely generates suspended particulates that can have health impacts on nearby settlements and line workers.
In addition, vehicular movements for transporting various construction materials to and from construction
site aggravate the impacts. The impacts are localized and may cause significant health effects to site workers
and people living around the site by dusts and exhaust fumes that may sensitize respiratory tracts and lungs
problems.

Mitigation Measure
Measures to be adopted to minimize dust generation during construction include:
• Intermittent roads watering during construction and machine operations;
• Limiting and controlling vehicle speeds and selecting transportation routes to minimize impacts;
• Covering or watering open disposal sites.
7.3.8 Health and Sanitary Problems

There will be large workforce during construction of the project. Incoming workforce with heterogeneous
health status can aggravate disease transmission. In addition, construction wastes can create health effects
on surrounding areas.
Mitigation Measures
• Improve environmental sanitation through availing appropriate sanitary facilities, refilling pits, and
ensure accommodation of essential sanitary facilities;
• Construction of adequate and properly located refuse disposal pits and creating awareness for the
town inhabitants on solid waste handling and disposal;
• Create awareness towards open deification and others in line with penalty, etc.
7.3.9 Noise Impacts

The level of noise and vibration is likely to increase during the construction phase. The noise will mainly
come from generators, vehicles, blasting and equipment operations during construction activities. This is a
short-term impact and it will be felt mostly around construction sites and its peripherals. The noise will have
a temporary impact which can be significant if next to settlements. As most of the construction activities
are far from settlement areas, the magnitude of the impact is low. The anticipated impact will be
implemented through the implementation of the following mitigation measures. These are Scheduled noisy
activities to daytime hours, Instruct the workforce to avoid unnecessary noise, All vehicles and equipment
shall be turning off their engines during rest time, reduce nighttime disturbance from construction noise,
which is unavoidable, the practice of conducting construction activities should be limited between the hours
of 2100 and 0600 in areas which are within 500 meters of residences, Ensure that all workers wear earmuffs
and other personal protective gear/equipment when working in noisy sections, Appropriate vehicle
maintenance to reduce noise emissions, etc.
Mitigation Measures
The noise pollution impacts possible mitigation measures include, but not limited to:
• Schedule noisy activities to daytime hours,
• Locate noisy installations in adequate distance to residential areas to meet noise limit values,
• Install noise control devices in construction equipment if noise levels exceed existing guidelines
limit.
• Instruct the workforce to avoid unnecessary noise.
• All vehicle and equipment shall be turning off their engines in rest time.
• Appropriate vehicle maintenance to reduce noise emissions.

• To reduce nighttime disturbance from construction noise, that is unavoidable, the practice of
conducting construction activities should be limited between the hours of 2100 and 0600 in areas
which are within 500 meters of residences
• Ensure that all workers wear earmuffs and other personal protective gear/equipment when working
in noisy sections, and
• Equipment normally producing high levels of noise should be suppressed and screened when
working within a distance of 200 meters from any settlement, clinic, religious places or other
sensitive noise receptors.
7.3.10 Solid waste generation impacts

Solid wastes including packaging and extra construction materials such as timber, concrete, gravel, metals
and plastics, broken equipment and miscellaneous debris usually found near workers ‘camps, staff houses
and offices during construction phase activities. If all these are left behind without being cleaned and
properly disposed of, the environmental impact can be serious. The impact is also certain and moderately
significant at the wellfield and along the pipeline routes. The possible mitigation measures include, but are
not limited to: Ensuring detailed design and specifications are undertaken so as to minimize solid waste
generation of waste during construction, Locate material and stockpiling areas within the project
construction corridor until its ultimate destination is determined, managing stockpile areas and storage areas
properly, dispose of non-recyclable construction materials at a licensed waste facility and avoid fly-tipping,
provide recycling bins around workers ‘camps, offices and amenities, properly segregate wastes at
generation site, safety transport and dispose at the designated disposal site approved by the local
administration, develop and implement a waste management plan.
Mitigation Measures
Impacts of solid wastes possible mitigation measures include, but not limited to:
• Ensure detailed design and specifications are undertaken so as to minimize solid waste generation
of waste during construction,
• Locate material and stockpiling areas within the project construction corridor until its ultimate
destination is determined,
• Manage stockpile areas and storage areas properly,
• Dispose non-recyclable construction materials at a licensed waste facility and avoid fly-tipping,
• Ensure used furniture and equipment from decommissioning is sold off/reused where possible,
otherwise, dispose of at an appropriately recognized landfill,
• Recycle any ballast that cannot be reused as ballast and remove excess ballast and clean fill off site
for reuse, as possible Sustainable use of resources (to reduce the consumption of resources and to
adopt recyclable materials where possible. Water systems comprise significant number of structures
and mechanical fittings),
• Optimize the water supply structures sizes to reduce the volume of construction materials used and
soils to be disposed tore recyclable waste separately from residual/non-recyclable waste, and
• Provide recycling bins around workers ‘camps, offices and amenities.

7.3.11 Vegetation clearing impacts

Vegetation clearing during construction to leave space for the construction of water supply infrastructures
and ancillary facilities such as, compounds, access roads, and other building facilities is unavoidable. The
largest area to be impacted is the work strip for access roads, wellfield facilities and the water main
transmission pipeline. However, as most of the land is covered by open shrublands, the overall loss of
vegetation by land clearing is limited. Hence, the magnitude of the impact on the vegetation is low negative.
The mitigation measures are Vegetation clearing should be minimized as much as possible, Limit vegetation
clearing for water pipelines required work strip, Use indigenous plant species for re-vegetation, as much as
possible, The tree planting program shall be planned and implemented with locally adoptable species in the
project areas to replace species that are likely to be affected, Awareness campaigns and enforcement of a
worker’s code of conduct for the protection of biodiversity, Include vegetation rehabilitation techniques to
recover lost plant cover such as reforestation, afforestation of terrestrial fauna.
During the construction phase, noise is generated from vehicular movements, sand and aggregate
processing, concrete mixing, excavation machinery, etc. The presence of the construction workforce will
result continuous disturbance of wildlife and other fauna species. The disturbance is likely to affect wildlife
in general by triggering them to avoid or escape the project area. However, most of the animals and avian
diversity found in the project area can easily adapt the construction site and find equally suitable habitats
nearby. The construction activity and associated movements shall adhere to the rules and regulations so as
to limit vehicle speed, avoiding unnecessary noise and limiting movement of the workforces of the working
area., Posting signposts especially in and around the buffer zone of the National Park and other sensitive
habitats, etc., Create awareness campaigns and for drivers, pedestrians, community members and other
passer-by on wildlife safety, Consider the location of mature trees during site selection for the transmission
line construction and land clearing for borehole, reservoir or other project component activities, Minimize
clearing and disruption of riparian vegetation. Avoid excessive destruction of trees and other vegetation and
minimize clearing of indigenous plant species, and replanting of indigenous plant species in disturbed areas,
Enforcing speed reducing mechanisms (including limiting the vehicle speed to 20 km/hr. maximum, placing
speed bumps, rumble strips, etc. ) to avoid or minimize collisions with wildlife and speed reducing
mechanisms around the project area along the buffer zone, avoiding blowing horns in forest section,
establishing wildlife passes, animal detection system within the project area, support for local environmental
education and wildlife organizations, etc.
Mitigation Measures
Vegetation clearing impacts possible mitigation measures include, but not limited to:
• Vegetation clearing should be minimized as much as possible,
• Limit vegetation clearing for water pipelines required work strip,
• Use only indigenous plant species for re-vegetation.
• The tree planting program shall be planned and implemented with locally adoptable species in the
project areas to replace species that are likely to be affected.
• Awareness campaigns &enforcement of a worker’s code of conduct for the protection of
biodiversity, and
• Include vegetation rehabilitation techniques to recover lost plant cover such as reforestation,
afforestation, offset planting, etc.

7.3.12 Population Influx

It is expected that workforce from different parts of the country can concentrate at the project area during
construction phase. The construction activities usually attract job seekers and potential suppliers. Even
though temporary, the population influx can put considerable pressure on resources and social services,
especially on health and sanitation. Although expected minimum, increased risk of exposure to COVID-19,
HIV/AIDS and other STDs can be aggravated as are the result of population influx. The impacts can be
managed by establishing a recruitment policy that gives priority to local residents for less specialized
services and conduct public health follow-ups of the Program areas by addressing issues of behavioral
change, water and sanitation, COVID-19 control, malaria, HIV/AIDS, etc. Develop and Implement Labor
Influx Management Plan, cases awareness creation and strengthen follow-ups.
Mitigation Measures
Impacts of population influx possible mitigation measures include, but not limited to:
• Establish transparent recruitment procedures to avoid camp followers in form of job-seekers,
• Establish a recruitment policy that gives priority to local residents for less specialized services,
• Recruitment procedures to be shared with the local authorities for further dissemination,
• Award opportunities for sub-suppliers and sub-contractors of local firms which in turn employ local
labour,
• Conduct public health campaigns addressing issues of behavioral change, water and sanitation,
COVID-19, malaria, HIV/AIDS, and
• Develop and Implement Labour Influx Management Plan.
7.3.13 Occupational health and safety impacts

Construction workers are prone to accidents resulting from construction activities. These accidents may
have acute or chronic impacts depending on nature, severity, and intensity. The construction and
mobilization activities of the proposed water supply program, such as extraction of groundwater, working
at height, accidental falls from high elevations, injuries from hand tools and construction equipment cuts
from sharp edges of metal sheets, and falling in trenches, from operating machinery and moving vehicles,
exposure to weather elements, noise, work in confined spaces, trenching, risk of falling objects, injuries
from fires, and accidents by vehicles, motorcycles, and bicycles, etc. will result in accidental injuries and
hazards, etc. In addition, health risks include disease hazards due to the lack of sanitation facilities (water
supply and human waste disposal) for the workers at the construction site, indiscriminate disposal of waste
from the construction site and camps/guard houses/generator houses can lead to contamination of both
ground and surface water. This could lead to outbreaks of waterborne diseases such as diarrhea, dysentery,
typhoid, etc. which potentially affect the workers as well as the community residing nearby. The potential
impact on public health and safety will also be related to open trenches, excavated materials along the main
transmission line trench, trucks, or construction machinery movement along residential and/or access roads.
The impact is related to increased traffic on the main roads for the entire duration of the pipe installation
works. Additionally, there is a risk that people fall into trenches or excavations or slide from the trench
when the slope is not properly secured. The recommended mitigation measures are Ensure compliance to
occupational health and safety standards, Maintain safe workplaces, plant and working systems, Providing
information, instruction and training enabling employees to work without risks, Consulting with employee-
elected health and safety representatives and/ or other employees about occupational health, safety and

welfare, Ensure workers’ camp standards, quality and provision of basic social services based on existing
standards, guidance on workers’ accommodation, Make an awareness campaign for workers as well as
public about the safety issues related to their activities, provide frequent training about the use of PPE to
workers, Ensure safe and good working conditions at the workplace, Enclosure the area around which work
is taking place to prevent unauthorized access, Hoisting and lifting equipment should be rated and properly
maintained, and operators trained in their use, Frequent maintenance of project vehicles and machinery to
minimize air emissions., develop and implement a Public and Occupational Health and Safety Management
Plan (POHSMP) comprises of monitoring and reporting mechanism of occupational accidents and diseases,
dangerous occurrences, and incidents Increased COVID- 19, STDs and HIV/AIDS Cases.
The project is expecting to employ project staff and casual laborers during construction. Social interactions
among staffs and with locals cannot be avoided. Considering the nature with which COVID-19 and
HIV/AIDS is contracted and spread, workers’ number is significant to make a serious contribution to
COVID-19 pandemic and other communicable diseases. The presence of monetary strength will act as a
catalyst and thus enhance such social interactions between the project workers and people of the nearby
centers. The extent of this impact is localized with a medium intensity. The impact can be highly
improved/eliminated with mitigation. The possible mitigation measures include, but not limited to:
Undertaking periodic awareness creations for the workforce on safe working practices, Promoting health
education and awareness creations, Instilling proper code of conduct and work ethics among construction
workers and ensuring that they are observed, and workers should be aware on their own safety and safety
of others, Develop a comprehensive STDS, HIV/ AIDs and COVID 19 awareness for both workers and
local community, Provision of STDs, HIV and AIDS prevention measures such as distribution of condoms
to workers/local people both male and female, Creation of awareness of STDs, HIV/AIDS, COVID 19 in
worker’s camps through training and installation of posters, Promote continuous sectoral, gender related
Information, Education and Communication (IEC) messages about HIV/AIDS, STDS, COVID 19 infection,
protection, counseling and care, Increase availability and accessibility of condoms, Establish a sectoral
policy that will safeguard human and civil rights and avoid discrimination of workers and community
members who are infected with HIV/AIDS.
Mitigation Measures
The possible mitigation measures include, but not limited to:
• Ensure compliance to occupational health and safety standards,
• Maintain safe workplaces, plant and working systems,
• Providing information, instruction and training enabling employees to work without risks,
• Consulting with employee-elected health and safety representatives and/ or other employees about
occupational health, safety and welfare,
• Ensure workers’ camp standards, quality and provision of basic social services based on existing
standards, guidance on workers’ accommodation,
• Establish workers grievance mechanisms.
• Make awareness campaign for workers about the safety issues related to their activities hence
provide frequent training about the use of PPE
• Ensure safe and good working conditions at workplace.
• Enclosure the area around which work is taking place to prevent unauthorized access.

• Hoisting and lifting equipment should be rated and properly maintained, and operators trained in
their use.
• Frequent maintenance of project vehicles and machinery to minimize air emissions.
• Reduction of engine idling time in construction sites.
• Use of extenders or other means to direct diesel exhaust away from the operator.
• The project shall develop and implement Public and Occupational Health and Safety Management
Plan (POHSMP) comprises of monitoring and reporting mechanism of occupational accidents and
diseases, dangerous occurrences and incidents.
• Undertaking periodic awareness creations for workforce on safe working practices,
• Promoting health education and awareness creations,
• Instilling proper code of conduct and work ethics among construction workers and ensure that they
are observed, and workers should be aware on their own safety and safety of others
• Develop a comprehensive STDS, HIV/ AIDs and COVID 19 awareness for both workers and local
community
• Provision of STDs, HIV and AIDS prevention measures such as distribution of condoms to
workers/local people both male and female
• Creation of awareness of STDs, HIV/AIDS, COVID 19 in worker’s camps through trainings and
installation of posters.
• Promote continuous sectoral, gender related Information, Education and Communication (IEC)
messages about HIV/AIDS, STDS, COVID 19 infection, protection, counseling and care.
• Increase availability and accessibility of condoms, and
• Establish a sectoral policy that will safeguard human and civil rights and avoid discrimination of
workers and community members who are infected with HIV/AIDS.
7.3.14 Gender Violence, Sexual Attacks and Violence against Children

Favoritism based on gender, forced/unforced sexual roles in response/condition of being hired, employing
Children for physical works may be among the Part 2 project associated adverse impacts. High gender
disparity is also believed to be one of the major bottlenecks for development. This high gender disparity
between men and women negatively affects the development of a nation and its wealth distribution.
Experiences from other projects show that construction works attract the local population and in particular
women and children below 18 years of age seeking employment opportunities. Therefore, the risk of
Violence against Children (VAC) Gender-Based Violence (GBV) will increase in the construction area.
If children below the age of 18 are employed in construction works, it may lead to the exploitation of
children and, at the same time, it is a violation of National Law. Child labor is illegal and considered harmful
and creates psychological and social problems in the community. The Contractor is required to be non-
discriminatory regardless of race, religion, gender, age, or disability. The Contractor is also expected to
commit itself to identify group of employees or societies that need special labor-management practices
based on their diverse nature; and can give special protection, support, or execute an affirmative action in
labor-management practice.

Women always do not receive equal employment opportunities; and the contractors, in most cases, favor to
employ men rather than women, and female workers do not obtain particular attention due to their biological
and physical condition. Hence, the discrimination against women will negatively affect those women who
want to work in the proposed Part 2 project. Such discriminatory acts and lack of other employment
opportunities may force women to carry out other marginal activities and to be engaged as sex workers for
survival, which exposes them to increased risk of sexually transmitted diseases, HIV/AIDs and unwanted
pregnancies. The perceived negative impacts of the project on women include: increased risk of exposure
to sexually transmitted diseases and unwanted pregnancies; price increase of consumer goods due to the
coming of large number of work force to the area in particular will make Female Headed Households
vulnerable to economic crisis; and most construction companies prefer to employ only men, and this will
lead to unequal treatment women during employment of the construction workforce.
The construction of the project attracts the local population and in particular young people seeking
employment opportunities. It is also true that construction works generate good employment opportunities
for the local population. However, sometimes it would negatively influence and attract the young to drop
out of school. Similarly, children who are below the age of 14 might also be attracted by the availability of
employment opportunities in the locality. If children below the age of 14 are employed in the construction
works, it may lead to the exploitation of children which violates the National law. Child labor can be harmful
and create psychological and social problems in the community. The impact is low.
Mitigation Measure
The possible mitigation measures include, but not limited to:
• Management measures including proper sanitation, waste disposal facilities, awareness campaigns
for the prevention of AIDS/HIV, sexually transmitted diseases and other communicable diseases,
sensitization for health insurance will be needed at the project site.
• The reinforcement of laws on child labour, sexual harassment/prostitutions and gender equity
should be done.
• The Contractor is required to develop and implement the project’s Codes of Conduct (COC), GBV
Action Plan, Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) and implement accordingly throughout the
project implementation period.
• All employees attend an induction training course prior to commencing work on site to ensure they
are familiar with the Contractor’s commitments to the project’s Codes of Conduct., and other
standards, such as ESHS and OHS standards.
• Ensure that posted and distributed copies of the Contractor and individual Codes of Conduct are
translated into the appropriate language of use in the worksite areas as well as for any international
staff in their native language.
• All employees should sign the project’s ‘Individual Code of Conduct’ confirming their agreement
to comply with ESHS and OHS standards. This sets stringent standards for personal behavior by
those working on the project so as to avoid GBV, SEA, VAC, and workplace sexual harassment.
• Contractor shall enter into agreement with local recognized NGO to develop training topics and
materials on the mechanism to manage GBV, VAC, SEA, risks and carry out training on GBV,
VAC, SEA for both workers and local people as per the plan, conduct services provider mapping
in the project area, develop a clear referral pathway.

• All forms of SEA, VAC and sexual harassment are unacceptable, regardless of whether they take
place on the work site, the work site surroundings, at worker’s camps or within the local community.
Therefore, the Contractor is required to put in place administrative measures to prevent and
minimize Gender Based Violence (GBV) and Violence Against Children (VAC) with proposed
preventive and mitigation strategies.
• Develop and Implement GBV Action Plan,
• All employees, including volunteers and sub-contractors are highly encouraged to report suspected
or actual acts of SEA, VAC and sexual harassment by a fellow worker, whether in the workplace
or not. Reports must be made in accordance with project’s SEA, child sexual exploitation and abuse
and sexual harassment Allegation Procedures.
• The Contractor is required to strengthen grievance redress and other monitoring mechanisms to
ensure safe and ethical reporting systems to alert cases of GBV and VAC and assure them to access
adequate response.
• Take strict measures against children employment and managers are required to report and act to
address suspected or actual acts of GBV and/or VAC as they have a responsibility to uphold
Contractor commitments and hold their direct reports responsible.
• Contractor social safeguard specialist will monitor provision to mitigate and respond to suspected
case of GBV, VAC, and SEA in workplace.
• In case of SEA, VAC and Sexual harassment acts suspected in the workplace constitute gross
misconduct and are therefore grounds for sanctions, which may include penalties and/or termination
of employment. In addition to Contractor sanctions, legal prosecution of those who commit acts of
SEA or VAC will be pursued if appropriate.
• Prepare and implement action plan for managing GBV, SEA, VAC impact
• Work closely with local authorities to stop recommending underage children for the project
construction works.
• The GBV Action Plan shall reflect adequately
o Existing country gender diagnostics.
o Country-wide and region-specific/District data on violence against women.
o Data and/or information on cultural practices vis-à-vis women (early marriage, physical
practices);
o Existing services available from GBV Services Providers (Health care for GBV survivors,
Psychosocial support, women’s and girls’ safe spaces, justice and legal aid, referral
systems) quality, accessibility and gaps.
• The grievance mechanism shall ensure safe, confidential, non-judgmental and ethical reporting
systems on GBV, sexual abuse and child labor as well as service referral to survivors to alert cases
of prevalence and assure them to access adequate response.
7.3.15 Electricity and Road inaccessibility impacts

Power supply is basic in the intended project implementations for borehole, booster stations. Beside this
access road is needed to reach each pump

Mitigation Measures
In order to eliminate or control such water supply source shortages:
• Construct access roads to access each borehole sites.
• Ensure reliable power supply sources to overcome problems on water pump stations and on the
whole water supply systems.
7.3.16 Water supply line leakage impacts

Whenever there is water supply line leakages, contamination risks when the water pressure drops due to a
leak, there's the possibility that contaminants in the ground can get sucked into the pipe and travel through
the pipe network. Contaminants can include bacteria and viruses, obviously not safe for consumption.
Beside this, water shortage can exist as a result of the leakages. Leakages may exist on main transmission
line to the main reservoir and sometimes at pipelines junctions that can influence and interrupt water supply
system and may play significant roles in creating water shortage and health risks.
Mitigation measures
In order to eliminate or control the problem ensure:
• Regular follow up and monitoring of transmission and distributions lines, and
• Immediate maintenance and replacing lines whenever there are leakages.

8. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
8.1 Background
A project Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) is developed to ensure that appropriate
environmental management practices are followed during the project design, construction and operation
phases. It is a key generic document that focuses on identification of impacts and respective measures to be
implemented over the program implementation phase. It ensures that the project impacts are minimized to
an acceptable level during the implementation of the project designed under the BRWDLP in general and
for these Part-2 projects of the program. Thus, ESMP becomes a document for warranting that all the
preceding analysis is used to preserve/improve the quality of the overall biophysical and socio-economic
environment within the program influence area. The general objective of the ESMP is to develop procedures
and plans to ensure that the mitigation measures will be BRWDLP out during the preconstruction,
construction, operation, and decommissioning phase of the proposed BRWDLP.
8.2 Purpose of the ESMP

The purpose of the ESMP is to identify and document environmental and social impacts, mitigation and
enhancement measures and monitoring procedures to be undertaken. This safeguards instrument allows the
proposed programs to reduce potential impacts generated from the implementation of projects by
integrating environmental and social procedures and mitigation plans in the project implementation
programs. The ESMP should be project-specific that clearly and concisely describes project adverse
impacts, selected management measures to bring it to an acceptable level and timelines for implementing
these measures. It should also clarify roles and responsibilities among the various stakeholders including
OWEB, Contractors, etc.
This generic ESMP serves as a pertinent instrument to guide the project proponents (OWEB) and other
implementers to develop and carry out effective mitigation measures, design, and conduct sound
environmental and social monitoring programs. The ESMP describes the probable adverse impacts, selected
management measures to bring it to an acceptable level, and timelines for implementing the defined
measures. Moreover, it plays a vital role in identifying the roles and responsibilities of each institution,
stakeholders including power developer, contractors, etc., and the required capacity-building components
for implementing parties that warrants sustainable developments of the proposed projects. In accordance
with the above objectives, the ESMP should be prepared and adopted in the following approach:
• Examine the project in terms of its major activities and identify the aspects associated with the
project construction which generate environmental impacts;
• Identify the environmental issues associated with the major activities;
• Develop mitigation measures for the aspects identified as having environmental impacts;
• Incorporate environmental mitigation measures into construction/installation and operation
schedules and activities, develop corrective actions and ensure monitoring;
• Develop further environmental provisions through a series of project Site Environmental and Social
Management Plans and procedures;

• Define the specific actions required, roles and responsibilities for these actions, the timetable for
implementation, and associated costs;
• Describe capacity building and training requirements for the implementation of the ESMP; and
• Define a proposed institutional structure to govern the implementation of the ESMP.
A project-specific ESMP will be prepared once projects under the BRWDLP are identified and that must
be integrated with the bidding document. The building blocks of an ESMP are:
• Potential adverse impacts identified and mitigation measures to be adopted, together with
conditions within which one or other measure would apply and their integration with Part 2 Project
Pre-construction, Construction/ Implementation and Operation;
• Enhancement plans for positive impacts;
• Monitoring Plan with indicators, mechanisms, frequency, locations;
• Budgetary allocations for all the above activities;
• Institutional arrangements for each activity and mitigation measures;
• Implementation schedules for each activity and its integration with the project implementation
timelines, and
• Reporting procedures, including for redressing grievances related to environmental & social issues.
The site specific ESMP would need to be prepared for specific projects as and when identified based on
ESIA. An ESMP document should include:
• Lists of all project-related activities under the program and impacts, for each stage of the
development of Projects, i.e., for the design, construction and maintenance stages;
• A list of regulatory agencies involved and their responsibilities;
• Specific remedial and monitoring measures proposed for each stage;
• A clear reporting schedule, including discussion of what to submit, to whom, and when, and
• Cost estimates and sources of funding for both one-off costs and recurring expenses for
implementation of the ESMPs.
ESMP shall deal with the construction, operations, and decommissioning stage of the project under the
BRWDLP. The extent and timing of mitigation actions should be based on the significance of the predicted
impacts. Some mitigation measures can be incorporated into the design of the project under the program
and can largely resolve the potential anticipated impacts. Other measures require an ongoing
implementation plan to ensure that proposed actions are carried out at the correct times, that environmental
and social safeguards measures such as slope protection, borrow area reclamation, are maintained, and that
prompt remedial actions are taken when the initial measures are not fully effective.
Environmental and social management activities during the implementation of the project of the BRWDLP
will be governed by the possible negative impacts associated with the program’s respective project
construction and operation activities and the corresponding mitigation measures stated under the
environmental and social impact and mitigation measures section of this ESMF. These mitigation measures
could be used as either safety, social or physical measures to avoid/mitigate the anticipated impacts on the
biophysical and social environment within and around the project area.

The Environmental, social, and safety management specification as part of the proposed project under the
BRWDLP contract document shall contain all the necessary clauses relevant to the respective projects
financed under the BRWDLP. The contract document shall be a binding legal document to be signed by
the contractor and OWEB.
Table8.1 presents an indicative environmental and social management and monitoring plan, which can be
used to adapt in the preparation of ESMP during the implementation of the proposed Projects under the
BRWDLP, Part-2 Project. A summary of the likely issues and potential impacts & mitigation measures is
presented in the following Table7.8 to guide the preparation of upcoming ESMPs as more projects get
identified. The generic ESMP is only a guideline document and would require addressing the program
activities anticipated impacts & proposing mitigation measures. A template for the preparation of ESMP is
annexed to this ESMF (See Annex-4).

Table8.1: Environmental and Social Management plan

Potential Proposed Mitigation and/or Implementation Responsible Estimated Budget (USD)
Impacts Enhancement Measures period Institution budget (Birr) (1USD=55.27 ETB
Design Phase
Land acquisition, • Provision of appropriate compensation to land Design phase Proponent Project budget Project budget
Resettlement and lost and other properties,
Compensation • Land acquisition should be limited to only
areas that are essential for the project
activities, and
• Identify alternative road or detour where there
are no residents or perennial crops.
Construction Phase-Physical environment
Visual impact on • Restoration of construction sites to pre- Construction Contractor Included in the Included in the
Aesthetic Values construction state, Phase construction construction cost
of Topography • Limit vegetation clearance for the water cost contract contract
and Landscape pipelines to the required work strip, requirement requirement
• Landscaping of the spoil tips should take
advantage of the natural terrain, and
• Remove the good topsoil first and stockpile it
separately for use in replanting and restoration.
Soil Erosion and • Limit vegetation clearing as much as possible, Construction Contractor/ Included in the Included in the
Pollution • Stabilize soil mechanically to reduce erosion Phase Supervising construction construction cost
potential, Engineer cost contract contract
• Re-grading of slopes and re-vegetation of requirement) requirement)
exposed areas,
• Use excavated materials for backfilling of the
trench section around the pipes,


• Spoil earth/rock should be disposed of in
appropriate approved area,
• Any tunnels or erosion channels
developed during construction or
maintenance period shall is backfilled and
compacted and the areas restored to a
proper condition,
• Areas where construction activities have
been completed and where no further
disturbance would take place are
rehabilitated through re-vegetation, and
• Ground leveling is minimized and if
possible concentrated only to the specific
building foundation areas when it is
necessary.
Boreholes Drilling • Use of biodegradable drilling fluids and mud Construction Contractor Included in the Included in the
Activities Impacts additives; phase construction construction cost
• Drain the water wells area to avoid infiltration cost contract contract
of contaminated water; requirement) requirement)
• Restore the site affected by drilling to its initial
condition;
• Dry drilling fluid, mix with surrounding soil
and spread at site;
• Construct properly as designed and ensure
water tight well head and sealing of pump to
well head;
• Submerged pump and other equipment into the
well need be disinfected, initially and at each
extraction, and


• Ensure protection and safe management of
hazardous materials from entering wells, etc.
Water Source • Avoid unnecessary soil erosion on the Construction Contractor Included in the Included in the
Pollution Impacts community water source and at stream phase construction construction cost
crossings, cost (contract contract
• Secondary containment to collect diffuse and requirement) requirement)
accidental spills,
• Storage and handling of fuel should be kept
away from the community water source, and
• Installation of sanitary water treatment
facilities in workers’ camps.
Air pollution • Spray water on construction sites in order to Construction Contractor Included in the Included in the
minimize or avoid dust, phase construction construction cost
• Tarp trucks transporting loose/friable materials cost (contract contract
to minimize loss during transportation, requirement) requirement)
• Consider covering stockpiles of excavated
soils in areas near houses and shops,
• Maintain and store piles of loose/friable
materials and soil in a suitable manner to
minimize dust dispersion.
• Minimize exhaust fumes, machinery and
equipment shall not be running when not in
use while ensuring that they regularly
serviced, and
• Equip construction vehicles and machinery
with standard pollution-control devices to
minimize dust emissions.


Construction • Schedule noisy activities to daytime hours, Construction Contractor Included in the Included in the
Activities Noise • Locate noisy installations in adequate distance phase construction construction cost
and Vibration to residential areas to meet noise limit values, cost (contract contract
Impacts • Install noise control devices in construction requirement) requirement)
equipment if noise levels exceed existing
guidelines limit, and
• Instruct workforces to avoid unnecessary
noise.
Solid waste • Ensure detailed design and specifications are Construction Contractor Included in Included in the
generation undertaken so as to minimize solid waste phase the construction cost
impacts generation of waste during construction, construction (contract)
• Locate material and stockpiling areas within cost (contract)
the project construction corridor until its
ultimate destination is determined,
• Manage stockpile areas and storage areas
properly,
• Dispose non-recyclable construction materials
at a licensed waste facility and avoid fly-
tipping,
• Ensure used furniture and equipment from
decommissioning is sold off/reused where
possible, otherwise, dispose of at an
appropriately recognized landfill,
• Recycle any ballast that cannot be reused as
ballast and remove excess ballast and clean fill
off site for reuse, as possible Sustainable use
of resources (to reduce the consumption of
resources and to adopt recyclable materials


where possible. Water systems comprise a
number of structures and mechanical fittings),
• Optimize the water supply structures sizes to
reduce the volume of construction materials
used and soils to be disposed tore recyclable
waste separately from residual/non-recyclable
waste, and
• Provide recycling bins around workers
‘camps, offices and amenities.
Construction Phase-Biological Environment
Vegetation • Vegetation clearing should be minimized as Construction Contractor Included in the Included in the
clearing much as possible, Phase construction construction cost
• Limit vegetation clearing for water pipelines cost (contract (contract
required work strip, and requirement) requirement)
• Use only indigenous plant species for re-
vegetation.
Impacts on • Schedule noisy activities to daytime hours, & Construction Contractors Included in the Included in the
Terrestrial Fauna • Instruct the workforce to avoid unnecessary phase construction construction cost
noises. cost (contract) (contract)
Construction Phase - Socioeconomic Environment
Population influx • Establish transparent recruitment procedures Pre-construction Project Included in the Included in the
to avoid camp followers in form of job- and construction Owner/ construction construction cost
seekers, phase Contractors cost (contract) (contract
• Establish a recruitment policy that gives requirement)
Project Owner
priority to local residents for less specialized
services, Owner’s cost -
part of public


• Recruitment procedures to be shared with the health and
local authorities for further dissemination, safety
• Award opportunities for sub-suppliers and
600,000.00
sub-contractors of local firms which in turn
employ local labour, and 10,856.00 USD
• Conduct public health campaigns addressing
issues of behavioral change, water and
sanitation, COVID-19, malaria, HIV/AIDS.
Impacts on roads • Use culverts and any other crossing structure, Construction Project To be Included in the
if available, to cross the canal, and phase owner estimated after construction cost
• Negotiate with road Authority and compensate consensus with (contract)
for the unavoidable impact. road authority
Public and • Ensure compliance to occupational health and Construction Contractor Included in Included in the
occupational safety standards, phase construction construction cost
health and safety • Maintain safe workplaces, plant and working cost (contract) (contract)
impacts systems,
• Providing information, instruction and training
enabling employees to work without risks,
• Consulting with employee-elected health and
safety representatives and/ or other employees
about occupational health, safety and welfare,
• Ensure workers’ camp standards, quality and
provision of basic social services based on
existing standards, guidance on workers’
accommodation and
• Establish workers grievance mechanisms.
• Make awareness campaign for workers about
the safety issues related to their activities


hence provide frequent training about the use
of PPE
• Ensure safe and good working conditions at
workplace.
• Enclosure the area around which work is
taking place to prevent unauthorized access.
• Hoisting and lifting equipment should be rated
and properly maintained, and operators trained
in their use.
• Frequent maintenance of project vehicles and
machinery to minimize air emissions.
• Reduction of engine idling time in
construction sites.
• Use of extenders or other means to direct
diesel exhaust away from the operator.
• The project shall develop and implement
Public and Occupational Health and Safety
Management Plan (POHSMP) comprises of
monitoring and reporting mechanism of
occupational accidents and diseases,
dangerous occurrences and incidents.
• Undertaking periodic awareness creations for
workforce on safe working practices,
• Promoting health education and awareness
creations,
• Installing proper code of conduct and work
ethics among construction workers and ensure


that they are observed, and workers should be
aware on their own safety and safety of others
• Develop a comprehensive STDS, HIV/ AIDs
and COVID 19 awareness for both workers
and local community
• Provision of STDs, HIV and AIDS prevention
measures such as distribution of condoms to
workers/local people both male and female
• Creation of awareness of STDs, HIV/AIDS,
COVID 19 in worker’s camps through
trainings and installation of posters.
• Promote continuous sectoral, gender related
Information, Education and Communication
(IEC) messages about HIV/AIDS, STDS,
COVID-19 protection, counseling & care.
• Increase availability and accessibility of
condoms.
• Establish a sectoral policy that will safeguard
human and civil rights and avoid
discrimination of workers and community
members who are infected with HIV/AIDS.
Gender Based Construction Contractor Included in Included in the
• Management measures including proper
Violence (GBV), phase construction construction cost
sanitation, waste disposal facilities, awareness
Sexual cost (contract) (contract)
campaigns for the prevention of AIDS/HIV,
Exploitation
sexually transmitted diseases and other
Abuse
communicable diseases, sensitization for
(SEA)/Sexual
health insurance will be needed at the project
Harassment (SH),
site.


Violence Against • The reinforcement of laws on child labour,
Children (VAC sexual harassment/prostitutions and gender
equity should be done.
• The Contractor is required to develop and
implement the project’s Codes of Conduct
(COC), GBV Action Plan, Grievance Redress
Mechanism (GRM) and implement
accordingly throughout the project
implementation period.
• All employees attend an induction training
course prior to commencing work on site to
ensure they are familiar with the Contractor’s
commitments to the project’s Codes of
Conduct., and other standards, such as ESHS
and OHS standards.
• Ensure that posted and distributed copies of the
Contractor and individual Codes of Conduct
are translated into the appropriate language of
use in the worksite areas as well as for any
international staff in their native language.
• All employees should sign the project’s
‘Individual Code of Conduct’ confirming their
agreement to comply with ESHS and OHS
standards. This sets stringent standards for
personal behavior by those working on the
project so as to avoid GBV, SEA, VAC, and
workplace sexual harassment.
• Contractor shall enter into agreement with
local recognized NGO to develop training


topics and materials on the mechanism to
manage GBV, VAC, SEA, risks and carry out
training on GBV, VAC, SEA for both workers
and local people as per the plan.
• All forms of SEA, VAC and sexual harassment
are unacceptable, regardless of whether they
take place on the work site, the work site
surroundings, at worker’s camps or within the
local community. Therefore, the Contractor is
required to put in place administrative
measures to prevent and minimize Gender
Based Violence (GBV), Violence against
Children (VAC) with proposed preventive and
mitigation strategies.
Operation phase
Impacts on water • Ensure early start of the project’s sanitation Operation Phase Proponent Part of
and Sanitation component to cater for influx of workers and Community
Facilities job seekers, and health &safety
• Provide sufficient water supply & sanitation
facilities to workers at all work sites. 2,022,882.00 36,600.00 USD
Inefficient Pump • Change the damaged pumps as soon as Operation phase Proponent Operation Operation budget
Service Impacts possible and if not changed, maintain and all or the water budget
pumps should work as per their design supply
capacities. Office
• Give especial attention on pump types,
capacity and originality during purchase.


• Strengthen monitoring and follow up for
efficient timely decisions as soon as possible
for timely solutions.
Electricity and • Construct access roads to each borehole sites. Operation phase Yabello area Sectoral Sectoral Budgets
Road • Ensure reliable power supply sources to ELPA, Budgets
inaccessibility Water supply
overcome problems on water pump stations
impacts Office,
and overall, the supply systems,
Oromia Rural
• Ensure reliable access roads to each borehole Roads
and the main reservoir.
Water supply line • regular follow up and monitoring of Operation phase Proponent Operation Operation budget
potential leakages transmission and distributions lines, or the water budget
• Immediate repair and line replacement of lines supply
whenever there are leaks or breaks. Office
Grand Total 2,622,893.1200 47,456.00

9. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MONITORING PLAN
The environmental and social monitoring program is an important tool for the monitoring process of
environmental and social management activities of Part 2 of the wider program as it provides basis for
rational management decisions regarding impacts control. In this water supply program, the environmental
and social monitoring plan helps to ensure that the proposed mitigation measures for identified impacts and
risks are being implemented effectively and fix issues as designed for. The environmental and social
monitoring parameters, processes and activities discussed under this plan are indicative and help to be used
as a guide during the development of the monitoring plan for future proposed Part 2 Projects under the
wider BRWDLP.
9.1 Monitoring Objective

The monitoring program for the proposed project under the program will be undertaken to meet the
following objectives to:
• Check on whether mitigation and benefit enhancement measures have been adopted, and are
proving effective in practice;
• Provide a means whereby any impacts which were subject to uncertainty at the time of ESIA
preparation or which were unforeseen, can be identified to provide the basis for formulating
appropriate additional impact control measures, and
• Provide information on the actual nature and extent of key impacts and the effectiveness of
mitigation and benefit enhancement measures which, through a feedback mechanism, can improve
the planning and execution of future, similar projects.
9.2 Monitoring Approaches

There are two basic forms of monitoring:
• Compliance monitoring, which checks whether prescribed actions have been carried out, usually
by means of inspection or inquiries.
• Effects monitoring, which records the consequences of activities on one or more environmental
components, and usually involves physical measurement of selected parameters or the execution
of surveys to establish the nature and extent of induced changes?
Compliance monitoring is usually given more emphasis in the case of the proposed program designs and
contract documents, and the extent to which recommendations on these matters, as set out in the respective
ESIA which will be prepared for the project under the BRWDLP, will be complied with, plays a major part
in determining the overall environmental performance of the Program
Environmental and social monitoring during the construction phase of each project under the program will
comprise two principal groups of activities:

• Review of the Contractor’s plans, method statements, temporary works designs, and arrangements
relating to obtaining necessary approvals from the Supervisor Engineer, so as to ensure that
environmental and social protection measures specified in the contract documents are adopted and
that the Contractor’s proposals provide an acceptable level of impact control, and
• Systematic observation on a day-to-day basis of all site activities and the Contractor’s offsite
facilities including quarry and borrow areas, as a check that the contract requirements relating to
environmental and social matters are being complied with and that no impacts foreseen and
unforeseen are occurring.
Monitoring is the long-term process that normally begins at the start of the program and should continue
throughout the life of the program. Its purpose is to establish benchmarks so that the nature and magnitude
of anticipated environmental and social impacts are continually assessed. Therefore, monitoring involves
the continuous or periodic review of mitigation activities to determine their effectiveness. Consequently,
trends in environmental degradation or recovery can be established and previously unforeseen impacts can
be identified and dealt with during the project's life.
This section discusses the need for programs covering both internal and periodic external monitoring. The
overall objective of environmental and social monitoring is, therefore, to ensure that mitigation and
enhancement measures should be implemented effectively. Indicative activities and indicators that have
been possibly recommended for the monitoring of the environmental and social management activities are
presented in the below Environmental and Social Monitoring Plan (Table8.1).
The Environmental and Social Monitoring will be carried out for each future project under the program in
order to ensure that all construction activities comply and adhere to environmental provisions and standard
specifications of the Environmental Protection Authority of the country as well as the AfDB Operational
Safeguards so that all mitigation measures are implemented timely and effectively. Such monitoring can
act as an early warning system to management, providing feedback mechanisms to enable damaging
practices to be altered.
The monitoring activities should be fully integrated with other construction supervision and monitoring
activities to be carried out by the construction supervision consultant. The primary responsibility of
ensuring the implementation of sound environmental and social monitoring will rests on Supervision
Engineer (SE), as part of his duties connected with general site supervision. Actual monitoring on a day-
to-day basis will be carried out by the site staff from the construction supervision consultant, under the
direction of the SE. The majority of monitoring will comprise visual observations and will be carried out at
the same time together with the engineering monitoring activities.
A proposed project under the BRWDLP Monitoring Plans will be included in the respective ESMP
specifying the type of monitoring, who will do it, how much it will cost to carry out monitoring, and what
other inputs, such as training, are necessary. Environmental and social monitoring which will be required
to be designed for the future subproject under the program by the respective proponent will focus on the
activities and/or mitigation measures prescribed for the identified environmental and social impacts in the
subproject ESIA/ESMP. Specifically, the monitoring process will include:
• Selection of environmental and social parameters at specific locations and for specific
environmental components, in line with the Program’s respective project ESMPs;
• Visual observations of impacts on environmental and social components;

• Consultation with the key stakeholders and communities, and

• Sampling and regular testing of the key parameters for which appropriate indicators are provided
in the Monitoring Plan.
Monitoring will be undertaken at different levels as follows:
• The Supervision Engineer (SE) will monitor the project in line with the ESMP at the worksites
during project implementation.
• OWEB-PIU, MoWE, and Regional EPAs may also monitor the projects in conjunction with the
district level environmental protection offices and compile a monitoring report that will be sent to
the contractor of the concerned sub-project, as applicable
Site inspections will take place with an emphasis on early identification of any environmental problems and
identifying implementations of recommended remedial actions. Where remedial actions have been required
on the part of the Contractor, further checks will need to be made to ensure that these will be actually being
implemented to the agreed schedule and in the required form. Each part of the site where construction is
taking place needs to be formally inspected from an environmental and social management viewpoint on a
regular basis.
The SE will decide on the appropriate course of action to be taken in cases where unsatisfactory reports are
received from his field staff regarding Environmental, Social, Health, and Safety (ESHS) matters. In the
case of relatively minor matters, advice to the Contractor on the need for remedial action may suffice, but
in all serious cases, the SE should either recommend an appropriate course of action to the contractor or
should issue a formal instruction to the Contractor to take remedial action, depending on the extent of his
delegated powers.
Monitoring systems should be set up during construction by the Supervising Engineer (SE) and Contractor
and by the Proponent during construction activities of the program so that potentially environmentally and
social safeguards problematic areas will be detected well in advance for the appropriate remedial action to
be taken. This could simply be a checklist of items that need to be inspected as a matter of routine, or
periodically, depending on the nature of the aspect.
Check monitoring will be carried out on an intermittent basis by the Environmental Specialist of the PIU.
Monthly reports prepared by the SE should contain a brief section referring to environmental and social
matters, which summarizes the results of site monitoring, remedial actions which have been initiated, and
whether or not the resultant action is having the desired result. The report will also identify any unforeseen
environmental, social, health, and safety risks and impacts and will recommend suitable additional action
items. Progress meetings with the contractor will also include a review of ESHS aspects.
Monitoring of construction activities and mitigation measures implementations will be based on visual
inspections at the construction sites. In addition, the contractors will be responsible for monitoring the
outcome of their management actions on the physical, biological, and human environment. The proposed
performance indicators, means of verifications, responsible body, monitoring frequency, and respective
indicative budget for each activity are described in Table9.1.

