SDM630-Modbus V2 USER MANUAL V1.

6B

SDM630-Modbus V2
DIN Rail Smart Meter for Single and Three Phase Electrical Systems

⚫ Measures kWh Kvarh, KW, Kvar, KVA, P,

F, PF, Hz, dmd, V, A, etc.
⚫ Bi-directional measurement IMP & EXP
⚫ Two pulse outputs
⚫ RS485 Modbus
⚫ Din rail mounting 35mm
⚫ 80A direct connection
⚫ Better than Class 1 / B accuracy

USER MANUAL
2021 V1.6B

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 SDM630-Modbus V2 USER MANUAL V1.6B

Introduction
The SDM630-Modbus V2 measures and displays the characteristics of single phase two wires (1p2w), three
phase three wires (3p3w,) and three phase four wires(3p4w) supplies, including voltage, frequency, current,
power, active and reactive energy, imported or exported. Energy is measured in terms of kWh, kVArh. It
follows the calculation mode of net-counting (Total=import-export). Maximum demand current can be
measured over preset periods of up to 60 minutes. In order to measure energy, the unit requires voltage
and current inputs in addition to the supply required to power the product.
SDM630-Modbus V2 supports max. 80A direct connection, saves the cost and avoid the trouble to connect
external CTs, giving the unit a cost-effective and easy operation. Built-in interfaces provide pulse and RS485
Modbus RTU outputs. Configuration is password protected.

Unit Characteristics
The Unit can measure and display:
⚫ Line voltage and THD% (total harmonic distortion) of all phases
⚫ Line Frequency
⚫ Currents, Current demands and current THD% of all phases
⚫ Power, maximum power demand and power factor
⚫ Active energy imported and exported
⚫ Reactive energy imported and exported

The unit has password-protected set-up screens for:

⚫ Changing password
⚫ Supply system selection 1p2w, 3p3w,3p4w
⚫ Demand Interval Time (DIT)
⚫ Reset for demand measurements
⚫ Pulse output duration

Two pulse outputs indicate real-time energy measurement. An RS485 output allows remote monitoring
from another display or a computer.

RS485 Serial–Modbus RTU

This uses an RS485 serial port with Modbus RTU protocol to provide a means of remotely monitoring and
controlling the Unit.
Set-up screens are provided for setting up the RS485 port.

Pulse Output
This provides two pulse outputs that clock up measured active and reactive energy. The constant of pulse
output 2 for only import active energy is 400imp/kWh (unconfigurable), its width is fixed at 100ms.
The default constant of configurable pulse output 1 is 400imp/kWh, default pulse width is
100ms. The configurable pulse output 1 can be set from the set-up menu.

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 SDM630-Modbus V2 USER MANUAL V1.6B

Start-up Screens

1 The first screen lights up all display segments and can

be used as a display check.

2 The second screen indicates the firmware installed in

the unit and its build number.
*The build number (1.302.2019) is for reference only.
The actual build number changes according to product
requirements.

3 The interface performs a self-test and indicates the

result if the test passes.

After a short delay, the screen will display active energy measurements.

Measurements
The buttons operate as follows:
1 Selects the Voltage and Current display screens
In Set-up Mode, this is the “Left” or “Back”
button.
2 Select the Frequency and Power factor display
screens
In Set-up Mode, this is the “Up” button
3 Select the Power display screens
In Set-up Mode, this is the “Down” button

4 Select the Energy display screens

In Set-up mode, this is the “Enter” or “Right”
button

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 SDM630-Modbus V2 USER MANUAL V1.6B

Voltage and Current

Each successive pressing of the button selects a new range:

1-1 Phase to neutral voltages(3p4w)

1-2 Phase to neutral voltages(3p3w)

2 Current on each phase

3-1 Phase to neutral voltage THD%(3p4w)

3-2 Phase to neutral voltage THD%(3p3w)

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 SDM630-Modbus V2 USER MANUAL V1.6B

4 Current THD% for each phase

Frequency and Power Factor and Demand

Each successive pressing of the button selects a new range:

1 Frequency and Power Factor (total)

2 Power Factor of each phase

3 Maximum Power Demand

4 Maximum Current Demand

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 SDM630-Modbus V2 USER MANUAL V1.6B

