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Addendum

This document discusses the substantial time derivative and divergence of velocity in various coordinate systems. It also presents the Navier-Stokes equations in Cartesian, cylindrical, and spherical coordinates describing the motion of a Newtonian fluid with constant density.

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sarahvamp14
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28 views2 pages

Addendum

This document discusses the substantial time derivative and divergence of velocity in various coordinate systems. It also presents the Navier-Stokes equations in Cartesian, cylindrical, and spherical coordinates describing the motion of a Newtonian fluid with constant density.

Uploaded by

sarahvamp14
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Substantial time derivative of a scalar 𝝆

𝐷𝜌 𝜕𝜌
= + 𝐯 ∙ 𝛁ρ
𝐷𝑡 𝜕𝑡
𝛁 ∙ v expression in various coordinate systems

Cartesian coordinates
𝜕v𝑥 𝜕v𝑦 𝜕v𝑧
𝛁∙𝐯 = + +
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
Cylindrical coordinates
1 𝜕 1 𝜕v𝜃 𝜕v𝑧
𝛁∙𝐯 = 𝑟v𝑟 + +
𝑟 𝜕𝑟 𝑟 𝜕𝜃 𝜕𝑧
Spherical coordinates
1 𝜕 2 1 𝜕 v𝜃 sin 𝜃 1 𝜕v𝜙
𝛁∙𝐯= 2
𝑟 v𝑟 + +
𝑟 𝜕𝑟 𝑟 sin 𝜃 𝜕𝜃 𝑟 sin 𝜃 𝜕𝜙

Equation of motion for a Newtonian fluid with constant density (Navier-Stokes equation)

𝐷𝐯
𝜌 = 𝜇𝛁 2 𝐯 − 𝛁𝑝 + 𝜌𝒈
𝐷𝑡
Cartesian coordinates

𝑥-component in Cartesian coordinates:


𝜕v𝑥 𝜕v𝑥 𝜕v𝑥 𝜕v𝑥 𝜕 2 v𝑥 𝜕 2 v𝑥 𝜕 2 v𝑥 𝜕𝑝
𝜌 + v𝑥 + v𝑦 + v𝑧 =𝜇 2
+ 2
+ 2
− + 𝜌𝑔𝑥
𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑥
𝑦-component in Cartesian coordinates:
𝜕v𝑦 𝜕v𝑦 𝜕v𝑦 𝜕v𝑦 𝜕 2 v𝑦 𝜕 2 v𝑦 𝜕 2 v𝑦 𝜕𝑝
𝜌 + v𝑥 + v𝑦 + v𝑧 =𝜇 2
+ 2
+ 2
− + 𝜌𝑔𝑦
𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑦

𝑧-component in Cartesian coordinates:


𝜕v𝑧 𝜕v𝑧 𝜕v𝑧 𝜕v𝑧 𝜕 2 v𝑧 𝜕 2 v𝑧 𝜕 2 v𝑧 𝜕𝑝
𝜌 + v𝑥 + v𝑦 + v𝑧 =𝜇 2
+ 2
+ 2
− + 𝜌𝑔𝑧
𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑧
Cylindrical coordinates

𝑟-component in cylindrical coordinates:


𝜕v𝑟 𝜕v𝑟 v𝜃 𝜕v𝑟 v𝜃 2 𝜕v𝑟 𝜕 1 𝜕 𝑟v𝑟 1 𝜕 2 v𝑟 2 𝜕v𝜃 𝜕 2 v𝑟 𝜕𝑝
𝜌 + v𝑟 + − + v𝑧 =𝜇 + 2 2
− 2 + 2
− + 𝜌𝑔𝑟
𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑟 𝑟 𝜕𝜃 𝑟 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑟 𝑟 𝜕𝑟 𝑟 𝜕𝜃 𝑟 𝜕𝜃 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑟
𝜃-component in cylindrical coordinates:
𝜕v𝜃 𝜕v𝜃 v𝜃 𝜕v𝜃 v𝜃 v𝑟 𝜕v𝜃 𝜕 1 𝜕 𝑟v𝜃 1 𝜕 2 v𝜃 2 𝜕v𝑟 𝜕 2 v𝜃 1 𝜕𝑝
𝜌 + v𝑟 + + + v𝑧 =𝜇 + 2 2
+ 2 + 2
− + 𝜌𝑔𝜃
𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑟 𝑟 𝜕𝜃 𝑟 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑟 𝑟 𝜕𝑟 𝑟 𝜕𝜃 𝑟 𝜕𝜃 𝜕𝑧 𝑟 𝜕𝜃
𝑧-component in cylindrical coordinates:
𝜕v𝑧 𝜕v𝑧 v𝜃 𝜕v𝑧 𝜕v𝑧 1 𝜕 𝜕v𝑧 1 𝜕 2 v𝑧 𝜕 2 v𝑧 𝜕𝑝
𝜌 + v𝑟 + + v𝑧 =𝜇 𝑟 + 2 2
+ 2
− + 𝜌𝑔𝑧
𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑟 𝑟 𝜕𝜃 𝜕𝑧 𝑟 𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝑟 𝑟 𝜕𝜃 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑧

Spherical coordinates

𝑟-component in spherical coordinates:


𝜕v𝑟 𝜕v𝑟 v𝜃 𝜕v𝑟 v𝜙 𝜕v𝑟 v𝜃 2 + v𝜙 2 1 𝜕2 1 𝜕 𝜕v𝑟 1 𝜕 2 v𝑟 𝜕𝑝
𝜌 + v𝑟 + + − = 𝜇 2 2 𝑟 2 v𝑟 + 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 + 2 2 2
− + 𝜌𝑔𝑟
𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑟 𝑟 𝜕𝜃 𝑟 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 𝜕𝜙 r 𝑟 𝜕𝑟 𝑟 sin 𝜃 𝜕𝜃 𝜕𝜃 𝑟 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 𝜕𝜙 𝜕𝑟

1
𝜃-component in spherical coordinates:
𝜕v𝜃 𝜕v𝜃 v𝜃 𝜕v𝜃 v𝜙 𝜕v𝜃 v𝜃 v𝑟 − v𝜙 2 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝜃
𝜌 + v𝑟 + + +
𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑟 𝑟 𝜕𝜃 𝑟 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 𝜕𝜙 r
1 𝜕 𝜕v𝜃 1 𝜕 1 𝜕 1 𝜕 2 v𝜃 2 𝜕v𝑟 2 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝜃 𝜕v𝜙 1 𝜕𝑝
=𝜇 𝑟2 + 2 v 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 + + − − + 𝜌𝑔𝜃
𝑟 2 𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝑟 𝑟 𝜕𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 𝜕𝜃 𝜃 𝑟 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 𝜕𝜙 2 𝑟 2 𝜕𝜃 𝑟 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 𝜕𝜙 𝑟 𝜕𝜃

𝜙-component in spherical coordinates:


𝜕v𝜙 𝜕v𝜙 v𝜃 𝜕v𝜙 v𝜙 𝜕v𝜙 v𝜙 v𝑟 + v𝜃 v𝜙 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝜃
𝜌 + v𝑟 + + +
𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑟 𝑟 𝜕𝜃 𝑟 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 𝜕𝜙 r
1 𝜕 𝜕v𝜙 1 𝜕 1 𝜕 1 𝜕 2 v𝜙 2 𝜕v𝑟 2 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝜃 𝜕v𝜃 1 𝜕𝑝
=𝜇 𝑟2 + 2 v 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 + + + − + 𝜌𝑔𝜙
𝑟 2 𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝑟 𝑟 𝜕𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 𝜕𝜃 𝜙 𝑟 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 𝜕𝜙 2 𝑟 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 𝜕𝜙 𝑟 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 𝜕𝜙 𝑟 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 𝜕𝜙

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