9.3 Monitoring Parameters

The implementation of Component 1, 2 and 3 projects activities under Part 2 Projects of the wider
BRWDLP activities will affect some parameters that need to be monitored throughout the program period.
Specific parameters will have to be developed for each subproject once the project activities and sites have
been defined. As stated above, one of the major approaches to carrying out monitoring activities is visual
observation. However, apart from visual observations, particularly it is important that monitoring should
also include limited informal questioning of people and local community leaders who live near the project,
since they may be aware of matters which are unsatisfactory but may not be readily apparent or recognized
during normal site inspection visits.
A summary of the most important parameters to be monitored is presented below and an indicative project
Environmental and Social Monitoring Plan for identified impacts is indicated in Table8.1 below.
a. Soils
Soil excavation during the construction of activities of the program may lead to soil erosion. Monitoring of
the soils being eroded will be through visual inspection of eroded sites and measurement of gullies formed.
b. Water Quality Monitoring
Both project core activities and ancillary facilities construction activities are often a source of significant
surface and groundwater pollution if not sited and managed properly. It is recommended therefore that the
project should monitor both point and non-point source pollution such as effluent, wastewater, or rainfall-
runoff discharged from construction sites, generators and pumping stations, and campsites, as applicable to
ensure that the Contractor establishes appropriate pollution prevention mechanisms and wastewater
treatment facilities. The parameters to be analyzed for water monitoring may include Temperature, pH,
Electrical Conductivity (EC), Suspended Solids (SS), Turbidity, Ammonia (NH4+), Nitrates (NO3-), Total
Nitrogen, Total Phosphorus, Filterable Iron (Fe), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biological Oxygen Demand
(BOD), Grease and oil and e-coli. Where the discharged effluent does not meet the National standards or
the World Health Organization (WHO) standards, the Contractor must take further treatment measures
before discharging effluent into nearby watercourses.
c. Vegetation
The construction activities of the proposed program under each component will result in limited clearance
of the existing vegetation will be cleared. Vegetation cover in these areas will be monitored over time using
photographs or if possible, establishing GPS monitoring points and will be taken during the same season
and on approximately the same dates. In addition, the general species composition, plant height, plant
distribution, and species composition should be recorded for each monitoring site, as required.
d. Resettlement and Compensation
Monitoring should be undertaken in accordance with the requirements of RAPs, which will be prepared for
the projects, as required. Some of the parameters to be measured include the number of people adequately
compensated for the loss of property, the number of complaints against compensation amounts and the size
of land acquired, etc. Specific parameters will be provided in future RAPs.

e. Community and occupational Health and Safety

In addition to the Contractor’s responsibility, Health monitoring shall be carried out by the staff from the
District Health Offices that will have the overall responsibility to ensure that all health-related measures
are put in place and that appropriate mitigation measures are enforced. The project will assist the District
Health Offices to ensure that the contractors fulfill the health requirements. The following parameters are
examples of proposed indicators for monitoring health-related impacts of the Project: I) Number of cases
of STI seen at the facilities, by sex, age groups, and types; ii)Knowledge of key HIV/AIDS issues among
the young and adult population; iii) Number of people counseled for HIV/AIDS; iv) Number of cases of
work-related accidents by sex and age groups and types; v) Number of cases and types of work-related
injuries seen in the health facilities; vi) Number of posted warning signs at work sites compared with the
recommended; vii) Availability of adequate sanitary facilities at campsites, and viii) Level of community
awareness on dangers/risks associated with Project activities
f. Gender-Based Violence
GBV/SEA issues will be monitored on all BRWDLP projects through the set Grievance Redress
Mechanisms for the projects. Indicators for GBV/SEA will include the number of registered GBV/ SEA
cases in the respective project area.
g. Monitoring of Accidents
The contractor must make sure that appropriate signs are posted at appropriate locations /positions to
minimize /eliminate the risk of accidents /incidents and electrocutions. In addition to this, the contractor
should make sure that: i) Measures to create awareness regarding traffic safety, sexually transmitted
infections (STIs), HIV/AIDS, and others such as malaria, schistosomiasis, etc. are taken, ii) Preventive
measures to reduce /eliminate malaria, schistosomiasis, etc. infections wherever and whenever appropriate
and measures are put in place, and iii) Periodic traffic incident prerequisite and occurrence survey, as well
as health survey, should be carried out during the project implementation period. In addition, the air quality
and noise quality monitoring will be considered as a parameter for the monitoring program, as applicable.

Table9.1: Proposed Environmental and Social Monitoring Plan

Ser. Performance Responsible body Frequency of Frequency of Cost in Birr/year Budget
No Major Impacts indicators for monitoring measurement reporting 1USD=55.27 (USD)
Birr
1. Land Acquisition On time payment of District and Kebele Two to three times At of every 120,000.00 2,171.16
and loss of income compensation before administrations. before the initiation assessment
construction of construction
2. Ground water Water quality analysis • Regional Water & Any time such During project 20,000.00 361.86
pollution from of the nearby streams/ Energy Bureau, problem is construction
spillage of fuel, oil, surrounding water anticipated or occurs
• Zone and Districts
grease, etc. bodies especially or biannually during
Water & Energy
groundwater the rainy and dry
Offices
seasons.
3. Water table Changes to results of • Regional Water & Every 6 months Twice a year 120,000.00 2,171.16
drawn and water table level and Energy Bureau, (during rainy and dry
depletion amount produced season)
• Zone and Districts
from well
Water & Energy
Offices
4. Soil erosion and Erosion rate • Oromia At the time of heavy After every 120,000.00 2,171.16
degradation Formation of gullies Agriculture& rain during rainy season.
enhancement Silt accumulation Natural Resources construction and
caused by Bureau, operation
construction work
• Oromia EPA, and
• OWEB
Environmental &
Social experts.
5. Clearances of Change in type and EPAs & Agriculture Once a year Once a year 120,000.00 2,171.16
vegetation cover diversity of flora and offices of each
due to construction fauna species and the district.
work. implementation of
reforestation Program.
Total 500,000.00 9,046.50

10. ESMF MONITORING, EVALUATION, ANNUAL AUDIT AND REPORTING
This chapter sets out requirements for monitoring, evaluation, annual audit, and reporting of this ESMF
implementation. Monitoring of the indicators set out here will be mainstreamed into the overall monitoring
and evaluation system for the project.
10.1 Monitoring
Monitoring is a continuing process throughout the life of the proposed BRWDLP from subproject design
and construction phases, up to operation and decommissioning phases. Its purpose is to establish
benchmarks so that the nature and magnitude of anticipated environmental and social impacts emanated
from subproject activities under BRWDLP can be continually assessed ensuring the achievement of the
ESMF objectives. Monitoring of ESMF as a continuous activity during the proposed program
implementations and/or periodic review as annual monitoring/auditing is used to determine and guarantee
the effectiveness of ESMF measures and procedures. The requirements for monitoring ESMF
implementation are discussed below.
The objectives of ESMF monitoring are:
i) To alert the Program implementer (OWEB) and other relevant counterparts of the program (MoWE,
REA, etc.) by providing timely information about the success or otherwise of the environmental and
social impact management process outlined in this ESMF in such a manner that changes can be made
as required to ensure continuous improvement to proposed program environmental and social
management process (even beyond the project’s life).
ii) To make a final evaluation that helps to determine whether the mitigation measures incorporated into
the technical designs and the project ESMPs have been successfully annexed in the contract
document and implemented. In addition to ensuring the pre-project environmental and social settings
have been restored, improved upon, or if worse than before, to determine what level and type of
further mitigation measures are required.
A number of indicators are presented below as part of the ESMF implementation which will be included in
the overall project monitoring. In addition, an Annual Audit of ESMF Implementation will be conducted
by the OWEB, and other relevant program implementing entities (MoWE), and the report will be delivered
to the REPA, and the AfDB. Any High or substantial-Risk project financed by BRWDLP that has been
subject to an ESIA study will also be required to produce an annual audit report, for delivery to REPA, and
the AfDB. Indicators which will be used during monitoring of the performance of ESMF implementation
include:
• Number of field appraisals conducted;
• Number of ESIA/ESMPs, RAPs and other MSIPs developed;
• Number of written warnings of violations of ESMPs issued to subproject contractors in case of non-
compliance;
• Number of recommendations from the AfDB missions, an annual audit/review that has been
implemented at the beginning of the following year and Quarterly performance monitoring report;
• Number of staff at all levels trained in the implementation of this ESMF;
• Number of chances find procedures for physical cultural resources invoked, if applicable; and,

• Number of staff and other stakeholders at all levels attending a training course, raising awareness
and sensitization program in environmental and social policies and safeguards instruments, ESMF,
RAP, ESMP, ESIA, and other MSIPs.
The indicators are deliberately very simple. Despite their simplicity, the integration of these indicators into
the proposed project planning and its subprojects M and E system provides a guarantee that the ESMF will
be implemented in full.
10.2 Annual Audit

The program Annual Audit is an independently commissioned environmental and social audit that will be
carried out on an annual basis, as required to ensure sound implementation of ESMF. The Annual Audit
will be undertaken by external consultants or otherwise by a team of experts from OWEB, as applicable.
The Audit amongst other things will assess the performance of projects under BRWDLP against the
procedures described in this ESMF, the need for future training, awareness creation and sensitization, and
the implementation of environmental and social impacts of the proposed BRWDLP and its projects.
Guidelines for annual reviews are depicted in Annex-8.
The Annual Audit also provides a strong incentive for OWEB, REPA, MOWE, etc., and other relevant
implementing parties to ensure that the ESMF is implemented and the project ESMPs and other required
safeguards instruments are developed and implemented, as recommended. As applicable, the Audit Team
will report to OWEB as well as to the MoWE, REPA, EPA, as required and the AfDB, to lead the
implementation of any corrective measures, as required. An Annual Audit Report will include a summary
of the environmental and social safeguards performance of the projects under the proposed program, based
on the project ESMPs and measures indicated in the ESMF; presentation of compliance and progress in the
implementation of the project ESMPs; and a synopsis of the environmental and social monitoring results
from individual project monitoring measures (as set out in the respective project ESMPs), at local/district
level.
The main tasks of the audit study will be, but are not limited to:
• Description of the project, objective, scope, and criteria of the audit;
• Verify the level of compliance by the proponent (OWEB) with the conditions of the environmental
and social management plan and MSIPs, as applicable;
• Evaluate the proponent’s knowledge and awareness of and responsibility for the application of
relevant legislation;
• Review existing project documentation related to all project facilities and designs;
• Examine monitoring programs, parameters and procedures in place for control and corrective
actions in case of emergencies;
• Examine records of incidents and accidents and the likelihood of future occurrence of the incidents
and accidents;
• Inspect areas where project equipment and materials are stored and disposed of and give a record
of all significant environmental risks associated with such activities;
• Examine and seek views on health and safety issues from the project staff, the local and other
potentially affected communities; and
• Prepare a list of health, safety, and environmental and social concerns of past and ongoing activities.

The suggested annual report template for a Project is depicted in Annex-9. OWEB must submit the annual
audit report to REPA, and the AfDB on time.
10.3 End-of-project evaluation

As stated in section 6 of this ESMF, based on the comprehensive annual reviews, an end-of-project
evaluation will be conducted, going into more detail with some of the issues raised in the annual audit and
the impact of the capacity development activities provided to the relevant officials and staffs under the GoE
Ministries and Institutions. The evaluation will be conducted by an independent consultant and performed
as per the OECD/DAC criteria of relevance, effectiveness, efficiency, impact and sustainability4.
10.4 ESMF Reporting Procedures and Requirements

Regular Quarterly, Biannual, and Annual Internal Environmental and Social performance monitoring
reports on ESMF implementation will be prepared by the OWEB -PIU Environmental and Social
Specialists and shall be delivered to the OWEB, REPA, and the AfDB. In addition, any “Substantial Risk”
subproject financed by BRWDLP that has been subject to an ESIA study will also be required to produce
an annual audit report, for delivery to REPA and the AfDB.
To monitor the progress of the implementation of the measures that have been identified in this ESMF,
annual audit/reviews will be carried out as outlined in Annex-8. The principal output of the annual
Audit/reviews is a comprehensive report that documents the Audit/review methodology, summarizes the
results, and provides practical recommendations and more specifically a section referring to the overall
ESMF performance, and mitigation measures, etc. Annexes should provide the detailed results of the
fieldwork and summarize the number of approved projects by the respective national and regional teams
and their characteristics according to the annual audit report format (see Annex-9).
During the implementation of the Project, reports mainly originate from the Supervision Engineer (SE) on
the day-to-day progress of the works. The SE submits reports to the Project office for their follow-up and
review and comments on the reports and subsequently, the project office will submit copies of reports to
the OWEB for action, as applicable. The feedback of reports from the Project office, OWEB should be
provided to the SE within the time stipulated in the contract document. OWEB will also submit copies of
reports to the AfDB. To ensure early detection of critical environmental and social conditions and to provide
information on the mitigation progress and results, reporting deadlines have been specified in the ESMF
implementation schedule.
10.5 Submission for Clearance and disclosure of ESMF

The ESMF document will be submitted to the REPA, and the AfDB parallel for their comments and
approval. The disclosure of ESMF will be disclosed on the OWEB website and on the AfDB’s external
website and announced in the Ethiopian newsletters or mass media to the public, as applicable.
4 for more information on the OECD/DAC criteria, please refer to http://www.oecd.org/dac/

evaluationofdevelopmentprograms/daccriteriaforevaluatingdevelopmentassistance.htm

11. PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS AND DISCLOSURE PLAN

11.1 Public Consultation Plan
Continuous consultative process is required for successful identification and assessment of subproject-
specific environmental and social impacts, implementation and monitoring of respective mitigation or
enhancement measures. OBWE has the responsibility to ensure implementation of required public and
stakeholders’ consultations with all relevant parties to achieve the program objectives. Through
consultations, all implementing parties will create a bridge of communication among various actors, the
Public, project beneficiaries and the Government. It helps in creating transparency of project execution of
the program. The public consultation plan (PCP) forms part of the ESMP that will be prepared by OWEB
for projects under the BRWDLP, Part 2 Project.
11.2 Objectives of the Pubic Consultation Plan

This plan provides a framework for achieving effective stakeholders’ involvements and promoting greater
awareness and understanding of issues so that the program is carried out effectively within budget and on-
time to the satisfaction of all concerned parties. The objectives of the public consultations are to: create
awareness and provide information:
• Create awareness on the status of implementation of the identified measures;
• Create sense of concerns, priorities and aspirations of the stakeholders and implementing parties as
they implement the measures;
• To shape the program as it progresses;
• Whenever possible, to recommend and implement specific recommendations and proposals; and,
• On participation of project districts with a forum to interact constructively and make progress
towards solutions and actions; and feedback on information received and steps to follow.
OWEB, who undertakes program implementation, shall establish a platform for coordination among
stakeholders to strengthen and improve efficiency and transparency of execution of the planned project
activities, which is supported by the Constitution and other proclamations of the country.
It is also a plan within the wider BRWDLP implementation, to improve consultation for the most vulnerable
groups and their communities so that they could benefit even more from program’s activities. More
effective use can be made of women’s groups, youth groups, and community conversations targeting
women, traditional leaders and other vulnerable groups. Involving these groups, with meaningful
representation and participation in public forums will be endorsed as part of program implementation.
Generally, public and stakeholders’ consultation anticipates attaining the following:

• Develop and maintain avenues of communication between the program and stakeholders to ensure
that their views and concerns are incorporated into program design and implementation with
objectives of reducing or offsetting negative impacts and enhancing program benefits;
• Inform and discuss nature and scale of adverse impacts and identify and prioritize remedial
measures for impacts in a more transparent and direct manner;

• Include attitudes of program affected community and officials so that their views and proposals are
mainstreamed to formulate mitigation and benefit enhancement measures;
• Create a sense of concerns, priorities and aspirations of stakeholders and implementing parties as
they implement the proposed measures and actions;
• Increase public awareness and understanding of the program and ensure its acceptance; and
• Inform relevant authorities the program impacts, solicit their views on the program and discuss
their share of responsibility for smooth functioning of the overall projects’ activities.
11.3 Public Consultation Checklist and Participation

Public consultations and participations during Part 2 Project implementations shall consider the following.
• Identify and involve all stakeholders, especially people affected, in the consultative and
participative process.
• Develop a participatory strategy for project activities planning, implementation, and M&E.
• List detailed requirements for information campaigns and dissemination and develop procedures
for PAPs to negotiate their entitlements.
• Involve stakeholders in decision-making at all stages of program implementation.
• Establish a timeline to complete activities such as an information campaign, compensation types
and levels, entitlements, and relocation sites and schedules.
• Establish a participatory compensation and resettlement management strategy.
• Use and support Community Based Organizations (CBOs), and be sensitive to issues concerning
community consultation and participation.
• Establish procedures for grievance redress.
Some conflict management strategies during the consultation process:

• outline the mandate and authority for consulting;
• validate objectives and problem definition with participants;
• describe the level and type of participation and consultation process to participants;
• share expectations for the consultation process with participants and encourage participants to share
their expectations;
• determine the potential for a satisfactory resolution of the problem;
• let participants express their points, without telling them what they think, know or feel (e.g., do not
say “I know how you feel”, but rather say “I can see this is something that concerns you”);
• understand how important the issue is for participants, and whether the conflict needs to be resolved
or can be set aside momentarily;
• separate the problem into components and develop solutions for each;
• see if participants should be directed to the proper authority, such as in another government
department or a provincial agency;
• determine whether the department has made a commitment to work with the other authorities on
the issue; and
• Determine whether participants are willing to explore alternative solutions.

11.4 Public Disclosure Plan

A variety of methods of communication should be used to reach majority of stakeholders. The project
should select those that are most appropriate and have clear rationale for their choices. The plan should
include a statement welcoming comment on proposed engagement plan and suggestions for improvement.
For remote stakeholders, it may be necessary to provide newspaper outlet or separate meeting, or additional
documents that should be placed in public domain. The public domain includes:
• Newspapers, posters, radio, television;
• Information centers and exhibitions or other visual displays;
• Brochures, leaflets, posters, nontechnical summary documents and reports;
• Official correspondence, meetings;
• Website, social media.
The strategy should include means to consult with project-affected stakeholders if there are significant
changes to the project resulting in additional risks and impacts. Moreover, the AfDB ISS policy requires
disclosure of relevant information regarding all safeguard reports i.e., ESIA, RAP and ESMP reports to
make available to any affected communities and stakeholders. Therefore, the program safeguards
instruments are required to be approved and disclosed prior to appraisal according to the Bank policies and
normal procedures. The Bank document disclosure will be after the in-country disclosure of the same by
OWEB. The disclosure should be OWEB and if necessary MoWE’s website and other relevant sites where
it can be accessed by the public, including affected groups and NGOs and subsequently at the AfDB external
website.

12. INSTITUTIONAL RESPONSIBILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION

ARRANGEMENT
Different institutions and stakeholders at the National, Regional, District, and Local levels will be
responsible and play roles during the project design and implementation under the Part 2 Project of the
wider BRWDLP. It should, however, be noted that the degree of influence of various actors does vary both
in terms of the spatial and temporal dimensions. The different actors expected to be the major players during
the design and implementation of the project as well as the implementation of this ESMF are the Ministry
of Water and Energy (MoWE), the Federal Environmental Protection Authority (EPA), the Oromia
Regional State Water and Energy Bureau (OWEB), the Oromia Regional State Environmental Protection
Authority (REPA).
At zone and district levels, the respective water and energy offices and Environmental Protection
Authorities will be responsible for the implementation of the Part 2 Project. In addition, the Community
members, Contractor, Supervision Engineer (SE) and other stakeholders like NGOs will have direct and
indirect responsibility for the sound implementation of projects under the Part 2 Project of the program.
12.1 National and Regional Levels

At national level, the Ministry of Water and Energy (MoWE), involves directly or indirectly in the
implementation of the Part 2 Project under the wider BRWDLP as well as this ESMF. Similarly, the Federal
Environmental Protection Authority is also responsible for the implementation of this ESMF and ESMP,
particularly ensuring the program implementation without any impact to the nearby environment and
oversees the program compliance to the national environmental policy and legal framework.
At regional level, the Oromia Regional State Water and Energy Bureau (OWEB), as the Part 2 and the
wider BRWDL program implementer will be the main responsible for the implementation of this ESMF.
As regulatory body and main environmental protection responsible body, the Oromia Environmental
Protection Authority (OEPA) is responsible to protect, manage and control environmental and social
impacts of the Part-2 projects and the wider BRWDLP future undertakings based on roles and
responsibilities given by EPA Proclamation No.295/2002 for each National Regional States and also the
Oromia Region EPA latest EIA guideline and Environmental Audit directive regional Proclamations No.
05/ 2014 (E.C) and Proclamation No. 06/2014 (E.C) respectively for ensuring sound implementation of the
environmental and social risk management measures as well the program compliance to the regional
environmental policy and legal framework.
12.2 Ministry of Water and Energy

The Ministry of Water and Energy (MoWE) is an apex institution at the national level and will have
responsibility to oversee the effective implementation of the Project. In addition, the Environment and
Climate Change Directorate (ECCD) that was established under the MoWE in 2011 to bring environmental
protection and sustainable development, secure public welfare, benefit and participation, and facilitates

development activities within the scope of the program. The Directorate is also responsible to ensure the
enactment of environmental and social safeguards legal frameworks and adequate care has been taken by
the OWEB at all Parts of the Project and the wider program execution. Concerning the Part 2 Project and
the wider BRWDLP, the Ministry is responsible to check and oversee the program activities’ compliance
with the environmental and social safeguards policies of the country, through the ECCD. Major
responsibilities, but are not limited to:
• Establishes and leads steering committee at the federal level pertaining to the wider BRWDLP.
• Provides training and undergoes awareness-raising campaigns through various forms of media and
other means.
• Provides overall technical support/assistance for projects under the proposed program,
• Review and provide comments on the safeguard instruments prepared for the proposed program
• Oversee all the environmental and social activities related to the project, and
• Collects reports from OWEB and closely works with them for the successful implementation of the
program.
12.3 National Environmental Protection Authority

The Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) was established as an autonomous government agency at
the Federal level by Proclamation No. 9/1995 in 1995 and now also re-proclaimed by Proclamation No.
1263/2021 as EPA. The authority is accountable to the prime Minister. Along with EPA, the
Environmental Protection Council was also established then to oversee tasks and activities of EPA as well
as the activities of sectoral environmental agencies and units responsible for environmental management.
The proclamation also stipulated the need for the establishment of environmental organs by regions.
The Authority has the following powers and duties of which the major once are outlined as follows.
• Coordinate activities to ensure that the environmental objectives provided under the Constitution
and the basic principles set out in the Environmental Policy of the Country are realized.
• Establish a system and follow up implementation for undertaking environmental impact assessment
or strategic environmental assessment on social and economic development policies, strategies,
laws, programs, and project set by the government or Private.
• Prepare a mechanism that promotes social, economic, and environmental justice and channel the
major part of the benefit derived thereof to the affected communities to reduce emissions of
greenhouse gases that would otherwise have resulted from deforestation and forest degradation.
• Coordinate actions on soliciting the resources required for building a climate-resilient green
economy in all sectors and at all regional levels; as well as provide capacity building support and
advisory services.
• Establish a system for evaluating and decision making, in accordance with the Environmental
Impact Assessment Proclamation, the impacts of implementation of investment programs and
projects on the environment prior to approvals of their implementation by the concerned sectoral
licensing organ or the concerned regional organ.

