Module 6
Module 6
Module 6
Module-6
Jigs and Fixtures
Syllabus
Principles of clamping
1. Clamp should be simple, quick operating and fool proof
2. A required pressure should be exerted by the clamp on the
surface of workpiece
3. A clamp should not bend under the pressure
4. A clamp movement should be accurate and quick acting
5. Spring should be provided to avoid lifting of clamp by hand
6. A clamp should be provided such that , different operations
can be performed on the workpiece, without disturbing
clamp setting.
Correct and incorrect clamping examples
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Correct and incorrect clamping examples
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Correct and incorrect clamping examples
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Types of Clamping
5. Bridge clamp
7. Screw clamp
8. Hinged clamp
9. Latch clamp
10. Cam operated strap clamp
(Quick acting)
11 a.Free type C-clamp or C washer
11. C- clamp
Clamping by swing plates
Such clamping, typically shown in Fig. 8.1.19, are
simple and relatively quick in operation but is
suitable for jobs of relatively smaller size, simpler
shape and requiring lesser clamping forces.
Use of quick acting nut – a typical of such nut and its
application is visualized schematically in Fig
Bush Location
Tool Guide or Jig Bushing:
❖ Sometimes the stiffness of the cutting tool may be
insufficient to perform certain machining operations.
❖ Then to locate the tool relative to the work, use is
made of guiding parts such as jigs bushing and
templates.
❖ These must be precise, were resistance and
changeable.
❖ Jig bushes are used in drilling and boring, a bush fits
into the hole of the jig, through which the drill passes.
❖ The diameter of the bush depends on the diameter of
the drill. Different type of bushes are spot welded or
screwed with the jig.
❖ Headless type bushes are press fit into the hole of the
job. Bushes are general made of a good grade of tool
steel to insure hardening at a fairly no temperature and
to lesson the danger of fire cracking.
❖ Sometime the bushes for guiding tools may be of cast
iron.
❖ Hardened steel bushes are always preferable for
Press fit wearing bushes:
□ These bushes are used when little importance in put
on accuracy or finish and tool used is a twist drill.
These bushing are installed directly in the jig body
and are used mainly for short protection. There are
two design of press fit bushing:
□ A---Plain or headless bush
□ B--- Headed or flanged bush
Renewable bushes:
1.Templete Jig
2. Plate Type Jig
4. Swinging leaf type Jig
5. Channel Jig
Types of Fixtures
Indexing Methods
By rotating the component :- used in drilling, milling
and surface grinding
Indexing Devices
Indexing Plate
Pokayoke concept in jigs and fixtures
Question 3
Question 4
Answer
(iii) Design Considerations For Jigs
And Fixtures
Jigs and fixtures are manually or partially power operated
devices. To fulfil their basic purposes, jigs and fixtures
are comprised of several elements (as indicated in Fig.
8.1.3) :
• base and body or frame with clamping features
• locating elements for proper positioning and orientation
of the blank
• supporting surfaces and base
• clamping elements
• tool guiding frame and bushes (for jig)
• indexing plates or systems, if necessary
• auxiliary elements
• fastening parts
Therefore keeping in view increase in productivity, product quality, repeatability i.e.
interchangeability and overall economy in batch production by machining, the
following factors are essentially considered during design, fabrication and
assembly of jigs and fixtures :
• easy, quick and consistently accurate locating of the blank in the jig or fixture in
reference to the cutting tool
• providing strong, rigid and stable support to the blank
• quick, strong and rigid clamping of the blank in the jig or fixture without
interrupting any other operations
• tool guidance for slender cutting tools like drills and reamers
• easy and quick loading and unloading the job to and from the jig or fixture
• use of minimum number of parts for making the jig or fixture
• use of standard parts as much as possible
• reasonable amount of flexibility or adjustability, if feasible, to accommodate slight
variation in the job - dimensions.
• prevention of jamming of chips, i.e. wide chips-space and easy chip disposal
• easy, quick and accurate indexing system if required.
• easy and safe handling and moving the jig or fixture on the machine table, i.e., their
shape, size, weight and sharp edges and corners
• easy and quick removal and replacement of small parts
• manufacturability i.e. ease of manufacture
• durability and maintainability
• service life and overall expenses
(iv) Principles And Methods Of Locating,
Supporting And
Clamping Blanks And Tool Guidance In Jigs And
Fixtures
□ It is already emphasized that the main functions of the jigs and
fixtures are :
□ (a) easily, quickly, firmly and consistently accurately
■ • locating
■ • supporting and
■ • clamping
□ the blank (in the jig or fixture) in respect to the cutting tool(s)
□ (b) providing guidance to the slender cutting tools using proper
bushes
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