Part-B Unit-2 AI Project Cycle
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Aradhy JainPart-B Unit-2 AI Project Cycle
Uploaded by
Aradhy JainClass IX
Project Life Cycle Notes
1. What is Project Cycle? What is the need of an AI Project Cycle? Explain.
Project cycle is the process of planning, organizing, coordinating, and finally developing a project
effectively throughout its phases, from planning through execution then completion and review to
achieve pre-defined objectives.
The major role of AI Project Cycle is to distribute the development of AI project in various stages so
that the development becomes easier, clearly understandable and the steps / stages should become
more specific to efficiently get the best possible output.
2. Explain the AI Project Cycle in detail.
The steps involved in AI project cycle are as given:
Problem Scoping The first step is Scope the Problem by which, you set the goal for your AI project
by stating the problem which you wish to solve with it. Under problem scoping, we look at various
parameters which affect the problem we wish to solve so that the picture becomes clearer
Data Acquisition Next step is to acquire data which will become the base of your project as it will
help you in understanding what the parameters that are related to problem scoping.
Data Exploration. Since the data you collect would be in large quantities, you can try to give it a
visual image of different types of representations like graphs, databases, flow charts, maps, etc. This
makes it easier for you to interpret the patterns in which your acquired data follows.
Modelling After exploring the patterns, you can decide upon the type of model you would build to
achieve the goal.
Evaluation is a process of understanding the reliability of any AI model, based on outputs by feeding
the test dataset into the model and comparing it with actual answers.
3. Draw the 4Ws problem canvas and explain each one of them briefly.
The 4Ws problem canvas is the basic template while scoping a problem and using this canvas, the
picture becomes clearer while we are working to solve it.
a) Who: Who are the ‘stakeholders’ to this problem are and what you know about them. Stakeholders
are the people
b) What: Under the “What” block, you need to look into what you have on hand. At this stage, you
need to determine the nature of the problem.
c) Where: In this block, you need to focus on the context/situation/location of the problem.
d) Why: in the “Why” canvas, think about the benefits which the stakeholders would get from the
solution and how would it benefit them as well as the society.
4. What is Data Acquisition stage? What are the different types of sources of data from where
we can collect reliable and authentic datasets? Explain in brief.
Data can be a piece of information or facts and statistics collected together for reference or analysis.
Data acquisition is process of collecting data needed for AI project.
There could be many ways and sources from where we can collect reliable and authentic datasets
namely Surveys, Web scrapping, Sensors, Cameras, Observations, Research, Investigation, API etc.
Sometimes Internet is also used to acquire data.
Some reliable data sources are UN, Google scholar, Finance, CIA, Data.gov etc.
5. Mention the precautions to be taken while acquiring data for developing an AI Project.
It should be from an authentic source, and accurate. Look for redundant and irrelevant data
parameters that does not take part in prediction.
6. Explain Data Exploration stage.
In this stage of project cycle, we try to interpret some useful information out of the data we have
acquired. For this purpose, we need to explore the data and try to put it uniformly for a better
understanding.
7. What do you mean by Data Features?
The type of data to collect, It should be relevant data.
8. What is AI Approaches?
Artificial Intelligence, or AI for short, refers to any technique that enables computers to mimic human
intelligence. The method of achieving artificial intelligence (AI) is known as AI approach. There
are two type of AI approaches a. Rule Based b. Learning Based.
9. What do you mean by Rule based Approach?
A Rule-based approach is generally based on the data and rules fed to the machine, where the
machine reacts accordingly to deliver the desired output. In other words, rule-based learning
follows the relationship or patterns in data defined by the developer.
10. What is Decision Tree?
It is a rule-based AI model which helps the machine in predicting what an element is with the help of
various decisions (or rules) fed to it. Decision trees usually consist of three different elements: the
root or start node, the branches, and the leaf node
11. What are the advantages and disadvantages of a decision tree?
Advantages of Decision Trees.
o Decision trees are simple
o Interpretability.
o Less Data Preparation.
o Versatility.
o Non-Linearity.
Disadvantages of Decision Tree.
o Overfitting.
o Feature Reduction & Data Resampling.
o Need of Optimization.
12. Define Learning Based Approach?
Learning Based Approach Refers to the AI modelling where the relationship or patterns in data are
not defined by the developer. In this approach, random data is fed to the machine and it is left on the
machine to figure out patterns and trends out of it. Generally this approach is followed when the data
is unlabeled and too random for a human to make sense out of it.
There are three types of learning based approach –
Supervised Learning
Unsupervised Learning
Reinforcement Learning
13. Define Machine Learning.
Machine Learning, or ML for short, enables machines to improve at tasks with experience. The
machine here learns from the new data fed to it while testing and uses it for the next iteration. It also
takes into account the times when it went wrong and considers the exceptions too.
14. Write different Applications of Machine
learning ·
a. Image Recognition: ·
b. Speech Recognition ·
c. Traffic prediction: ·
d. Product recommendations: ·
e. Self-driving cars: ·
f. Email Spamming
16. What is deep learning?
Deep Learning, or DL for short, enables software to
train itself to perform tasks with vast amounts of data. Since the system has got huge set of data, it is
able to train itself with the help of multiple machine learning algorithms working altogether to perform
a specific task.
17. What is the difference between artificial learning and machine learning?
Artificial intelligence is a technology that enables a machine to simulate human behavior. Machine
learning is a subset of AI which allows a machine to automatically learn from past data without
programming explicitly. The goal of AI is to make a smart computer system like humans to solve
complex problems.
18. Five sustainable Development Goals are mentioned below. Write 2 problems under each
goal that you think should be addressed for achieving the goal.
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) or Global Goals are a collection of 17 interlinked goals
designed to be a "blueprint to achieve a better and more sustainable future for all" so that the future
generations may live in peace and prosperity.
a. Quality Education:
i. Providing education remotely, leveraging hi-tech, low-tech and no-tech approaches;
ii. Ensure coordinated responses and avoid overlapping efforts;
iii. Ensuring return of students to school when they reopen to avoid an upsurge in dropout rates.
b. Reduced inequalities:
i. Reduction of relative economic inequalities inequality in some countries having poorest and most
vulnerable communities.
ii. Improving the situations in countries with weaker health systems.
c. Life on Land:
i. Prevention of Deforestation caused by humans and restoration of land
ii. Preventions and cure of diseases that are transmissible between animals and humans
d. No Poverty
i. Creation of Strong social protection systems to prevent people from falling into poverty
ii. Reduction of social exclusion, and high vulnerability of certain populations to disasters and
diseases.
iii. Responsible distribution of resources.
e. Clean Water and Sanitation
i. To increase access to clean drinking water and sanitation mostly in rural areas
ii. Managing our water sustainably to manage our production of food and energy.