• Prepare programs and directives for the synergistic implementation and follow up of environmental
agreements ratified by Ethiopia pertaining to the natural resources base, desertification, forests,
hazardous chemicals, industrial wastes, and anthropogenic environmental hazards with the
objective of avoiding overlaps, wastage of resources, and gaps during their implementation in all
sectors and at all governance levels.
• Take part in the negotiations of international environmental and climate change agreements and, as
appropriate, initiate a process of their ratification; play a key role in coordinating the nationwide
responses to the agreements.
• Coordinate, and as may be appropriate, carry out research and technology transfer activities that
promote the sustainability of the environment and the conservation and use of the forest as well as
the equitable sharing of benefits accruing from them while creating opportunities for green jobs.
• Establish a system for development and utilization of small and large-scale forests including
bamboo in private, communal, and watershed areas, and ensure implementation of same.
• Establish a system to rehabilitate degraded forest lands and ensure its implementation to enhance
their environmental and economic benefits.
12.4 National Wildlife Conservation Authority

Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation Authority (EWCA) is a governmental organization under the Ministry of
culture & tourism given the authority to undertake conservation and sustainable utilization of wildlife in
Ethiopia. It was created in 2008, and manages 13 National Parks, Wildlife Reserves, and Sanctuaries,
measuring over 3.75 million hectares of natural habitat, including 1.8 million hectares of forest and
woodlands. This represents almost 20% of the total remaining natural forest cover in Ethiopia. Much of the
remaining forest is found in Forest Priority Areas and Controlled Hunting Areas, managed by various
regional authorities. In protected areas managed by regional authorities, EWCA retains a regulative
authority in terms of wildlife utilization (e.g.: quota setting, licensing, issuing permits, etc.).
12.5 Regional State Water and Energy Bureau

Oromia Water and Energy Bureau (OWEB) is one of the executing bureaus of Oromia Regional State,
Ethiopia. The Bureau is mandated to manage, develop and control all water, mineral and energy resources
of the region in support of socio-economic development. This governmental body regulates all water
suppliers in the Oromia regional state. In the smaller settlements so called District Water Teams (WWTs)
are responsible for the operation and maintenance of the water infrastructure. In the larger towns more
autonomous Town Water Supply and Sanitation Services Enterprises (TWSSSEs) are responsible. Aside
from its regulatory function OWEB is also often directly involved in technical and financial support of both
the WWTs and the TWSSSEs, thus forming a key implementor in the region
The responsibilities of the OWEB
• Contract consultants for ESIAs of subprojects based on ToR prepared for each subproject and
reviewed by relevant institutions.

• Designate focal staffs (at least 2 in each region and in the two city administrations) that will take
responsibility for environmental screening and generally for environmental management and get
trained accordingly- this staff will ultimately prepare Environmental and Social Screening Forms
and supervise the implementation by contractors of the Environmental Guidelines for Construction
Contractors
• Designate technical supervisor of works, who, in the absence of the environmental focal staff
mentioned above, will supervise the implementation by contractors of the Environmental
Guidelines for Construction Contractors,
• Prepare (see above) environmental screening forms for all sub-programs and submit them to the
Ministry of Water and Energy and to the African Development Bank,
• Supervise the implementation of environmental mitigation measures at construction and operation
phases, including those related to land occupation and compensation
• Supervise the implementation of monitoring measures
• Provide an annual environmental monitoring report to the review of the Ministry of Water and
Energy
The Project Implementation Unit (PIU) to be established under the OWEB, which will be staffed with E&S
risk management specialists, will be directly responsible for the ESMF implementation for projects under
the program and it will be supported as necessary by the existing Environment department of OWEB or
otherwise ECCD of the MoWE. During the course of ESMF implementation, the reporting arrangement for
Environmental and Social Performance will follow the ESMF, which MoWEB -PIU will prepare and
submit regular E and S performance reports for all the projects under the program.
12.6 Regional Environmental Protection Authority

EPA proclamation No.295/2002 states that each National Regional state shall establish an independent
Regional Environmental Agency or designate an existing agency based on the Ethiopian Environmental
Policy and Conservation Strategy to ensure the environmental protection activities and environmental
impact assessment. The national provisions indicate that the Federal EPA devolves responsibilities to the
regional environmental body, especially for projects that fully fall under the jurisdiction of the Regional
Governments.
In the light of this, the Oromia environmental line sector is structured under the Regional Council. The
regional environmental body is entitled to coordinate the formulation, implementation, review, and revision
of regional conservation strategies, as also environmental monitoring, protection, and regulation. The
proclamation also states that regional environmental agencies shall ensure implementation of federal
environmental standards or as may be appropriate, issue and implement their own no less stringent
standards.
As this Part 2 Project influences three districts in Borana Zone; Oromia REPA is responsible for
environmental protection matters in the region together with zonal level line sectors. REPA is responsible
for the review and approval of ESIA of development proposals under the mandate of the Federal State and

follow-up of the implementation of ESIA recommendations of such proposals. Hence, the project proponent
(OWEB) should work in close cooperation with the environmental bodies (At the Region and Zonal level)
to ensure that the adverse environmental and social risks of development proposals are properly identified
and their mitigation or management actions incorporated into the project design under the program or
planning and implementation at the right time.
12.7 Zone and District Environmental Protection Authorities

Similar to the regional environment sector, the Borana Zone Environmental Protection Authority is
structured under the Borana Zone Council and each three project districts Environmental Protection
Authorities are structured under the districts councils. At district levels, the district administration is a major
decision-making government organ. The district administration has the following duties and
responsibilities, among others:
• Implementation of the policies, laws, and directives of the state.
• Coordination of the activities of various offices in the district.
• Maintenance of peace and security in the district, directing the police and security forces.
• Ensure participatory Planning and implementation of projects which allows different stakeholders
and the people of the district to take part from planning to the last evaluation process.
• Supervision of development programs within the district.
• Preparation and approval of the district budget
• Proper use and accounting for the annual budget.
• Administering and protecting the natural resources of the district.
• Ensure good governance by improving public service delivery, and
• Ensuring grassroots participation maintaining upward and downward accountability,
12.8 Contractor
Contractor is responsible to incorporate environmental and social safeguards management measures stated
under the Part-2 Project ESMP. The pertinent information from the ESMP will be included in the project
contract under the environmental and social clauses and the ESMP document will be annexed and part of
the bidding and contract agreement document. The contractor will also require preparing contractor’s
Environmental and Social Management Plan (CESMP) in line with the recommendations of respective
project ESIA and ESMP. The Contractor is accountable for implementation of these instruments (CESMP,
ESMP and ESIA) and is required to establish an EHS unit staffed with qualified environmental and/ or
social safeguards specialists. After preparing the ESMPs it needs to be approved by the Supervision
Engineers and submitted to the Bank of clearance and public disclosure before starting physical activities.
OWEB shall also provide training and undergoes awareness-raising campaigns on safeguards management
for crew members and the staff.
12.9 Supervision Engineer

Supervision Engineer (SE) of the Part 2 Project is responsible for the day-to-day monitoring of the project
of the wider program implementations, including implementation of environmental and social management
during project constructions. By contractual arrangement, the Supervision Engineers will be responsible for

adequate inclusion of implementations of the environmental and social safeguards clauses in the contract
document and the corresponding supervisory responsibility to confirm sound implementation of all sites’
environmental and social management and monitoring recommendations. The SE approves or rejects
proposals and undertakings of the contractor in relation to the requirements of the contract documents.
12.10 District Administration

The district administration has been given some discretionary powers and functions by the regional
government which includes approval of the district’s social service, economic development and
administrative plans and programs, levying and collecting land-use taxes, agricultural income revenues,
and other local taxes, utilizing the district source of revenues, excluding such other revenue allocated and
administered by regions. They are the key focus of the government's commitment to decentralized delivery
of services. At this level, various offices accountable to the administration have been established to perform
and ensure the wellbeing of the socioeconomic, environmental, good governance, and peace and stability
of respective district. Following the district, kebele is the lowest administrative level structure.
Districts generally comprise, sub units called kebeles and is headed by an elected chairman. The main
responsibilities of Kebele administrations include:
• Preparation of an annual Kebele development plan, ensuring collection of land and agricultural
income tax;
• Organizing local labor and in-kind contributions for development activities;
• Resolving conflicts within the community through the social courts, and
• Regarding this specific proposed project where the power line runs through districts and kebeles
will have a great role and interest in the implementation of the project.
The institutional responsibilities of the project areas districts are listed as follows.
• Assist the OWEB-PIU and the water office at the district level in the implementation of the
program.
• Establish a task force/steering committee at the district level.
• Organize the District taskforce/steering committee and chair the meeting related to the
implementation of the programs; and,
• In cases of land expropriation, facilitate the process of valuation and compensation committee
meetings and payment of compensation, and
12.11 Community
Communities of the project areas have the right to be consulted to ensure the overall project acceptability
and sustainable implementation of the Part 2 Project of the program. In general, the community should be
involved at different stages of the Project.
12.12 Authority for Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritage

The Authority will be informed whenever there are significant known or unknown cultural heritage sites in
the project areas for further investigation, recommendation and management, particularly for a chance find

cultural resources. Each project districts culture and Tourism offices involve in protection of cultural
heritage sites in the project areas based on the Authority for Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritage
(ARCCH) and the region rules and regulations.
12.13 Consultants
Consultants have the following roles and responsibilities, but not limited to.
• Supervision and manage all the sites with regard to the administration of the Construction Contracts
including E&S management compliance,
• Review and approve contractor ESMP and other plans,
• Ensure the contractor obtains all the required permits,
• Ensure contractors compliance with the ESIA/ESMP etc. and other laws and regulations,
• Responsible for approvals of the construction materials to be used in the project,
• Responsible for ensuring that, all the proposed construction activities and the associated facilities
are constructed in accordance with the approved designs and contract documents,
• Undertake supervision and monitoring of environmental and social issues and report back to the
Client,
• Clear contractors’ compliance with managing environment and social risks, and
• Provide information to the Client related to HSE performance, and immediately report any
significant environmental incident or worker accident.

13. CAPACITY BUILDING AND TRAINING REQUIRNMENT
13.1 General
Effective implementation of the Environmental and Social Management Framework requires technical
capacity of implementing institutions and there is a need to have people with the right skills and knowledge.
The ESMF success depends on effective capacity building through the training of staff and all other parties
involved in this ESMF, including construction contractor and all subcontractors. Project implementing
bodies need to understand inherent social and environmental issues and values of the proposed Part 2 Project
under the BRWDLP and be able to identify indicators. The suggestions on training and capacity
development requirements under this section are based on observations on similar programs and projects
and consultations, which were conducted as part of the preparation of this ESMF.
All those responsible for management, implementation and operation of any aspect of this ESMF shall be
adequately trained in their role. In addition, before an individual is allowed to work, he/she must be trained
on the program’s E&S needs. During contract, this shall be both assessed and audited regularly, and if
identified corrective measures shall be put into place. It is therefore proposed that a comprehensive
induction and training program is established that prepares the employees for working on the job.
This chapter also sets out training and capacity building that is required to support the implementation of
this ESMF. It states training and capacity development requirement for OWEB, MoWE and other relevant
parties' staff at all levels, who are directly or indirectly engaged in the proposed program implementation.
This capacity development and training plan support implementing institution, OWEB, to develop its
capacity to sufficiently screen, monitor, evaluate, and assess the environmental and social impact of the
Part 2 Project of the wider BRWDLP and any future proposed project under the program.
13.2 Capacity Building

Capacity building is increasing knowledge and skills of individuals and strengthening OWEB
organizational structures and systems that are needed to effectively implement this ESMF. The program
will assess environmental and social capacity and prepare training program to strengthen capacity in
coordinating, planning, implementing and monitoring environmental and social issues. For successful
implementation of this ESMF, the capacity building requirements will mostly be in the form of training
programs and sensitization workshops for staff drawn from OWEB, MoWE and other relevant institutions
at National, Regional, Zonal and district levels.
Lessons learnt from other similar water supply projects of the Oromia Water and Energy Bureau and
preliminary capacity needs assessments undertaken during project preparation and appraisal can suggest
and taken as startup step for significant shortcoming in capacities of Regional Water and Energy Bureau,
Borana Zone Water and Energy and the Part 2 Project of the program district offices water supply officers
to effectively implement the ESMF.

Accordingly, the Borana Resilient Water Development for Improved Livelihoods Program (BRWDILP)
Part 2 Project will: (i) conduct capacity assessment of each district implementing bodies at each level
(district and kebele) to take inventory of existing capacity and identify gaps and (ii) based on the findings
of the assessments tailored capacity building packages that need be provided.
Capacity building and technical assistance for appointed safeguard staffs will be valuable in strengthening
their skills to screen, review and monitor environmental issues in the sub-projects in compliance with
requirements of the Ethiopia’s legislations and the AfDB safeguard policies. The capacity building Program
is also important in relation to development of general environmental management and monitoring
capabilities within the Region.
13.3 Training
In many institutions, staff members have been retained for core activities of their profession whereas little
consideration to directly oversee environmental and social risk management activities has been taken. In
some cases, environment and social safeguards personnel are present but their level of training and technical
capacity on environmental and social safeguards principles and tools is not sufficient. Training and
awareness creation will be undertaken at different levels of project implementation. As stated above, these
levels will entail the national institutions, local authorities, contractors, Consultants, NGOs, community
members, and other grassroots stakeholders. The exercise will be customized according to each level's
needs to ensure adequacy in the implementation of the ESMF and therefore, it is required to indicate detailed
capacity development requirements and recommendations in this ESMF, through customizing several water
and other infrastructure development projects experiences to identify the capacity gap and propose project-
specific training and other capacity development program.
The OWEB-PIU safeguards specialists will require induction training on AfDB and GoE environmental
and social safeguards policies, applicable to the Part 2 Project of the wider BRWDLP, regarding use of
screening and other pertinent checklists, identification of impacts and development and implementation of
relevant safeguards instruments. Annual follow-up training is anticipated. The training will take place in
areas accessible to all participants at national, regional, and/or local levels, as applicable.
Therefore, to ensure proper implementation of environmental and social screening and mitigation measures,
as well as implementation of subprojects in a sustainable manner, OWEB and other relevant respective
project proponents, if applicable will undertake the project environmental and social safeguards
management training and institutional capacity building. The objectives of the training stated under this
ESMF are to:
• Ensure that staff from OWEB, MoWE and other relevant institutions can assist zone and project
districts staffs at local level, contractors and communities to appraise and supervise
implementation of subprojects;
• Representatives and leaders of community members, institutions and associations at local levels
to prioritize their needs to participate in identification of impacts and implementation and
management of the environmental and social risks of the Part 2 Project activities, and

• Support local representatives and relevant committees to have sensitization and awareness
regarding environmental and social aspects indicated in safeguards instruments such as ESIA,
ESMP, ESMF, RPF and RAP and other relevant management strategies implementation plans and
implementations of these instruments that ultimately contribute to ensuring implementation of the
program in an environmentally friendly and socially acceptable manner.
The anticipated capacity building demand of various stakeholders, experts and officials relevant to the
implementation of this ESMF will be managed in terms of technical training, awareness creation and
sensitization for those who will be drawn from the following institutions, but not limited to:
• Environmental and Social Experts of implementing institutions OWEB, Oromia EPA, MoWE and
other pertinent parties;
• Relevant experts and officials from Borana Zone (Water Boards Utility) and project districts Water
and Energy Offices and districts Environmental Protection Authorities;
• Project districts office relevant experts and officials; and
• Representatives from community members, clan leaders, elders, etc.
The first step in pursuing capacity building will be to identify capacity building needs of various
stakeholders. However, in addition to the needs identified, an indicative list of areas of training relevant to
the implementation of this ESMF has been proposed which includes:
• National and AfDB Operational Safeguard as well as implementation and enforcement;
• Project cycle and ESIA/ ESMF (including E&S clauses in the project under the program contracts),
national EIA law, procedures, guidelines and enforcing mechanisms;
• Stakeholder engagement, consultation and partnerships;
• Application of ESMF tools (Screening checklists, ESIA/ESMP), ESIA process, ESIA review,
implementation, assignment of environmental categories and enforcement
• Environmental guidelines applicable to construction contractors,
• Environmental monitoring and evaluation in the context of Borana Resilient Water Development
for Improved Livelihoods Program;
• Mitigation measures and Environmental and Social Management Plans (ESMPs) development,
RAP and other instruments such as Labor laws and working conditions (LLWC); Biodiversity
conservation (BC); Waste Management Plan (WMP) including Medical and Hazardous Waste
Management Plan; Grievance Redress Mechanism; Stakeholder engagement and Public and
Occupational Safety and Health Plan (POHSP), and
• Environmental reporting, monitoring, annual auditing and follow-up of ESMF, etc.
Indicative specific training requirements for respective stakeholders under different categories can be:
1) Technical training (T)-In-depth training to a level that allows trainees to go on to train others,
including technical procedures where relevant;
2) Sensitization (S) in which the trainees become familiar with the issues to a sufficient extent that it
allows them to demand their precise requirements for further technical assistance; and

3) Awareness creation training (A), in which participants acknowledge significance or relevance of

issues, though they do not have in-depth technical knowledge of the issues.
Training for safeguards officers and other relevant staff drawn from OWEB, MoWE and other institutions
and parties, etc. will be required both on general environmental and social safeguards issues, on the specific
screening procedures and on impact identification and mitigating measures described in this ESMF. Initial
as well as on job and annual follow-up training is also anticipated. The training will provide good
opportunity to conduct required monitoring and evaluation of performance of the project.
Table13.1: Indicative training and sensitization requirements

Participants
Topics or Training Need Areas E&S Zonal and Staff from the Elders, clan leaders,
specialists & District level contractors, affected people,
related experts Environmental consultants, Representatives
from OWEB. team and District offices from community
MoWE, etc. officials members
National and AfDB Operational
Safeguard as well as T T S A
implementation and enforcement
Project cycle and ESIA/ ESMF
(including E&S clauses in project
contracts EIA law, procedures, & T T S A
guidelines and enforcing
mechanisms
Applying ESMF and Application
of ESMF tools (Screening
checklists, ESMP, EA), their T T S A
review, implementation, and
enforcement.
ESIA/ESMP Procedure guideline
T T S A
preparation & ESMP implantation
Technical and operational aspects
of the subproject, Road network, T T S A
examination Centre, etc.
Identification of impacts and
development of mitigation A
measures, preparation of
T T S
Environmental and Social
Management Plans, A/RAP; Other
specific instruments, etc.
Stakeholders’ Engagement,
T S S A
consultation, and partnerships.
Environmental reporting,
T T T A
monitoring & follow-up of ESMF
Key: T = detailed training, S = sensitization to the issues, A = raised awareness, NA=not applicable

As a general guideline, training, awareness creation and sensitization of environmental and social experts,
officials from relevant stakeholders (OWEB, MoWE, REPA, etc.) at the national, regional, zonal and
district levels, and community members and affected groups on issues of environmental and social impacts
are required. The sensitization or awareness/training will aim to build capacity, create awareness, and
sensitize on the requirements and key aspects of ESMF for a broad audience comprises of experts and
officials from various implementing institutions listed above. In addition, a more detailed and specific
training module will be developed and delivered to OWEB and other direct implementing parties who are
responsible and involved in the implementation of E&S safeguards and implementation of the proposed
program. The project will develop a training plan based on needs identified that includes regular updates
and refresher modules which will be delivered during ESMF implementation. Table13.2 below indicated
proposed training package.
Table13.2: Training packages

Audience Training Component Duration Potential Trainers
E&S specialists & All training topics are 2-day workshop • Consultant
related experts from listed under Table 13.1 for the first year • REPA
OWEB. MoWE, etc. and 1-day refresher • AfDB safeguard Team
courses annually • Ministry of Labor (Department
of Occupational Health and
Safety), and
• Other relevant institutions.
Zonal and District All training topics listed 1-day workshop • Consultant
level Environmental under table 13-1 except for the first year • OWEB
team and officials sensitization on and 1/2-day • REPA
Stakeholders refresher courses • AfDB safeguard Team if
Engagement, annually requested and applicable.
consultation and
partnerships
Staff from the Attend sensitization for 1-day workshop • OWEB
contractors, all training topics listed for the first year • REPA
consultants, District under table 13-1, and 1/2-day • Consultant
offices refresher courses
annually
Elders, clan leaders, Raised awareness on 1-day awareness • OWEB,
affected people, relevant topics stated creation workshop • District environmental office,
Representatives under table 13-1. as required • Consultant
from community
members

An example of an agenda for a proposed one (1) day training on ESMF implementation and integration of
environment and social management concerns into development planning, which is further amended before
implementation of the training & during preparation of the training plan is provided in Table13-3.
Table13.3: Sample training agenda for one day workshop

Session Content
Introduction to This session will introduce participants to the theory and application of ESMF
Environmental and as a decision-making tool. It will outline principles of ESMF and provide clear
Social Management definitions on ESMP practice terminology (e.g. classification of impacts,
Plans natural resource base (water, soil, land, biodiversity, air, etc., mitigation and
monitoring) and social baseline (employment, social, health, etc.).
AfDB Operational This section will discuss relevant principal AfDB Operational Safeguard and
Safeguard and national their applications to subprojects under discussion. In addition, applicable GoE
legislation legislation will be discussed in terms of relevant environmental and social laws
and policies which apply to activities under the program.
Screening of Part 2 List of potential activities to be financed under the projects will be discussed.
Project. The application of the screening checklist will be explained using case studies.
Impact identification Potential impacts related to various types of activities will be discussed, in terms
of their significance (adverse or minimal, positive or negative), magnitude (long
term versus short term), and impact category (localized or cumulative).
The training will be conducted by OWEB, REPA, Consultant, district environmental offices, Ministry
responsible for Gender, Ministry of Labor (Department of Occupational Health and Safety), etc. The
training activities in Environmental and Social Impact Assessment including environmental project
screening and implementation of ESMF can be conducted by OWEB, REPA, other program proponents, or
Consultants. This will be done before implementation of the project, to apply knowledge/skills during
implementations of the projects. Skills in the screening process will be very useful for assessing
environmental implications of the Project activities at the outset.
Budget requirement is estimated as presented in Table 13.4 that shall be updated by OWEB project
implementing unit (PIU) and relevant experts of the bureau. Contingency is included to cater for training
of new staff from OWEB and other E&S for various relevant water and environment offices at region, zone
and project districts as required on occasions where the first appointed team member has resigned and for
re-training of non-performers.
Table13.4: Estimated Budget for training activities

Training activity Duration Cost/participant/day* No. of Estimated Total
[days] [USD] participants Cost [USD]
Safeguards Specialists and other related experts at OWEB, MoWE etc.
National training course 2 100 10 2,150
Annual follow up training for year two 1 100 each 10 each 2,150

Training activity Duration Cost/participant/day* No. of Estimated Total

[days] [USD] participants Cost [USD]
Regional and District Water teams
Initial training 1 50 50 2,700
Annual follow up training 1/2 50 50 2,700
Line and sector Ministries and community representatives from implementing Districts
Initial training/Workshop 1/2 50 100 (2 round) 5,330
Trainers
National and Regional level trainings 2 100 3 640
Lump sum cost for District and Kebele 2,150
level trainings
Training facilities
**Lump sum stationery, banner, hall 7,500
rent, entertainment, facilitator and others
Total 25,320
Contingency 10% 2,532
Grand Total (USD) 27,852
* Inclusive of participants' transport and per Diems and, if applicable, trainers' (regional water experts and
in the case of initial training of District water team members transport and per Diems.
** The lump sum cost which will be described later during preparation of training proposals should also
include costs of stationery materials, handouts, refreshments, and if there are costs for facilitators.
At the national level, the training activities in Environmental and Social Impact Assessment including
environmental project screening and implementation of ESMF can be conducted by Federal Environmental
Protection Authority (EPA) or private consultant/s under supervision of OWEB with the support of the
MoWE. This will have to be done before implementation of the project so as to apply the knowledge/skills
during implementation of the projects. Skills in screening process will be very useful for assessing the
environmental implications of the Project activities at the outset.
13.4 Technical Assistance

As suggested in the institutional responsibility, Chapter 12, it is proposed that OWEB will have one
environmental specialist and one social safeguards specialist for the wider BRWDLP who will ensure fully
implementation of ESMF and have the responsibility to address implementation and supervision of E&S
mitigation measures under the ESMF, as well as development of required E&S safeguards instruments, as
required. The preliminary draft Terms of Reference for the E&S safeguards specialists are outlined below.
Draft Preliminary Terms of Reference for Environmental and Social Specialists

OBJECTIVE: To provide technical advice on environmental and social management and mitigation and
ensure that the BRWDLP in general and Part 2 Project in a specific ESMF is fully implemented.

Tasks: Major tasks of the E&S safeguards specialists will be, but not limited to:
• Coordinate and support the system of E&S screening, review and approval process set out in this
ESMF and oversee its smooth implementation including advice to partner and beneficiary
institutions on the procurement of consultants for any required ESIA studies and other E&S
safeguards instruments;
• Liaise with the Federal and Regional environmental protection offices (EPA and REPA) on regular
basis to support implementations of this updated ESMF;
• Ensure ESIAs/ESMPs are carried out, as required, to meet the National and AfDB requirements;
• Develop training plan and lead delivery of capacity building programs on project environmental
and social risk and impacts management for lead and partner implementing institutions as well as
beneficiary and other stakeholders;
• Provide technical advice and support to beneficiary institutions on all technical issues related to
natural resources and environmental and social risk management. These issues will relate to
impacts on surface water, groundwater, biodiversity, natural habitats, soil, vegetation, human safety
and health, ecology and protected areas, land and soil degradation;
• Organize training workshops to raise awareness among officials of project implementation parties
and stakeholder institutions, technical and management officers;
• Liaise with the project beneficiary and stakeholder institutions to ensure the project’s compliance
with the ESMF, RAP, ESMP and all resettlement aspects of the project;
• Liaise with the project beneficiary and stakeholder institutions to ensure gender mainstreaming,
GBV action plan implementation, GRM and Stakeholder Engagement Plan (SEP), WMP, etc.;
• Provide specific technical advice on mitigation measures for subprojects as necessary;
• Spearhead/coordinate commissioning of an independent consulting firm to carry out an
environmental and social safeguards implementation performance audit of the projects under the
Part 2 of the wider BRWDLP on an annual basis;
• Undertake review of ESIA/ESMP/RAP to ensure compliance with ESMF and national and AfDB
environmental policies and in collaboration with the appropriate bodies initiate and carry out
periodic environmental and social monitoring and inspection on selected subprojects, and
• Compile and submit quarterly, biannual and annual E&S performance reports of the Part 2 project
under BRWDLP to the OWEB, MoWE, REPA, EPA, as appropriate.
Consultant Qualifications
Selected Consultant at least should meet the following minimum requirements.
• At least Master’s degree in environmental and social management disciplines. Such as
Environmental Sciences, Environmental Planning and Management, Development/Social Study,
Project Planning and Management or related environmental and social discipline from a reputable
University with about at least 8 years work experience.
• Must registered be registered a senior or lead Expert with Environmental Protection Authority and
must possess a valid and Practicing License in senior level.
• A minimum of five (5) years of relevant professional experience in environment and social
auditing. Experience in the broad areas of environmental and social assessment and in environment
management and monitoring, is an advantage.

• Have good knowledge of environment and social safeguard policies and land management
regulations, ESIAs, ESMPs, RAP of projects. Understands AfDBs and ADF best practices and/or
guidelines and procedures on environmental and social safeguards, social assessment, social
analysis, effective stakeholder participation and complaint resolution systems and regulations and
legal frameworks governing environmental and social management.
• Experience in auditing implementation of ESIAs, ESMPs, RAP of projects.
• Experience of designing and implementing M&E plans and activities (both qualitative and
quantitative) and generating projects monitoring and evaluation reports.
• Experience of assessing and developing approaches to manage risks and their impacts.
• Strong numerical and analytical skills and strong research techniques and skills.
• Computer literacy in standard software such as Microsoft Office (Word, Excel, Access,
PowerPoint, Outlook, etc.) and statistical package (SPSS, STATA).
• Resilience, flexibility and professional integrity, including ability to maintain constructive
approach to work and interpersonal dealings particularly during times of pressure and on sensitive
issues.
• Excellent oral and written communication skills in English language to deliver presentations and
reports.
• Ability to work and deliver results in an environment with multiple and challenging tasks.
• High level of integrity, confidentiality in handling public resources, highly motivated, innovative
and a committed team player.
• Good understanding of structure and organization of environmental protection agencies and other
environmental regulatory bodies in project areas and villages.
• Ability of creative and innovative techniques for planning and auditing environmental and social
management policies.
• Experience in project host country would be an added advantage, and
• Duration of preparing Environmental and Compliance report shall be determined or possible shall
not exceed 60 working days. .

14. ESMF IMPLEMENTATION INDICATIVE SCHEDULE
This section of the ESMF describes processes for ensuring that environmental and social concerns are
adequately addressed through institutional arrangements and procedures used by the program for the
identification, preparation, approval and implementation of projects. This section sets out schedules for
ESMF implementation adherence to the program implementation period.
To comply with various technical and performance standards, the proposed Part 2 project activities to be
supported under BRWDLP shall comply with this Environmental and Social Management Framework. The
implementation, monitoring and reporting arrangements for the ESMF have been worked out within the
overall institutional structure for the implementation of the proposed part of the program. The indicative
implementation schedule for the ESMF, which will be further amended before project implementation is
outlined in Table14.1 and takes into account all activities related to the proposed measures (enhancement
and mitigation), the monitoring program, consultations and institutional arrangements.

Table14.1: Implementation schedule for ESMF

2023-2024 2024-2025 2025-2026 2026-2027 2027-2028 REPORTING DEADLINES
No. PROJECT ACTIVITIES Quarter Quarter Quarter Quarter Quarter AND OUTCOMES
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
1 Recruitment of safeguards • Immediate after contract signing staff are recruited and
specialists by OWEB before the commencement of program activities
2 Various Capacity • ESMF before project approval and/or after finalizing
Development Programs, as screening of projects.
stated in this ESMF • Annually at every year of 4th quarter
3 Development of Site- • Developed ESMP and site management plans
specific ESMPs/MSIPs • Report immediate after the plans completed and before
the civil work started or otherwise, when the need arise
during the project implementation period
• Quarterly Report for The Implementation Of ESMP
4 Development of Site- • Work plans
Specific Work plans • Before the commencement of civil works
5 Technical Assistance • Annually
• Not later than 15 days after completion of the technical
assistance performed, including training
6 ESMF implementation, • Day to day activities
monitoring and • A detail monthly and Quarterly progress report shall be
supervision submitted at Every month and Quarter, respectively
within the first 10 days of the next reporting period
7 Annual Audit/ reviews of • Annually by the end of 4th quarter
ESMF • Not later than 15 days of after Audit completion
8 End-of-Program • Annually at the end of 5th year of 4th quarter
evaluation • Within one month after end of project evaluation
completed

15. INDICATIVE BUDGET REQUIREMENT FOR ESMF IMPLEMENTATION
The summary of the estimated budget requirement for the implementation of this ESMF is provided in
Table15.1 below. The environmental and social management cost is not included in the ESMF budget, as
it will be covered directly or indirectly by the respective subproject budget, i.e., through allocation for
project’s administrative and logistical expenses or through inclusions of cost for E&S management and
mitigating measures in the subproject contracts documents.
Based on the nature of the proposed project sites of the program, significance and scale of anticipated
impacts to be identified during screening of each project, site-specific ESMPs (MSIPs) will be prepared.
This ESMP will use information and template stated under the environmental and social impacts,
management and monitoring sections of this ESMF. Recruitment of environmental and social specialists or
consideration of other alternative means is required to develop site-specific Environmental and Social
Management Plans (ESMPs) for all Part 2 Projects under the program. An independent consultant is also
required for a period of at least one month to undertake an annual environmental and social audit that will
be mainstreamed within the scope of the Program’s Annual Audit.
Budgets for capacity building, training as well as Recruitment of safeguards specialists, annual audit and
end of project evaluation and others with 10% contingency is estimated at 244,847 USD or Birr
13,532,693.69 (based on exchange rate of 1 USD=55.27) as detailed in Table15.1 below.
Table15.1: Indicative estimated ESMF budget summary

Activity Description Total cost [USD]
Capacity development As per table 13.4 27,852
ESMF management and Lump sum for five years quarterly monitoring (as 56,096
Monitoring per Table 8.1 and Table 9.1 of chapter 8 and 9)
Annual Audit /reviews of Based on four annual reviews (the last annual 42,640
ESMF review is replaced by the end-of-program
evaluation, based on chapter 9).
GRM implementation Lump sum for five years 21,300
Recruitment safeguard staffs Lump sum for two safeguards specialists for five 53,300
years
End-of-Program evaluation An evaluation of the impact of the ESMF and the 21,400
projects (as per chapter10)
Total 222,588
Contingence (10%) 22,259
Grand Total 244,847
The budget is estimate actual budget will be determined during implementation phase when specific number
of people required for training will be identified and level of technical assistance required known.

16. FEEDBACK AND GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM
Grievance redressing mechanism (GRM) is designed in view of the fact that Part 2 Project of the wider
BRWDLP program activities may upset the existing balance in society. The resettlement operation will
touch upon property issues, means of livelihood and organization of social and spatial aspects that influence
proximity to a set of environmental, economic, social and spiritual assets. Therefore, grievance redressing
system has been designed in such a way that it functions in a flexible manner and the implementing agency
has to incline to a pro-poor approach in all its decisions. The GRM will have a working place and adequate
budget for implementation.
Grievances will be actively managed and tracked to ensure that appropriate resolution and actions are taken.
A clear time schedule will be defined for resolving grievances, ensuring that they are addressed in an
appropriate and timely manner, with corrective actions being implemented if appropriate and the
complainant being informed of the outcome.
The purpose of the Grievance redressing mechanism is to establish a way for individuals, groups, or
communities affected by the program activities to contact responsible body if having an enquiry, a concern,
or a formal complaint. Grievance handling mechanism should address affected persons’ concerns and
complaints promptly, using an understandable and transparent process that is gender responsive, culturally
appropriate, and readily accessible to all segments of the affected persons.
Grievances may arise from members of communities who are dissatisfied with (i) the eligibility criteria,
(ii) community planning and resettlement measures, (iii) actual implementation, (iv) issues related to
environmental and social concerns and (v) GBV related aspects. This chapter sets out measures to be used
to manage grievances.
Grievance procedure does not replace existing legal processes. Based on consensus, the procedures will
seek to resolve issues quickly to expedite the receipt of entitlements, without resorting to expensive and
time-consuming legal actions. If the grievance procedure fails to provide a result, complainants can still
seek legal redress procedure.
Local Grievance Redress Committee (GRC) will be established, consisting of representatives from OWEB,
Municipality /Zonal /District/ Kebele Administration, District Justice Office, elders or influential
personalities other than displaced persons and Church/Mosque Administration. The Committee will be
headed by City/District/Zonal Administrator. Grievances should be settled amicably whenever possible.
That is, positive discussions are made to convince Project Affected Person/s (PAP) in the presence of the
GRC. However, if the resolution of a case requires additional payment or any form of relocation of
resources, the report shall be sent to appropriate administrative executive for consideration. If the
administrator agrees to the recommendation, he/she shall instruct the resettlement Unit to implement the
amended provision. On the other hand, if the GRC recommendation is such that it upsets legal frameworks,
the aggrieved party may be advised to pursue the case in a normal law court.

Based on Proclamation No.455/2005, Article11, subarticle1: “In rural areas and in urban centers where
an administrative organ to hear grievances related to urban land holding is not yet established, a complaint
relating to the amount of compensation shall be submitted to regular court having jurisdiction.”
In urban areas, a PAP who is dissatisfied with the amount of compensation may complain to an
administrative organ and if the PAP is still not satisfied, may appeal to regular appellate court or municipal
appellate court within thirty days from the date of the decision.
The grievance redressing procedure is developed to meet AfDB and Ethiopian government legal
requirements relating to grievance resolution and international requirements.
A set of forms which will be used for recording grievances and actions taken are prepared for the proposed
program as listed below (shall be translated in local language).
a) Grievance Statement Form,
b) Grievance Receipt Acknowledgement Form,
c) Grievance Investigation Form, and
d) Grievance Investigation Outcome Form.
The grievance mechanism applies to all complaints related to Borana Resilient Water Development for
Improved Livelihood Program (BRWDLP) in general and Part 2 Project activities and is comprised of
the following steps.
Outline of BRWDLP Grievance Redress Mechanism Steps

• Step 1 – Receive and Record Compliant (using the Grievance Receipt Standard Form).
• Step 2 – Review Complaint and Allocate Actions (Complaints are screened, and actions then be
allocated to investigate and resolve grievance or refer matter to next level).
• Step 3 – Notify Complainant of Proposed Resolution (notify the complainant that the complaint
has been received (this must happen within 7 days), how it is being dealt with, by whom and an
approximate estimate of how long the process might take.
• Step 4 – Take Action and Update Complainant (undertake the proposed actions for resolution and
update complainant when it is complete).
• Step 5 – Close out & Lessons Learnt (occurs when both parties are happy with proposed solution).
• Step 6 – Update Project Grievance Records (ongoing) (using standard forms, grievances will be
maintained and stored including for information for any outstanding actions), and
• Step 7 – Reporting (to concerned/ defined parties.

17. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
17.1 Conclusions
Borana Resilient Water Development for Improved Livelihoods Program in general and the Part 2 Project
Water Supply Project is expected to bring considerable benefits to communities within the three project
districts capital towns, areas as well as adjoining settlements and the district communities in general.
Anticipated benefits include increased access to safe water supply, improvement in public health status and
sanitation conditions, time and energy savings particularly for women and children, among others.
This updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) is meant to ensure that the
implementation of the Program will be carried out in an environmentally and socially sustainable manner.
The ESMF provides the project implementers with an environmental and social screening process that will
enable them to identify, assess and mitigate potential environmental and social impacts of sub-project
activities of the Part 2 Project, including preparation of site-specific Environmental and Social Impact
Assessments (ESIA) and Environmental and Social Management Plans (ESMP) where applicable, in
accordance with Ethiopia’s proclamations and policies, as well as AfDB safeguard policies particularly
Environmental Assessment (OS1).
The ESMF recognizes existing gaps and weaknesses for implementing the ESMF under this Part 2 of the
project and realizes importance of strengthening capacity of key implementing institutions and capacitating
stakeholders that provide an enabling environment to address environmental and social issues by project
implementing body, OWEB, Oromia Regional EPA and line sectors down to districts and kebele levels in
implementing the ESMF.
Consequently, in view of the long-term socio-economic benefits that can be gained, there are no significant
environmental and social justifications for not proceeding with the Part 2 Project of the Program. Potential
benefits from the sub-projects of the Program far outweigh negative impacts and inconveniencies that
accompany project implementations in as much as the recommended mitigation measures and mechanisms
are duly considered and implemented using the guiding ESMF Report.
17.2 Recommendation
Based on findings of the stakeholders and community representatives’ consultative meetings on issues of
the Borana Resilient Water Development for Improved Livelihoods Program (BRWDILP), as the Borana
water supply network project issue has been presented for the zone and district sectors officials and experts
and also for grass root communities since the last 20 years, they now considered as no hope for the project
implementations. Therefore, it is recommended that the project plan shall continue with awareness creation
side by side to its planned activities implementations without creating gaps.

ANNEXES
Annex-1: List of subprojects that are not eligible for funding
Projects under BRWDP that are not eligible for funding
Block the access to water points etc. used by others
Cause encroachment to, and adversely affect, important natural habitats (e.g., wildlife reserves;
parks or sanctuaries; protected areas; natural habitat areas, forests and forest reserves, wetlands,
national parks or game reserves; any other ecologically/environmentally sensitive areas)
Impact on physical cultural resources (archaeological sites; religious monuments or structures;
natural sites with cultural values; cemeteries; graveyards; graves; and other sites of significance)
Located in protected areas and ecologically sensitive sites
Would not disadvantage or give advantage to community members.
Contravene international and regional conventions on environmental and social issues
Cause large-scale physical disturbance of the site or the surroundings

Annex-2: Environmental and Social Screening Form
Introduction
This Environmental and Social Screening Form (ESSF) has been designed to assist in the evaluation of
construction and refurbishment/rehabilitation activities under BRWDLP. The form will assist the project
implementers and reviewers to identify environmental and social impacts and their mitigation measures if
any. It will also assist in the determination of requirements for further environmental work (such as
environmental and social management plans) if necessary.
The form helps to determine the characteristics of the prevailing local bio-physical and social environment
with the aim of assessing the potential impacts of the construction and rehabilitation activities on the
environment by the sub-project. The ESSF will also assist in identifying potential socio-economic impacts
that will require mitigation measures and/or resettlement and compensation.
Annex 2.1: Project information for screening potential safeguards impacts (Form 1)
I: Basic Data:
Project Name: District/City:

Project Location: Nature/Size:
Type and Name of civil work activity: (e.g. new construction, rehabilitation, periodic
maintenance):
Proposed date for Commence of Work:
OWEB/relevant institution representative
Name & Signature of Evaluator: Date of Field Evaluation:
1…………………………………….. ………………………….
2. …………………………………… ………………………….
II: Site Description
Site Features Description
Physical description of the site (Easting,

Northing, Alt, etc.
Proximity to existing water points, wells and

other water resources

Presence and type of vegetation
Description of current land use
Name of owner or user of the land/project site
Completeness of project Application: Does the project application document contain, as appropriate,
the following information?
Appraisal Risk / Significance rating
Substantial
No Issues to be considered under AfDB OSs
Moderate
unknown
Yes/No
None
High
Low
1 Environmental Screening
Will the project generate the following

impacts?
1.1 Loss of trees
1.2 Soil erosion/siltation in the area
1.3 Pollution to land-diesel, oils
1.4 Dust emissions
1.5 Solid and liquid wastes
1.5 Borrow pits and pools of stagnant water
1.6 Rubble/heaps of excavated soils
1.7 Demolishing waste from buildings
1.8 Long term depletion of water
1.9 Nuisance from noise or smell
1.11 Incidence of flooding
1.12 Cross through, located within or nearby

environmentally sensitive areas (e.g.
national parks, intact natural forests,

Substantial
Moderate
unknown
Yes/No
None
High
Low
wetlands, etc.)?
1.13 Cause poor water drainage and increase the

risk of water-related diseases such as
malaria or bilharzias?
(i)1.14 Will certain ES risks and adverse impacts

be difficult to avoid, or minimize, or
mitigate because the project involves a
technology that is new and/or complex, and
the risks and/or impacts of this technology
are not fully understood, and/or (ii) the
project involves (a) complex mitigation
measure(s) that its implementation success
is not fully assured?
1.15 Does the scale of the project have the
potential to cause diverse and multiple ES
risks and impacts extended over a large
area? This applies to both direct and
indirect risks and impacts.
Does the project have associated facilities

1.16
that could lead to wide-ranging ES risks
and impacts? Does the project design take
into consideration such associated
facilities?
2 Labor and Working Conditions and
Community safety
2.1 Risk of exposing the workers to extremely

hazardous working conditions including
concerns of structural safety.
2.2 Will the development of the project have
the potential for immigration of workers
and persons seeking employment (e.g.
seasonal, transient)?
Is there potential for employment of

Substantial
Moderate
unknown
Yes/No
None
High
Low
community workers?
2.3 Is there any institutional impediment to

fair treatment, non-discrimination and/or
equal opportunity?
2.4 Is there risk or potential for the

employment of child labor and/or forced
labor?
2.5 Could the project expose communities to

emergency events or hazards that involve
health or safety risks and impacts?
2.6 Are project activities, civil works or

buildings located in areas prone to natural
disasters or extreme weather events?
2.7 Will the project result in potential traffic

and road safety risks to workers,
communities and road users throughout the
project life cycle?
2.8 Does the project involve a potential for

community exposure to water-borne, water-
based, water-related and vector-borne
diseases, and communicable and non-
communicable diseases?
2.9 Risk of workers to extreme exposure for

GBV
2.10 Spread of HIV/AIDS and other STI
3 Resettlement Screening
Will the project generate the following

negative social and economic impacts?
3.1 Loss of land to households

Substantial
Moderate
unknown
Yes/No
None
High
Low
3.2 Loss of properties –houses, structures
3.3 Loss of trees, fruit trees by households
3.4 Loss of crops by people

3.5 Loss of access to river/forests/grazing area
3.6 Conflicts overuse of local water resources
3.7 Disruption of important pathways,
footpaths/roads
3.8 Loss of communal facilities –churches
3.9 Loss of livelihood system
4 Gender, Vulnerable and disadvantaged
group screening
4.1 Does the project present risks to and
impacts on
individuals or groups who, because of their
circumstances, may be disadvantaged or
vulnerable due to their:
• Age, gender, ethnicity, or race
• Religion and belief systems
• Socio-cultural grouping or nationality
• Sexual orientation and identity
• Climate change and seasonal factors
4.2 Is the project likely to affect disadvantaged
or vulnerable individuals or groups who
would require specialized approaches to
participation or consultation for the
project?
4.3 Is the project likely to face any barriers to
information disclosure, transparent sharing
of project information among stakeholders,
or other aspects that could affect
meaningful consultations?
4.4 Is there a potential for prejudice or
discrimination in accessing project benefits

Substantial
Moderate
unknown
Yes/No
None
High
Low
for those who may be disadvantaged or
vulnerable?
5 Cultural Heritage Screening
5.1 Impact heritage site, graveyard land
5.2 Will the project activities involve
excavations,
demolitions, earth movements, flooding or
changes to physical environment that could
affect cultural heritage values?
5.3 Are project activities likely to affect
tangible and/or intangible cultural heritage
(e.g., archaeological sites that comprise any
combination of structural remains, artifacts,
human or ecological elements, and may be
located entirely beneath, partially above, or
entirely above the land or water surface)?
5.4 Are project activities located in legally
recognized and/or legally protected areas or
defined buffer zones designated for the
protection of cultural heritage?
5.5 Will the project activities affect cultural
heritage in non-designated or legally
recognized areas or protection zones?
5.6 Will the project affect cultural heritage
assets that are movable (i.e., rare books,
manuscripts, paintings, etc.) that could be
endangered by the project?
Categorization & Recommendations:
After compiling the above, if the project under BRWDLP falls under “High, Substantial, Moderate or low”
risk, proceed to determine the environment category of the project based on the environmental categories
of AfDB ISS (Category 1, Category 2, Category 3, Category 4) and (Schedule I, II or III) based on the
National and Regional EIA procedural guideline issued by the EPA and REPA.
a. AfDB OSs Categorization

If the Bank operations are likely to cause significant environmental and social impacts –
Category 1 Category 1 projects are likely to induce significant and/or irreversible adverse
environmental and/or social impacts or to significantly affect environmental or social

components that the Bank or the borrowing country considers sensitive. Some programme-
based operations or other regional and sector programme loans that have significant
adverse environmental or social risks and are deemed to be Category 1. In some cases,
projects are included in Category 1 because of their potential cumulative impacts or the
potential impacts of associated facilities. Any project requiring a Full Resettlement Action
Plan (FRAP) under the provisions of the Bank’s policy on involuntary resettlement is also
deemed to be Category 1.
If the Bank operations likely to cause less adverse environmental and social impacts than
Category 1 – Category 2 projects are likely to have detrimental site-specific environmental
and/or social impacts that are less adverse than those of Category 1 projects. Likely
impacts are few in number, site-specific, largely reversible, and readily minimised by
applying appropriate management and mitigation measures or incorporating
internationally recognized design criteria and standards. An operation that involves
Category 2
resettlement activity for which an Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan (ARAP) is
required under the ESAPs is classified as Category 2. Most programme-based operations
and regional or sector programme loans designed to finance a set of subprojects approved
and implemented by the borrower or client are included in this category unless the nature,
scale or sensitivity of the intended pipeline of subprojects involves either a high level of
environmental and social risk or no such risk
If the Bank operations with negligible adverse environmental and social risks – Category
3 projects do not directly or indirectly affect the environment adversely and are unlikely
to induce adverse social impacts. They do not require an environmental and social
Category 3 assessment. Beyond categorisation, no action is required. Nonetheless, to design a
Category 3 project properly, it may be necessary to carry out gender analyses, institutional
analyses, or other studies on specific, critical social considerations to anticipate and
manage unintended impacts on the affected communities
If the Bank operations involving lending to financial intermediaries. Financial

intermediaries also include private or public sector companies that receive corporate loans
or loans for investment plans from the Bank that are used to finance a set of subprojects.
Financial intermediary subprojects equivalent to Category 1 and Category 2 are subject to
the relevant OS requirements, as if they were directly financed Category 1 or Category 2
projects. However, if a client will use a Bank corporate loan to finance high-risk
investment projects known at the time of loan approval, the loan can be considered
Category 4
Category 1. Financial intermediary operations are further classified3 as FI-A, FI-B, and
FI-C to reflect the potential environmental and social impacts and risks of the financial
intermediary’s existing or proposed portfolio of subprojects, based on the nature, type,
scale and sector exposure. Subcategory FI-A: the financial intermediary’s portfolio is
considered high risk, and it may include subprojects that have potential significant adverse
environmental, climate change, or social impacts and that are equivalent to Category 1
projects.

• Subcategory FI-B: the financial intermediary’s portfolio is deemed to be medium risk,

and may include subprojects that have potential limited adverse environmental, climate
change, or social impacts and that are equivalent to Category 2 projects.
• Subcategory FI-C: the financial intermediary’s portfolio is considered low risk and
includes subprojects that have minimal or no adverse environmental or social impacts and
that are equivalent to Category 3 projects.
*Place tick in applicable box
b. National EIA Procedural Guideline (2003) Categorization
BRWDLP project highly unlikely to fall under “Schedule-I” Category. In the

Schedule I unlikely event that subproject falls under “Schedule-I” the subproject is to be fed
into the standard ESIA process determined by the Federal or Regional EPA
BRWDLP project will require a partial/preliminary ESIA, and will necessitate

Schedule II
the preparation of a Preliminary ESIA / ESMP.
BRWDLP project is not subject to environmental assessment as no potential

Schedule III
impacts are anticipated.
*Place tick in applicable box
Summary of assessment (based on field visit):

______________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
Environmental Category (1, 2 or 3) of the project activity/ project (with justification):
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
Recommendation
The Project can be considered for approval. The application is complete, all significant
environmental and social issues are resolved, and no further Project planning is required:
Approved without condition (Project activity is not of environmental and social concern and
approved)
Safeguards instrument(s) required: Partial ESIA, ESMP or others (please specify)
ESMP required:
Rejected; reasons for rejection:
Others (specify):

A field appraisal is required.
CERTIFICATION
I/We certify that I/we have thoroughly examined all the potential adverse effects of this Project. To the
best of our knowledge, the Projects plan as described in the application and associated planning reports
(e.g. ESMP, RAP/ARAP/WMP/SMP,), if any, will be adequate to avoid or minimize all adverse
environmental and social impacts.
A Field Appraisal report will be completed and added to the Project file.
Name of desk appraisal officer (print): …………………………………………………………...
Signature: …………………………Date: ………………………………
OWEB/MoWE/Regional Environmental offices representative
Name: ………………………...
Position: …………………………………………………
(signature): ……………………………………………………
Date: …………………………………………………
Desk Appraisal by Review Authority: …………………………………………….
Note: A field appraisal must be carried out if the Project:

• Needs to acquire land, or an individual or community’s access to land or available resources is
restricted or lost, or any individual or family is displaced.
• May restrict the use of resources in a park or protected area by people living inside or outside of it.
• May affect a protected area or a critical natural habitat.
• May encroach onto an important natural habitat, or have an impact on ecologically sensitive
ecosystems (e.g., rivers, streams, wetlands)
• May adversely affect or benefit an underserved and vulnerable people.
• Involves or introduces the use of pesticides.
• Involves, or results in: a) diversion or use of surface waters; b) construction or rehabilitation of
latrines, septic or sewage systems; c) production of waste (e.g., slaughterhouse waste, medical
waste); d) new or rebuilt irrigation or drainage systems; or e) weirs, reservoirs or water points.

• Any others to be clarified/checked at the project site (please mention them):

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Annex-3: Suggested Environmental and Social Field Appraisal Form for a Subproject
NAME OF THE PROJECT: ______________________________________________

NAME OF SUBPROJECT: ____________________ Application Number: _____________
PART 1: IDENTIFICATION
1. Subproject Name: (……………….)
2. Subproject Location: (…………………)
3. Reason for Field Appraisal:
4. Date(s) of Field Appraisal:
5. Field Appraisal Officer and Address:
6. Extension Team Representative and Address:
7. Community Representative and Address:
PART 2: DESCRIPTION OF THE SUBPROJECT
8. Project Details: ___________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
PART 3: ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ISSUES
9. Will the Subproject: Yes No
• Need to acquire land?
• Affect an individual or the community's access to land or available resources?
• Displace or result in the involuntary resettlement of an individual or family?
If "Yes", tick one of the following boxes:
 The Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) included in the Project application is adequate. No further
action required.
 The RAP included in the Project application must be improved before the application can be
considered further.
 An RAP must be prepared and approved before the application can be considered further.

10. Will the subproject: Yes No

• Encroach onto an important natural habitat?
• Negatively affect ecologically sensitive ecosystems?

 The Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) included in the Project application is
adequate. No further action required.
 The ESMP included in the Project application must be improved before the application can be
considered further.
 An ESMP must be prepared and approved before the application can be considered further.
11. Will this subproject involve or result in: Yes No
• Diversion or use of surface waters?

• Production of waste?
• New or rebuilt irrigation or drainage systems?
 The application describes suitable measures for managing the potential adverse environmental
effects of these activities. No further action required.
 The application does not describe suitable measures for managing the potential adverse
environmental effects of these activities. An ESMP must be prepared and approved before the
application is considered further.
12. Will this subproject rely on water supplied from an existing reservoirs or weir?
Yes No
 The application demonstrates that a dam safety report has been prepared, the dam is safe, and no
remedial work is required. No further action is required.
 The application does not demonstrate that a dam safety report has been prepared, the dam is safe, and
no remedial work is required. A dam safety report must be prepared and approved before the application
is considered further.
15. Are there any other environmental or social issues that have not been adequately addressed?
Yes No
If "Yes", summarize them:
.........................................................................................................................................................
And tick one of the following boxes:

 Before it is considered further, the application needs to be amended to include suitable measures for
addressing these environmental or social issues.
 An ESMP needs to be prepared and approved before the application is considered further.
PART 4: FIELD APPRAISAL DECISION

 The Subproject can be considered for approval. Based on a site visit and consultations with both
interested and affected parties, the field appraisal determined that the community and its proposed
project adequately address environmental and/or social issues as required by the ESMF.
 Further Project preparation work is required before the application can be considered
further. The field appraisal has identified environmental and/or social issues that have not been
adequately addressed. The following work needs to be undertaken before further consideration of
the application:
All required documentation such as an amended application, ESMP, RAP//WMP/SMP, etc. will be added
to the Subprojects file before the Subprojects is considered further.
Name of field appraisal officer (print): .....................................................................
Signature: ................................................Date: ……………………………………

Annex-4: Guideline for preparation of site specific ESMP
ESMPs should demonstrate that proposed environmental and social management and monitoring activities
will encompass all major impacts and how they will be integrated into project supervision. The ESMP
should also describe proposed measures, methods, and actions to facilitate public consultation. It is
important that the ESMP identify linkages to other social and environmental safeguards plans relating to
the project, such as plans to deal with resettlement issues. Given the scale and nature of the project and the
significance of the potential anticipated impacts, OWEB in collaboration with Regional Water and Energy
Bureaus are responsible for preparing a project-specific ESMP for identified projects in a format suitable
for inclusion as technical specifications in the contract of each project beneficiaries, if applicable and
required. ESMPs should be finalized and approved after considering comments from the Ministry of Water,
and Energy (MoWE) at the national level and from Regional Environmental offices at regional level. The
AfDB safeguards team will review and provide comments on draft site-specific instruments (if required)
and monitor safeguards compliance, among others. Given below are the important elements that constitute
an ESMP:
i) Description of the project under BRWDLP: Scale nature and type of projects implemented under
the proposed programs are summarized.
ii) Description of Project implementation area: The Biophysical and social environmental setting of the
specific project implementation area are summarized
iii) Impacts: Predicted adverse environmental and social impacts (and any uncertainties about their
effects) for which mitigation is necessary should be identified and summarized.
iv) Description of Mitigation Measures: Each measure should be briefly described in relation to the
impact(s) and conditions under which it is required. These should be accompanied by and/or referenced
to designs, development activities, operating procedures, and implementation responsibilities.
Proposed measures and actions to facilitate public consultations should be clearly described and
justified. Feasible and cost-effective measures to minimize adverse impacts to acceptable levels should
be specified with reference to each impact identified. Further, the ESMP should provide details on the
conditions under which the mitigation measure should be implemented. The ESMP should also
indicate the various practicable measures applicable to the proposed projects at each project phases
(design, construction and/or operation). Efforts should also be made to mainstream environmental
aspects wherever possible.
v) Description of monitoring program: The ESMP identifies monitoring objectives and specifies the
type of monitoring required; it also describes performance indicators which provide linkages between
impacts and mitigation measures identified in the ESA report, parameters to be measured (for example:
national standards, extent of impacted area to be considered, etc.), methods to be used, sampling
location and frequency of measurements, and definition of thresholds to signal the need for corrective
actions. Monitoring and supervision arrangements should be agreed by the Bank and the borrower to:
ensure timely detection of conditions requiring remedial measures in keeping with best practice;
provide information and the progress and results of mitigation and institutional strengthening

measures; and, assess compliance with National and AfDB environmental safeguard policies and IFC
performance standards
vi) Institutional arrangements: Institutions responsible for implementing mitigation measures and for
monitoring their performance should be clearly identified. Where necessary, mechanisms for
institutional coordination should be identified, as often, monitoring tends to involve more than one
institution. This is especially important for projects requiring cross-sectoral integration. The ESMP
specifies who is responsible for undertaking the mitigation and monitoring measures, e.g., for
enforcement of remedial actions, monitoring of implementation, training, financing, and reporting.
Institutional arrangements should also be crafted to maintain support for agreed enforcement measures
for environmental protection. Where necessary, the ESMP should propose strengthening the relevant
agencies through such actions as: establishment of appropriate organizational arrangements;
appointment of key staff and consultants.
vii) Implementing schedules: The timing, frequency and duration of mitigation measures and monitoring
should be included in an implementation schedule, showing phasing and coordination with procedures
in the overall project implementation/operations manual. Linkages should be specified where
implementation of mitigation measures is tied to institutional strengthening and to the project legal
agreements, e.g. as conditions for loan effectiveness or disbursement.
viii) Reporting procedures: Feedback mechanisms to inform the relevant parties on the progress and
effectiveness of the mitigation measures and monitoring itself should be specified. Guidelines on the
type of information required and the presentation of feedback information should also be highlighted.
ix) Cost estimates and sources of funds: Implementation of mitigation measures mentioned in the ESMP
will involve an initial investment cost as well as recurrent costs. The ESMP should include cost
estimates into the Project design, bidding and contract documents to ensure that the contractors will
comply with the mitigation measures. The costs for implementing the ESMP will be included in the
Project design, as well as in the bidding and contract documents. It is important to capture all costs –
including administrative, design and consultancy, and operational and maintenance costs – resulting
from meeting required standards or modifying project design.
To ensure unique identification and to cater for changes in administrative borders or names, the ESMP
further requires entering of GPS coordinates of the location, if applicable.
For each potential impacts of the project, corresponding mitigation measures, and who is responsible for
implementation is indicated. For each potential environmental and social impact, there can be more than
one mitigation measure. Responsibility for implementation of mitigation measures will typically rest with
the contractors during construction and operation phase.
The monitoring section of the ESMP prescribes indicators for monitoring the environmental and social
impact and the effects of mitigation measures. The responsibility for this will typically rest with the OWEB.
A template for ESMP is depicted in annex 5.

Annex-5: Suggested Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) Template

for a sub-project
Project identification
Project title/Name
Region Zone District
Kebele/community Location GPS coordinates
Description of the project activity

Description of potential environmental and social impacts;
Description of planned mitigation measures and monitoring along with institutional responsibilities
and capacity/training requirements
Environmental and Social Management Plan-Mitigation

Project Phase Project Environmental Mitigation/ Institutional Cost
activity Impacts enhancement measures responsibilities
Pre-construction
Construction
Operation and
maintenance
Total mitigation costs
Environmental and Social Management Plan-Monitoring

Project Phase Cost
responsibilities
measurements
be monitored
Parameters to
Institutional
Mitigation
frequency
measures
location
Pre-construction/ activities
Construction/ activities
Operation and
maintenance/ activities
Total monitoring costs

Annex-6: Sample Terms of Reference (ToR) for a sub-project ESIA preparation
Based on the screening and scoping study results, ESIA terms of reference will be prepared. The terms of
reference will have the following contents. Please refer to “Ethiopia’s Environmental and Social
Safeguards Framework for the CRGE Initiative” (MEF, 2015) for detail information on the ESIA process
steps (Screening, Scoping, Impact study, Reviewing, Decision-making, Monitoring and reporting, and
Auditing and Reporting). Further, please refer to the Guideline Series Documents for Reviewing
Environmental Impacts Study Reports (EPA, 2003) for detail information on contents and descriptions of
ESIA report (EPA, 2003). Review and use Oromia latest guideline as need be.
I. Objective of the TOR: This section should state the scope of the ESIA in relation to the screening
category and the proposed program activities. It needs to stipulate the process and the timing of the
ESIA preparation and implementation stages in order to adequately address the safeguards requirements
of the GoE and the AfDB.
II. Introduction and Context: The ToR needs to provide information on program activity objective, the
name of the program activity proponent, the rational for conducting the ESIA, specific components of
the program activity, program activity area with location map, short briefing of social and
environment of settings and applicable national and international safeguard policies.
III. Location of the study area and likely major impacts: State the area involved and the boundaries
of the study area for the assessment. Identify adjacent or remote areas which should be considered with
respect to impacts of particular aspects of the program activity.
IV. Mission/Tasks: The ESIA study team/consultant should clearly execute the following tasks.
Task A: Description of the proposed program activity: Describe the location, size and nature of
the program activity, environmental assessment category, brief description of program activity
alternatives, time schedule for phasing of development (i.e., preconstruction, construction,
operation/maintenance, decommissioning), and resources (finance, human, material and technology)
required for the program activity, among others.
Task B: Baseline information/Biophysical and social-economic description: Describe the
baseline/biophysical and socio-economic characteristics of the environment where the program activity
will be implemented; and area of influence. Include information on any changes anticipated before the
program activity commences.
Task C: Administrative and legal Policy framework: In addition to the required
administrative and institutional setup for the implementation of the program activity, this part needs to
identify pertinent policies, regulations and guidelines pertinent to the study that include:
✓ National laws and/or regulations on environmental and social assessments;
✓ Regional environmental and social assessment regulations;
✓ Environmental and social assessment regulations of any other financing organizations
involved in the program activity;
✓ Relevant international environmental and social agreements/conventions to which
✓ Ethiopia is a party;

✓ AfDB safeguards policies; and

✓ IFC performance standards applied to the Program
Task D: Identification of potential impacts of the program activity: Identify all potential
significant impacts that the program activity is likely to generate. Assess the impacts from changes
brought about by the program activity on baseline environmental conditions as described under Task B.
The analysis should address both the positive and negative impacts of the program activity. Wherever
possible, describe impacts quantitatively, in terms of environmental and social costs and benefits.
Task E: Propose Program activity alternatives: Alternatives extend to site, design, technology
selection, construction techniques and phasing, and operating and maintenance procedures. Compare
alternatives in terms of potential environmental and social impacts; capital and operating costs;
suitability under local conditions; and institutional, training, and monitoring requirements.
Task F: Preparation of an Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP): Describe
the mitigation measures for adverse environmental and social impacts, staffing/institutional and
training requirements, schedules, and other necessary support services to implement the mitigating
measures. Provide environmental and social protection clauses for application by contractors and
consultants, if any. The ToR should state that the concerned and affected parties should agree on the
proposed mitigating measures before they are included in the ESMP.
Task G: Monitoring Plan: This organizes a comprehensive plan to monitor the implementation of
mitigating measures and the impacts of the program activities. It should also address an estimate of
capital and operating costs and a description of other inputs (such as training and institutional
strengthening) needed to implement the plan.
V. Qualification of the ESIA study team/Consultant: The ToR should provide clear guidance on the
qualification of the ESIA study team.
VI. Duration of the ESIA Study: This should be determined according to the type of the program
activity.
VII. Preparation of the final Report: The ESIA study team/consultant will produce the final report
one week after receiving comments from program activity proponent and concerned stakeholders. The
final report will include comments from these institutions.
VIII. Suggested Contents of the ESIA Report: Please refer to the “Guideline Series Documents for
Reviewing Environmental Impacts Study Reports” (EPA, 2003) to get detail information on the contents
of ESIA report (EPA, 2003). The contents of the ESIA report should contain the following elements.
➢ Executive Summary
➢ Introduction
➢ Methodology
➢ Administrative, legal and policy requirements
➢ Description of program activity (need, objectives, technical details, size, location input and
other relevant requirements)
➢ An outline of the main development alternatives
➢ Description of baseline information/environmental and socio-economic conditions

➢ An account of the prediction and assessment of each impact at all stages of the program
activity cycle for each alternative
➢ Description of the methodology and techniques used in assessment and analysis of the
program activity impacts
➢ Description of environmental and social impacts for program activity
➢ Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) for the project including the proposed
management and mitigation measures and the respective costs;
➢ Environmental and Social Monitoring Plan for the project including the proposed
monitoring measures and the respective costs;
➢ Institutional responsibilities for monitoring and implementation; Summarized table for ESMP.
➢ Conclusions and recommendations
➢ References
➢ Annexes
✓ List of Persons/Institutions met
✓ Minutes of consultations
✓ List of ESIA report preparers – individuals and organizations.
✓ Record of stakeholder and community consultation meetings, including consultations
for obtaining the informed views of the affected people and local nongovernmental
organizations (NGOs). The record specifies any means other than consultations (e.g.,
surveys) that were used to obtain the views of affected groups and local NGOs.
✓ Tables presenting the relevant data referred to or summarized in the main text.
✓ List of associated reports (e.g., ESMP, RAP, socio-economic baseline survey, WMP,
SEP, etc.)
✓ List of the ESIA study team members
Note:
The above ToR outlines the minimum content that should be included in a full-fledge ESIA report (i.e.,
Schedule–I sub-projects). For Preliminary ESIA report (i.e., Schedule-II subprojects), early consultations
would need to be carried with the relevant federal, regional or zonal EPA offices to determine the minimum
content for such report.

Annex-7: Procedures for Finding Physical Cultural Resources
Given the proposed project activities under the BRWDLP are implemented in areas where potential land
acquisition is required, the project activity may have an impact on cultural resources, particularly for
unknown cultural heritage. The Project activities are required to comply with all the requirements under the
Bank policy throughout the program implementation period, expecting that unforeseen impacts might occur
during the construction activities of projects. Within the scope of the proposed Programs, any project
activities that will impact the cultural resources are not eligible for funding (for a list of projects that are
not eligible for funding, please refer to Annex 1). In case of any possibility of the chance find of physical
cultural resources, most notably during excavation as part of construction activity, the chance finds
procedures is one of the instruments to be used during the Program implementation period.
Such physical cultural resources may take the form of works of art, building structures, natural features and
landscapes, graves or aesthetic, cultural and architectural sites, including sites of archaeological, historical,
or religious significance.
All chance finds of such physical cultural resources will lead to the temporary suspension of all activity
that will adversely impact the cultural resource. Contractors will include detailed procedures for ensuring
the protection of the cultural resources, including cessation of activities until the significance of the find
has been determined and until appropriate mitigating measures has been implemented. This Annex contains
standard provisions to be annexed to contract documents that potentially will lead to chance finds of
physical cultural resources, as required. Therefore, the attachment outlined below will be annexed to the
contract document to manage in case there is the possibility of chance find of physical cultural resources.
Attachment to contracts in case of potential chance find of physical cultural resources
If the Contractor discovers archaeological sites, historical sites, remains and objects, including graveyards
and/or individual graves during excavation or construction, the Contractor shall:
1: Excavation in sites of known archaeological interest should be avoided and as stated in annex 1, such
projects are not eligible for funding. Where historical remains, antiquity or any other object of cultural,
historical or archaeological importance (including graveyards) are unexpectedly discovered during
construction in an area not previously known for its archaeological interest, the following procedures
should be applied:
a) Stop the construction activities in the area of the chance find.
b) Delineate the discovered area.
c) Secure the area to prevent any damage or loss of removable objects. In cases of removable antiquities
or sensitive remains, a night guard shall be present until the responsible national and regional
authorities and the Ministry of Culture and truism to take over.
d) Notify OWEB environmental and social safeguards specialist who in turn will notify the MoWE and
OWEB respective relevant institutions to contact the responsible local authorities and the Ministry
of Culture and Tourism immediately (less than 24 hours).
e) The Ministry of Culture and Tourism will be in charge of protecting and preserving the area until
deciding on the proper procedures to be carried out. This might require an evaluation of the findings

to be performed by the archaeologists of the relevant Ministry Culture, and Tourism (within 1 week).
The evaluation of the findings will take in consideration various criteria relevant to cultural heritage,
including the aesthetic, historic, scientific or research, social and economic values as decided by the
Ministry of Culture and Tourism.
f) Decisions on how to handle the finding are taken by the responsible authorities and the Ministry of
Culture and Tourism (within 2 weeks). This could include changes in the location of the project
layout (such as when the finding is irremovable remains of cultural or archaeological importance),
conservation, preservation, restoration and salvage.
g) Construction or rehabilitation work will resume only after authorization is provided by the
responsible local authorities and the Ministry of Culture and Tourism concerning the safeguard of
the heritage.
h) Authorization to resume work shall be communicated to the contractor and/or regional and District
energy experts in writing by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism.
2: In case of delays incurred indirect relation to any physical cultural resources findings not stipulated in the
contract (and affecting the overall schedule of works), the contractor/masons may apply for an extension
of time. However, the contractor will not be entitled to any kind of compensation or claim other than
what is directly related to the execution of the physical cultural resources findings works and protections.

Annex-8: Annual Reviews and Audit Guidelines
Objectives
The objectives of annual reviews of ESMF implementation are two-fold:
a) To assess the Part 2 Project of the wider BRWDLP performance in complying with ESMF
procedures, learn lessons, and improve future performance; and
b) To assess the occurrence of, and potential for, cumulative impacts due to scaling solar and wind
energy development projects.
The Programs management is expected to use the annual reviews to improve on procedures and capacity
for integrating natural resources and environmental/social management into proposed program operations.
It is also be a principal source of information to Bank supervision missions.
Scope of Work
ESMF Performance Assessment
The overall scope of the performance assessment work is to:
a) Assess the adequacy of the project approval process and procedures based on interviews with Project
participants, Project records, and the environmental and social performance of a sample of approved
projects;
b) Assess the adequacy of ESMF roles and responsibilities, procedures, forms, information resource
materials, etc.;
c) Assess the needs for further training and capacity building;
d) Identify key risks to the environmental and social sustainability of projects; and
e) Recommend appropriate measures for improving ESMF performance.
The following tasks will be typical:

a) Review project preparation and approval (e.g. applications; management; screening checklists; ESMPs,
A/RAPs, appraisal forms; approval documents), as well as related studies or reports on wider issues of
natural resources and environmental management in the country.
b) On the basis of this review, conduct field visits of a sample of approved projects to assess the
completeness of planning and implementation work, the adequacy of environmental/social design, and
compliance with proposed mitigation measures. The sample should be large enough to be representative
and include a substantial proportion of projects that had (or should have had) a field appraisal according
to established ESMF criteria. Projects in sensitive natural or social environments should especially be
included.

c) Interview national, regional and District officials responsible for project appraisal and approval to
determine their experience with ESMF implementation, their views on the strengths and weaknesses of
the ESMF process, and what should be done to improve performance.
Improvements may concern, for example, the process itself, the available tools (e.g. guidelines, forms,
and information sheets), the extent, and kind of training available, and the amount of financial resources
available.
d) Develop recommendations for improving ESMF performance.
Cumulative Impacts Assessment

This part of the annual review assesses the actual or potential cumulative impacts of projects with other
projects or development initiatives on the environment, natural resources and community groups, if
applicable. Cumulative impacts result from a number of other activities that, on their own, have minimal
impacts, but over time and in combination generate a significant impact. For example:
a) Decline in groundwater levels or quality due to the abstraction of waters from limited natural water
sources or wells and the introduction of numerous other small-scale projects affecting the available
water potential in the area;
b) Overwhelmed or illegal waste and dumping sites due to the inappropriate disposal of increasing
amounts of waste materials; and
c) Attraction of migrant populations to communities that have successfully introduced improved social
infrastructure (such as schools, health facilities or water sources) resulting in depletion of resources
(e.g., supplies, water), etc.
The function of this assessment is primarily as an "early warning" system for potential cumulative impacts
that might otherwise go undetected and unattended to. It will be largely based on the observations of people
interviewed during the fieldwork, and trends that may be noticed by regional or District officials. Where
cumulative impacts are detected or suspected, recommendations will be made to address the issue, perhaps
through more detailed study to clarify matters and what should or can be done about them.
Qualifications for Undertaking Annual Reviews:
The annual reviews shall be undertaken by an individual consultant, or small team, with experience relevant
to the likely issues to be encountered (e.g., environmental and natural resources management, land
acquisition and resettlement, livelihood restoration, community and occupational safety issues). They
should also be familiar with the methods and practices of effective community consultation, and with
typical methods and processes for preparing, appraising, approving, and implementing small-scale
community development projects.
Timing:
Annual reviews should be undertaken after the annual ESMF report has been prepared and before AFDB
supervision of the Project, at the closing of each year of the programs. It is expected that each review would
require 3 to 4 weeks of work (interviews, examination of projects), and that the review report would be
completed within 2 weeks of completing the fieldwork.

Outputs:
The principal output is an annual review report that documents the review methodology, summarizes the
results, and provides practical recommendations. Distinct sections should address;
a) ESMF performance and
b) Cumulative impacts.
C) Measures to be taken
Annexes should provide the detailed results of the fieldwork, arid summarize the number of approved
projects by state and their characteristics according to the annual report format.
Copies of the annual review report should be delivered to the OWEB management, MoWE, to each national
and regional office directly or indirectly responsible for appraisal, approval, and implementation of projects,
and to the AfDB. The project management (OWEB) may also want to host national or regional workshops
to review and discuss the review findings and recommendations.

Annex-9: Suggested Annual Review Report Template for a Project
Name of the Program:

Name of the Project: __________________ Application Number: ____________________
1. Name of Project site, Region, District or Local Government:
2. Name and Position of Authority or person prepare annual review report:

3. Reporting Year: ______________________________
4. Date of Report: _______________________________
5. Project (s):
Please enter the numbers of Subproject activities in the following table.
Application included
Approved this year
an ESMF checklist
Field Appraisal
Specific TA
Types of Project Activities
Remark
ESMP
RAP
Auxiliary Market Facilities
6. Were there any unforeseen environmental or social problems associated with any Project approved and
implemented this year? If so, please identify the Project (s) and summarize the problem (s) and what
was or will be done to solve the problem (s). Use a summary table below.
Project Problem(s) Actions taken Actions to be taken

7. Have any other environmental or social analyses been carried out by other public or private agencies in
your District/region? If so, please describe them briefly.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. Have you noticed any problems with implementing the ESMF in the past year (e.g. administrative,
communications, forms, capacity)? If so, please describe them briefly.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. Training: Please summarize the training received in your Institution, District/Region in the past year, as
well as key areas of further training you think are needed.
Group Training Received Training Needed
OWEB
MoWE
Zonal Water Board Unit
Regional, Zonal and District
environment team
Community Members, elders, clan
leaders
NGOs/Associations
Etc.

Annex-10: Suggested ESMF Reporting Forms, Training and Follow-up
This annex contains three templates to be used in conjunction with monitoring and reporting and follow for
ESMF implementation.
ESMF reporting form

Project Application Field appraisal Application ESMP and Written warnings Chance finds
title received undertaken approved A/RAP of violation of procedures
(date) (Date if (Date if developed ESMP and A/RAP invoked
undertaken) approved) (Yes or no) issued (Yes/no) (Yes or no)
ESMF training form

Personnel No. of people trained Training received
OWEB, MoWE, Safeguard
specialist/officer
OWEB, MoWE, officials and
engineers
Regional Energy and
safeguards specialist
District staffs
Community members, clan
leaders, elders etc.
Follow up on previous recommendations

Recommendation Date of Action taken Recommendation
recommendation implemented (yes/no)

Annex-11: Dubuluk district key sectors stakeholders’ & project kebeles community
representatives’ consultation
Annex-11.1: Dubuluk district key sectors stakeholders’ consultative meeting participants

Annex-11-2: Minute of Dubuluk District key stakeholders’ consultative meeting



Annex-11.3: Dubuluk district Kersa Dembi kebele community consultation participants

Annex-11.4: Minute of Dubuluk District Kersa Dembi kebele community consultation



Annex-11.5: Dubuluk district Gobso kebele community representatives consultation participants

Annex-11:6: Minute of Dubuluk District Gobso kebele community representative consultation


Annex-12: Elweya District key sectors stakeholders’ & project kebeles community
representatives’ consultations
Annex-12.1: Elweya District Water and Energy Office Staffs discussion participants

Annex-12.2: Elweya District key sectors stakeholders’ consultative meeting participants

Annex-12.3: Minute of Elweya District key sectors stakeholders’ consultative meeting


Annex-12.4: Elweya District Adde Gelchet kebele community consultation participants

Annex-12.5: Minute of Elweya District Adde Gelchet kebele community consultation



Annex-12.6: Elweya District Sarite kebele community representatives’ consultation participants

Annex-12.7: Minute of Elweya district Sarite kebele community representative consultative meeting



Annex-13: Yabello District key sectors stakeholders’ and project kebele community
representatives’ consultations
Annex-13.1: Yabello District key sectors stakeholders’ consultative meeting participants

Annex-13.2: Minute of Yabello District key sectors stakeholders’ consultative meeting



Annex-13.3: Yabello District Har-Wayu kebele community representatives’ consultation participants

Annex-13.4: Minute of Yabello District Har-Wayu kebele community representatives’ consultation



Annex 14: Summary of issues, opinions & responses raised on districts & kebeles consultations
Concerns and Views Raised Responses to address concerns and issues
1. General views on the project
I. Elweya District-
• This project is very important for the community, especially irrigation will • If OWEB efforts on selection of target areas and screening
be very important for agricultural sector. process were not enough to inform the project; OWEB shall
• We have no information about this project and the level of target achievement address through additional stakeholder and community
in comparison with its objective is key for the evaluation of the project. consultation sessions at region, zone and district level
II. Dubluk District consultation sessions, and
• This project is very important for the community; it adds a great deal of • Lack of trusts on the water supply project issue as repeated
value to the ongoing community development initiatives. previous promises were not met and delayed for the last 20
• We have no information about this project. years.
2. Project Benefits
I. Yabello District The project is expected to potential resilience through increased
The project would benefit the whole community in: groundwater access for consumption and production. The project
• Providing fresh and clean water through water supply and infrastructure will contribute to improve pastoral and agro-pastoral livelihoods
building, and through community level sub-projects to increase groundwater
• Improve agricultural activity and increase utilization of underground water. supply and use, involving targeted communities in the
II. Dubluk District development, management, and maintenance of water supply and
• The project benefits both the community and government institutions on sanitation investments.
improving the GW resources management and use practice.
3. Risks and Concerns
I. Elweya District
• Conflicts of interest among clans on water supply infrastructure building,
well drilling and irrigation; there could be a concern. Anticipated risks addressed in the ESMF, are expected to be easily
II. Dubluk District mitigated. Towards addressing the risks, the following instruments
• Similar risks and concerns can arise while implementing this project, hence have been prepared and pending for approval by the Bank: RPF and
there is need to take lessons from previously implemented AfDB-financed ESMF.


projects and work towards addressing intended and unintended gaps or
risks.
4. Mitigation Measures for adverse effects of the Project
I. Yabello District Anticipated risks addressed in the ESMF, are expected to be easily
• Their would-be direct government and elders (cultural leaders) intervention mitigated. Towards addressing the risks, the following instruments
for peaceful resolution of any kind of conflict. have been prepared and pending for approval by the Bank: RPF and
ESMF.
II. Elweya District Anticipated risks addressed in the ESMF, are expected to be easily
• Being a CDD intervention, enhancing community participation along all mitigated. Towards addressing the risks, the following instruments
cycle of the project and following the standard AfDB and national procedures have been prepared and pending for approval by the Bank: RPF and
and ESRM instruments will help to mitigate the risks and concerns ESMF.
5. Vulnerable PAP
I. Elweya District
• Poor and weak community groups of all kinds living at the peripheries of the Along the various stages of the project implementation, there will
district. be an affirmative action or other equivalent mechanism which helps
II. Dubluk District to identify the vulnerable PAPs and design a mechanism that
• In our case the most vulnerable groups are women, children, elderly, responds in line with their needs and contexts.
terminally ill people, person with disabilities and ethnic or social minorities.
6. Land acquisition and compensation
I. Dubluk District The Ethiopian constitution on the right of shall be considered and
• For any kind of project requiring a private land to be turned to a public for the AfDB safeguards policy shall be used.
the purpose of community development, compensation is made for the • Compensation for project affected communities based on
owner of that land or the property. their land holding are implemented.


II. Yablello District • Implementing land-for-land replacement in the case of
• We are implementing based on the principle of compensating all eligible possible and losses;
affected PAPs and land is either replaced by land or compensated properly. • Compensation is provided for loss of assets other than land.
With regard to our experiences in handling property valuation and • Displaced persons should be assisted in their efforts to
compensation, we are working in line with the national standards. If we improve or restore their livelihoods (capacity building
capacitated by AfDB and we can easily undertake the project implementation opportunities).
as per the AfDB guidelines.
Kebele level consultations Community and team responses
1. Kersa Dembi Kebele of Dubuluk District
1.1 Project benefits raised by consulted community members • Land acquisition issues should be managed by thorough
• As we are using pond for domestic water uses, we are serving from discussions with community, elders, religious leaders, clan
waterborne disease the community is facing. leaders and indigenous institutions before starting
• Students’ school dropout will be solved and teachers can also stay at implementation of the project activities as the community can
schools as they currently leave the area for Yabello and other towns due leave lands under project infrastructure and substituted from
to the water problem. communal areas.
• Economic problems we are facing by purchasing water for Birr 20-30 • Consulted kebele communities reached an agreement that
per 10 liters Jerican, donation of communal land for project affected privates if their
• The community development will be promoted by the safe water supply. lands are needed for the development purposes and if there is
1.2 Water Supply Project Negative Effects communal lands is not available, the loser is expected to be
• Water supply line private land crossings. compensated based on available proclamation.
2. Gobso kebele of Dubuluk District
2.1 Project benefits
• The community development enhanced. • Almost all consulted community members agreed to supply
• The community safe water problem will be solved. land for such small water supply interventions and it cannot be
• Women and children who involve on searching for water for 4-6 hours issue of concern and confirmed that there is no unlawful
each day will get water in village, elders and others will get potable water pressure expected or exerted upon voluntary land donors in the
at the villages. process of obtaining community land agreement or ensure that
2.2 Project Negative impacts involuntary resettlement and land acquisition is avoided or
• The project water supply line may cross private lands although not series where it is necessary, is minimized.
issues when compared with the prevailing water supply problem.

3. Adde Gelchet kebele

3.1 Project benefits • Land acquisition issues should be managed by thorough
• Although the village established 60 years ago, no development due to discussions with community, elders, religious leaders, clan
potable water problem and the water supply enhances the village leaders and indigenous institutions before starting
development. implementation of the project activities.
• Kebele health center and school service delivery promoted. • Regarding land acquisitions, land holders can donate their land
• Serious health problems due to unsafe water avoided. voluntarily, as expected bright future for their children and the
benefit of the society at large. But the land taken for
3.2 Negative impacts of the project construction for a given sub-project activity must undergo the
• The up and down topography or hills of the area can affect the water process of consultation with individual land holder or the
supply line distribution. community.
4. Sarite Kebele of Elweyu District
4.1 Project benefits • Land acquisition issues should manage by thorough
• Serious potable water problem of the kebele will be solved and discussions with community, elders, religious leaders, clan
• Water related health problems will be solved. leaders and indigenous institutions before starting
4.2 Possible major negative issue raised by community participants. implementation of the project activities.
• Although not serious land ownership problem as the water supply is • Land ownership is not serious and should be managed by
constructed on land. community.
5. Hare Weyu kebele of Yabello District
5.1 Project Benefits • Land acquisition issues should be managed by thorough
• The benefit is by far greater than its possible impacts; discussions with community, elders, religious leaders, clan
• School, health center and kebele institutions service delivery enhanced. leaders and indigenous institutions before starting
• Village people’s migration to other areas due to lack of water will be implementation of the project activities.
minimized. • Can substitute land from communal areas by the community
5.2 Project Negative impacts agreement.
• The project crosses communal and privately owned lands. • Compensate cost of industrial materials such as Corrugated
• The canal can come on individual residents and institutions. Iron and Nails, etc. of affected individual.

Annex-15: Baseline data collection questionnaire

Annex-15.1: Agriculture and Pastoral Development Office baseline data collection questionnaire
_____________ National Regional State
Zone: ______________ District: ____________ __
ESIA Study Baseline Data Collection Questionnaire
District Agriculture Sector

Project name: ___________________________________________
1. Population of the District.
Description Population Number of HHs Average Remark

Male Female Total Male Female Total HH Size
District total
Urban
Rural
Kebele/s
2. District land use and land cover area in hectare and percentage.
Land use type Area (ha) %
Forestland
Arable land
Shrubs and fallow
Wetlands
Grazing land
Water bodies’
Others
Total
3. Average landholding per household of the district in ha. _______hectares.

4. Dominant crop types grown in the district.
4.1 Major crops:
4.2 Minor crops:
4.3 Commercial crops:
4.4 Major crop diseases by crop types.
5. Agrochemicals use:
5.1 Rate of fertilizers uses by types.
DAP: /ha Urea: /ha Pesticides = /ha.
5.2 Amount of fertilizers and pesticides used in previous two consecutive years in the district.
• 1st year: DAP qt. Urea= qt. Pesticides =
• 2nd year: DAP qt. Urea= qt. Pesticides =
6. Major soil and water conservation activities

6.1 List of major biological conservation activities of the district.
Ser. No Biological Conservation measures Km /m2/hectare

1. Area closure
2. Protected forest
3. Plantations
4.
5.
6.2 List of major physical conservation measures activities of the district.
Ser. no Physical Conservation measures Km /m2/hectare

1. Soil bund
2. Stone bund
3. Terraces construction
4. Bund stabilization
5. Cut of drain construction
6. Others
7. Major rain fed crops production of the district as of ___/_____EFY.
S/n Rain fed crops Area (Ha) Total production (qt)
1 Cereals
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
2 Pulses
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
3 Oil Crops
3.1
3.2
3.3

8. Expected potential impacts of the project on the agricultural activities and pastoral
development of the district.
8.1 Positive impacts on agricultural and pastoral development activities of the district.
8.2 Negative Impacts on agricultural and pastoral development activities of the district.
9. What should be done to minimize or eliminate expected negative impacts of the project?
10. Any additional comment/s on the project study?
11. Any other general or specific comment/s.
Responder’s name: ______________________ Signature ______________

Job title or position: ________________________________________________
Institution: _______________________________________________________
Address: Region: ___________________ District: __________________
Town/City: ________________ Tel.: ______________________
Sub-city: _________________ Date: ___________________

Annex-15.2: District Culture and Tourism baseline data collection questionnaire

Zone: ______________ District: ____________ __
Culture and Tourism Sector
Project name: ___________________________________________
1. List sites with cultural and religious importance (if any) in the district and especially in the
project kebele/s. ______________________________
2. List sites with historical and archaeological importance (if any) in the district and especially in
the project kebele/s.
3. List sites with recreational importance (if any) in the district and especially in the project
kebele/s.
4. Major ethnic groups and their percentage share in the district and the project kebele/s.
5. What are the positive and/or negative impacts of the project on cultural and tourism resources of the
district and the project kebele/s?
5.1 Positive impacts

5.2 Negative impacts:
6. What should be done to overcome the problems (i f any) of the project on the cultural and tourism
resources of the district and/or the project kebele/s?
7. Any general comment please!
Responder’s name: ______________________ Signature ______________

Institution: _______________________________________________________
Town/City: ________________ Tel.: ______________________
Sub-city: _________________ Date: ___________________

Annex-15.3: District Land Administration sector baseline data collection questionnaire
Zone: ______________ District: _____________________
District Land Administration Sector
Project name: ___________________________________________
1. Total land area of the district in square km and hectare.

______________________________________________________________________________
2. Total areas of land owned by the district population in hectare.

________________________________________________________________________
3. District land use and land cover area in hectare and percentage.
Forestland
Arable land
Shrubs and fallow
Wetlands
Grazing land
Water bodies’
Others
Total
4. Average landholding per household of the district in ha. _______hectares.

5. Total number of District human population.
___________________________________________________________________________
6. Density of District population in hectare.
__________________________________________________________________________
7. Expected potential impacts of the project on the land ownership of the district population.
a. Positive impacts of the project on the district population livelihood and development.
b. Negative impacts on the district population livelihood and development.

_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

8. Is land ownership can be major problem with respect to the project?
a. Yes b. NO
9. Explain and justify your answer for the above question number 8.
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
10. What should be done to minimize or eliminate expected negative impacts of the project on the district
population land ownership if found significant?
11. Any additional comment/s on the study of the project?
12. Any other general or specific comment/s.
Responder’s name: Signature ____________

Job title or position:
Institution:
Town/City: ________________ Tel.: ______________________
Sub-city: _________________ Date: ___________________

Annex-15.4: District Health Sector baseline data collection questionnaire

__________National Regional State
_________ Zone _________District _________ Kebele ____________ Project
Socio-economy and EIA Study Data Collection Questionnaire
District Health Office
Project name: _____________________________________________
1. Number of human health service institutions in the district

S.no Health services by type Number of Health Services at District Level
Private Government NGO Total
1 Hospitals
2 Health centers
3 Health posts
4 Clinics
5 Laboratory centers
6 Rural drug shops
7 Pharmacies
2. Number of human health personnel working in the district

S.no Number of Health Personnel at District Level
Health personnel Male Female Total
1 Medical doctors
2 Nurses (of all categories)
3 Health officers
4 Mid-wife nurse
5 Sanitarians
6 Health extension workers
7 Health assistants
8 Laboratory technicians
3. Top Ten Diseases in the District as of _______/_______ G.C.

S.no Top Ten Disease Number of Cases Remark
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

4. Trend of Basic Health Service Coverage percentage (%) of the district for the last three years.
Periods Urban (%) Rural (%) Total (%)
5. Sanitation Coverage of the District as of end of ______/______.

Urban ____________% Rural___________% Total ___________%
6. Number of Women Using Currently Family Planning Services in the district
Community Number Remark
Urban
Rural
Total
7. What is the most common type of contraceptive practiced by users?

_________________________________________________________________________
Why they favored it?
_________________________________________________________________________
8. HIV/AIDs prevalence and its impacts as last Ethiopian Fiscal.
1. Cumulative number of people living with HIV/AIDs in the district
Male ___________ Female __________ Total ___________
2. Number of children without family due to HIV/AIDs.
3. Trends of the disease prevalence of the district
Decreasing Increasing Constant
4. What are the causes for the prevalence of the disease?
__________________________________________________________________
5. Comment on its future controlling mechanism based on existing situations.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________
9. Describe current prevalence of Covid-19 cases the district
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________
10. Number of peoples affected by Covid-19 in the district.
Male: _________ Female: __________ Total: ______________
11. Number of deaths by Covid-19 in the district.

Male: _________ Female: __________ Total: ______________

12. Number of peoples affected by Covid-19 in kebeles under the project.
a. ______________ Male: ______ Female: _____ Total: _____
b. ______________ Male: ______ Female: _____ Total: _____
c. ______________ Male: ______ Female: _____ Total: _____
13. Number of people’s death by Covid-19 in the kebeles under the project influence.
a. ______________ Male: ______ Female: _____ Total: _____
b. ______________ Male: ______ Female: _____ Total: _____
c. ______________ Male: ______ Female: _____ Total: _____
14. The major problems for promoting health service development program in the district
_____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
15. Solution done/to be done to solve health related problems of the district.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Responder’s name: __________________________ Signature ______________

Institution: _______________________________________________________
Address: Region: ___________________ District __________________
Town/City: ________________ Tel. ______________________
Sub-city: _________________ Date: ___________________

Annex-15.5: District livestock sector baseline data collection questionnaire
_________ Zone _________District _________ Kebele ____________ Project
Socio-economy and EIA Study Data Collection Questionnaire
District Livestock Office
Project name: _________________________________________________
1. Livestock Production of the District and project village.

S.N. Livestock Type District Major Livestock Diseases
Number TLU
1. Cattle Cattle
Equines Horses
2. Mule
Donkey
Small Sheep
3.
Ruminants Goats
4. Poultry Poultry
Beehives Modern
5. Transitional
Traditional
Sources: _____________________________________________________________
2. Main fodder source/s of livestock of the district.
Common grazing lands, Fallow plots,
Tree legumes Crop residues
Proper grazing land Herbaceous legumes
Others (if any, specify)
3. Common animal diseases and current death rate trends. _____________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
4. Current livestock related problems of the district;
Breeding Health problems
Market problem Grazing land problem
Others (specify if exists) ______________________________________
__________________________________________________________
5. Livestock extension works conditions and needs of the district;
Capacity building
Animal fattening in:
Association/cooperative
Private
Others (specify if exists) _________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

6. Veterinary services availability of the district: _____________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
7. Benefits from livestock for the project area society in private and in gross.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
8. Expected potential impacts of the project on livestock resources of the district.
8.1 Positive impacts on livestock _________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
8.2 Negative Impacts on livestock ________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
9. What should be done to minimize or eliminate expected negative impacts of the proposed project?
____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
10. Any general additional comment regarding the study please?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Responder’s name: ________________________ Signature _________

Job title and position: _________________________________________
Institution: _________________________________________________
Address: Region: ________________ Town: __________________
Zone: __________________ Date: __________________
District: ________________ Tel. ____________________

Annex-15.6: District Natural Resources Sector baseline data collection questionnaire
___________________ National Regional State
Zone: ______________ District: ________________________
Natural Resource Sector

Project name: ___________________________________________
1. Major vegetation types of the District or District.

Ser Major vegetation types in Distribution Remark
. the district Poor Fair Good You may add more
no
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
7.
8.
9.
10
2. District land use and land cover by area in hectare and percentage.
Ser.no Major land uses of the district Hectare Percent Remark

1. Cultivated land
2. Cultivable or arable land
3. Forestland
4. Bush and shrub lands
5. Wetlands
7. Grazing land
8. Bare land
9. Water bodies’
10 Others (specify if any)
3 Dominant grasses, bush trees, weeds.

Group Scientific name Wet areas Dry areas
Grasses
Bush trees

Weeds
4. Any rangeland in the district and the project kebele/s?

Yes No
4.1 If yes, estimated area coverage of the range land. ha.
4.2 Current uses of the range land;
Agricultural cultivation,
Forage for livestock, Grazing
and browsing land Others (if
any, specify)
5. Land tenure condition at most of the District. .
Privately owned,
Communal, Both
Others (if any, specify)
6. Land use conflict cases
6.1 Was there any land use-based conflict/s in the district and the project kebele/s?
Yes No
6.2 If yes for 6.1, was it due to competition between grazing and cultivation activities?
Yes No
6.3 If yes for 6.2, was it due to competition between livestock and wildlife grazing?
Yes No
7. What should be done to minimize or eliminate expected negative impacts of the proposed project?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
8. Any general additional comment regarding the study please?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
Responder’s name: __________________________ Signature ______________

Institution: _______________________________________________________
Address: Region: ___________________ District __________________
Zone: ________________ Town: _________________
Tel. ______________________ Date: ___________________

Annex-15.7: District Water and Energy Sector baseline data collection questionnaire
_________ Zone _________District _________ Kebele ____________
Project ESIA Study Data Collection Questionnaire
District Water Supply Office
Project name: ___________________________________________
1. Potable water supply coverage of:

1.1. The district total = __________%
1.2. Urban coverage = __________ %
1.3. Rural coverage = __________ %
2. Sources of domestic water supply in percent based on water sources of the district.
Springs ………… = _____%
River...…………. = _____ %
Pipe ……………. = _____ %
Hand dug well …. = _____ %
Others (if any, specify) = _____ %
___________________________________________________________
3. List down traditional water sources for domestic uses in the district.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
4. Number of improved water supply schemes in the district.
Number of Schemes
Not
S.no Scheme Type Functional Functional Total
1 Motorized
2 Hand Pump
3 On spot capped spring
4 Capped spring with distribution system
5 Others (Specify)
5. List of organizations engaged in the water supply and sanitation projects in the district:
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
6. List of water sources for livestock in the district.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
7. Main water supply problems of the district.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________

8. Solutions to be done to solve the water supply and related problems.

_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
9. Expected most possible benefits of the project on the socio-economic development of the project area.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
10. Expected most possible negative impacts or problems of the project on environmental and socio-
economic development of the project areas and environmental resources.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
11. List down most possible mitigation measures or solutions for avoiding or minimizing the expected
negative impacts or problems of the project on the project site.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
12. Any general comment/s you have regarding the project.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
Responder’s name: _______________________ Signature __________

Job title or position: _____________________________________________
Institution: __________________________________________________
Address: Region: _________________ District: ______________
Town/City: ______________ Tel. __________________
Sub-city: ________________ Date: ________________

Annex-15.8: District Women and Youth Sector baseline data collection questionnaire

Zone: ______________ District: ____________ __
District Women and Youth Sector
Project: __________________________
1. List of Women’s work activities of the district.

1.1 In home activities of women.
1.2 Out of home works of women.
1.3 Property ownership right of women in the district and the project kebele/s.
2. Women participation in environmental protection of the district and project kebele/s.

2.1 A ctivities of women in environmental protection of the district.
2.2 Problems on active participation of women on environmental protection.
2.3 What do women of the district expect from the coming project?
3. With regard to potable water, what are the district and the project kebele/s women’s problems?
4. Problems on youths of the district and in rural kebeles related to potable water problems.
_________________________________________________________________________
5. Solutions for solving the potable water problems of the district & the rural & urban kebeles.

6. Solution or measures to be taken to solve and avoid the potable water problems of the district and the rural and
urban kebeles of the district.
7. Any general or additional comment/s regarding the study and the project?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Responder’s name: Signature:

Job title or position:
Institution:
Address: Region: Zone
District: Kebele:
Tel.: Date

Annex-15.9: Zone Land Administration Sector baseline data collection questionnaire

Zone: ______________
Zone Land Administration Sector

Project name: ___________________________________________
1. Total land area of Borana Zone in square km and hectare.

____________________________________________________________________________
2. Total areas of land owned by the Zone population in hectare.
________________________________________________________________________
5 Zone land use and land cover area in hectare and percentage.
Forestland
Arable land
Shrubs and fallow ________
Wetlands
Grazing land
Water bodies’
Others
Total
6 Average landholding per household of the zone in ha. _______hectares.
7 Total number of zone human population.
___________________________________________________________________________
8 Density of zonal population per square km or hectare.
__________________________________________________________________________
9 Expected potential impacts of the expected project on the land ownership of the zone
population.
7.1 Positive impacts of the project on the zonal population livelihood and developments.
1.2 Negative Impacts of the project on the zonal population livelihood and development.
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
10 Is land ownership case be major problem with respect to the project?
b. Yes b. NO
11 Explain and justify your answer for the above question number 8.
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________

12 What should be done to minimize or eliminate expected negative impacts of the project on
zonal population land ownership if the problem found significant?
13 Any additional comment/s on the study of the project?
14 Any other general or specific comment/s.
Responder’s name: ________________________ Signature ______________

Institution: _______________________________________________________
Town/City: ________________ Tel. ______________________
Sub-city: _________________ Date: ___________________

Annex-15.10: Project kebele baseline data collection questionnaire

_______________ Regional State
_________ Zone _________District _________ Kebele
Kebele Level Data Collection Questionnaire for EIA Study
Project name: ________________________________________________
1. Kebele human population.

Population Number of HHs Average
Kebele name Male Female Total Male Female Total HH Size Remark
2. Top three economic and livelihood bases of the kebele.

Kebele name Economic and livelihood bases of the Kebele
3. Kebele land use and land cover.

S.no Vegetation type Kebele (ha) Remark
1 Cultivated land
2 Cultivable or arable land
3 Forestland
4 Bush and shrub land
5 Grazing land/rangeland
7 Bare or wasteland
8 Water bodies’
9 Others (explain below)
4. Top five rain fed crop types grown in the Kebele.

S.no Crop types Related crop development problems
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
5. Top five crops grown by irrigation in the Kebele.
S.no Crop types Related crop development problems
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

6. Major soil types and distribution in the kebele.

____________ (_____%), ____________ (_____%), ____________ (_____%),
Others (if any, specify _____________________________________________________
7. Major topography distribution of the kebele.
Dega or high land (_____ %), Woina dega (_____ %), Kolla or low land (_____ %),
8. Number of health institutions and health personnel in the Kebele

S.no Health institution Number of health institution Number of health personnel
by type Private Gov. NGO Male Female Total
1 Health centers
2 Health posts
3 Rural drug shops
4 Others if any
_______________________________________________________________________
8 Number of different services giving institutions of the kebele.

Ser. Number of health Kebele Remark
no services by type Private Gov. NGO Total
1. Health Center
2. Health post
3. Health station
4. Clinic
5. Schools
6. Road network
7. Water supply scheme
8. Credit services
9. Banking
10. Telephone services
11. Electricity supply
12. F.T.C
Source: _______________________________________________________
9 HIV/AIDs prevalence and its impact until the last Ethiopian Fiscal Year.
1. Current cumulative number of people living with HIV/AIDs of the Kebele/HC.
4. Trends of the disease prevalence of the Kebele/HC till now.
Decreasing Increasing Constant
3. Affected population related to productivity age by percent.
Productive age _____ % Non-productive age _____ %
4. What are the causes for the prevalence of the disease?
___________________________________________________________________________
5. Comment on its future controlling mechanism based on existing situations.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

10. Major human diseases in the Kebele

_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
11. Number of schools, students and teachers in the Kebele
Ser. Schools Number of Schools Number of students Number of teachers
no by levels Private Gov. NGO Total Male Female Total Male Female Total
1 1-4
2 5-8
3 9-10
4 11-12
12. Major education problem/s in the Kebele

_______________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
13. List and number of institutions available in the kebele.
Ser.n Project Kebele
o Institutions Private Government NGO Total
1. FTCs
2. Animal clinics
3. Cultural institution
4. Others if any
14. Livestock population in the project Kebele

Number of the Major Livestock Diseases
S.N. Livestock Type
livestock
1 Cattle Cattle
Small Sheep
2
Ruminants Goats
Equines Donkey
Mule
3
Horses
Camel
4 Poultry Poultry
Beehives Modern
5 Transitional
Traditional

15. Main fodder source/s of livestock

Common grazing lands Fallow plots others (if any, specify)
Tree legumes Crop residues
______________________________________________________________________
16. Current problems related to fodder sources for livestock
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
17. Current livestock related major problems.
Breeding Health problems Grazing land problems
Market problems Water Others (specify, if any)
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
18. Number of potable water sources
S.no Existing Water supply sources Number of Schemes Remark
1 Springs
2 Rivers
3 Boreholes
4 Hand dug wells
5 Motorized pumps
6
19. Current problems related to water supply for human and livestock.
_________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
20. Outstanding development needs (by priority order)
Ser. Development needs Priority Remark
1. Water supply sources development
2. Irrigation development
3. Livestock development
4. Animal feed development
5. If any other needs, explain.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
21. Rural land related possible conflicts of the project site such as:
a) Cultivable related conflict;
b) Grazing land loss related conflict or
c) Community dislocation related conflict;
so far and how was the dispute solved or to be solved, if any?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
22. Is there any other resource use-based community conflict?
a) Yes b). No

If any, explain briefly. ______________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
23. Major community conflict bases of the area (by priory order)
Ser. Development needs Priority Remark
1. Grazing areas
2. Water points
3. Both grazing area and water points
4. Irrigable farmland
5. If any, explain briefly
If any, explain briefly. ______________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________
24. Major expected benefits of the water supply project in the kebele.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
25. Major expected problems or impacts expected from the water supply project.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
26. What solutions or mitigation measures must be implemented to overcome the problems?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
27. Any general comment regarding the project. ____________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Responder’s name: ________________________ Signature ______________

Institution: _______________________________________________________
Town/City: ________________ Tel. ______________________
Sub-city: _________________ Date: ___________________

Annex-16: Consulting firm legal documents
• Commercial Registration
• Trade License
• TIN Number
• VAT Registration
• Tax Clearance Certificate
• Consulting Firm Environmental Competence Certificates


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OROMIA WATER AND ENERGY BUREAU

BORANA RESILIENT WATER DEVELOPMENT FOR

UPDATED ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL

NATIONAL REGIONAL STATE OF OROMIA

BORANA RESILIENT WATER DEVELOPMENT FOR IMPROVED

UPDATED ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL

By: Excellence Environment and Development PLC

Excellence Environment and Development PLC September, 2023 i

Excellence Environment and Development PLC September, 2023 ii

3.2.9 Wildlife Policy ...................................................................................................................... 22

Excellence Environment and Development PLC September, 2023 iii

4.3.9 Public Health ........................................................................................................................ 44

Excellence Environment and Development PLC September, 2023 iv

7.3.16 Water supply line leakage impacts ..................................................................................... 83

Excellence Environment and Development PLC September, 2023 v

ANNEXES ............................................................................................................................................................... 132

Excellence Environment and Development PLC September, 2023 vi

Table4.1: Resilience of the water technology to climate change................................................................ 40

Figure2.1: Location of the Program area .................................................................................................... 10

Excellence Environment and Development PLC September, 2023 vii

AfDB African Development Bank

Excellence Environment and Development PLC September, 2023 viii

Excellence Environment and Development PLC September, 2023 ix

Excellence Environment and Development PLC September, 2023 x

Excellence Environment and Development PLC September, 2023 xi

Excellence Environment and Development PLC September, 2023 1

1.2 The Rationale of the ESMF

Excellence Environment and Development PLC September, 2023 2

• A number of sub-projects and components will be implemented through time;

1.3 Purposes and Objectives of ESMF

Excellence Environment and Development PLC September, 2023 3

1.3.2 Objectives of the ESMF

1.3.2.2 Specific Objectives

Excellence Environment and Development PLC September, 2023 4

1.4 Scope and Principles of the ESMF

1.4.2 Principles of the ESMF

1.5 Approaches and Methodologies during ESMF Preparation

Excellence Environment and Development PLC September, 2023 5

Approaches of the ESMF have included the following:

1.5.2.1 Literature Review

Excellence Environment and Development PLC September, 2023 6

1.5.2.2 Field observations

1.5.2.3 Stakeholder Consultations

1.5.2.4 Secondary Data Collection

Excellence Environment and Development PLC September, 2023 7

Excellence Environment and Development PLC September, 2023 8

2.1 Program Objective

2.2 Location and Water Accessibility of the Program

Excellence Environment and Development PLC September, 2023 9

Figure2.1: Location of the Program area

2.3 Program Design and Components

Excellence Environment and Development PLC September, 2023 10

2.3.1 Component 1-Water Infrastructure Development and improved sanitation.

Excellence Environment and Development PLC September, 2023 11

2.3.2 Component 2: Integrated Water Resources Management

2.3.3 Component 3: Project Management

2.4 Water Supply Components, Routes and Main Activities

Excellence Environment and Development PLC September, 2023 12

• Aquifer management systems, and