Power

Each successive pressing of the button select a new range:

1 Instantaneous Active Power in kW

2 Instantaneous Reactive Power in kVAr

3 Instantaneous Volt-amps in KVA

4 Total kW, kVArh, kVA

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 SDM630-Modbus V2 USER MANUAL V1.6B

Energy Measurements

Each successive pressing of the button selects a new range:

1-1 Imported active energy in kWh

1-2 Exported active energy in kWh

2-1 Imported reactive energy in kVArh

2-2 Exported reactive energy in kVArh

3-1 Total active energy in kWh

Net-count measurement! (Total = import - export)

* Please read from top left to bottom right.

The display here shows 087031.4 kWh as a total.

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 SDM630-Modbus V2 USER MANUAL V1.6B

3-2 Total reactive energy in kVArh

* Please read from top left to bottom right.

It’s similar to 3-1.

Set-up

To enter set-up mode, pressing the button for 3 seconds, until the password screen appears.

Setting up is password-protected so you must enter the correct password (default ‘1000’) before processing.
If an incorrect password is entered, the display will show: PASS Err

To exit setting-up mode, press repeatedly until the measurement screen is restored.

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 SDM630-Modbus V2 USER MANUAL V1.6B

Set-up Entry Methods

Some menu items, such as password, require a four-digit number entry while others, such as supply system,
require selection from a number of menu options.

Menu Option Selection

1) Use the and buttons to select the required item from the menu. Selection does not
roll over between bottom and top of list.

2) Press to confirm your selection.

3) If an item flashes, then it can be adjusted by the and buttons. If not, there maybe a
further layer.

4) Having selected an option from the current layer, press to confirm your selection. The SET
indicator will appear.

5) Having completed a parameter setting, press to return to a higher menu level. The SET indicator

will be removed and you will be able to use the and buttons for further menu selection.

6) On completion of all set-up, press repeatedly until the measurement screen is restored.

Number Entry Procedure

When setting up the unit, some screens require the entering of a number. In particular, on entry to the
setting up section, a password must be entered. Digits are set individually, from left to right. The procedure
is as follows:

1) The current digit to be set flashes and is set using the and buttons.

2) Press to confirm each digit setting. The SET indicator appears after the last digit has been set.

3) After setting the last digit, press to exit the number setting routine.

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 SDM630-Modbus V2 USER MANUAL V1.6B

Change Password

1
Use the and to choose the change
password option.

2-1
Press the to enter the change password
routine. The new password screen will appear with the
first digit flashing.

2-2
Use and to set the first digit and

press to confirm your selection. The next digit

will flash.

2-3 Repeat the procedure for the remaining three digits

2-4 After setting the last digit, SET will show.

Press to exit the number setting routine and return to the Set-up menu. SET will be removed.

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 SDM630-Modbus V2 USER MANUAL V1.6B

DIT Demand Integration Time

This sets the period in minutes over which the current and power readings are integrated for maximum
demand measurement. The options are: 0, 5, 8, 10, 15, 20, 30, 60 minutes
1
From the set-up menu, use and
buttons to select the DIT option. The screen will show
the currently selected integration time.

2-1
Press to enter the selection routine.
The current time interval will flash.

2-2
Use and buttons to select the time
required.

2-3
Press to confirm the selection. SET indicator
will appear.

Press to exit the DIT selection routine and

return to the menu.

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 SDM630-Modbus V2 USER MANUAL V1.6B

Backlit Set-up

1 The backlit lasting time is settable.

Default lasting time is 60minutes.
For example, if it’s set as 5, the backlit will be off in
5minutes from the last time operation on the meter.

2
Press to enter the selection routine. The
current time interval will flash
The options can be:
0(always on),5,10,30,60,120minutes

Use and buttons to select the time interval. Press to confirm the set-up.

Supply System
Use this section to set the type of electrical system.
1
From the Set-up menu, use and
buttons to select the System option. The screen will
show the currently selected system type.

2-1
Press to enter the selection routine. The
current selection will flash

2-2
Use and buttons to select the
required system option: 1P2(W),3P3(W) ,3P4(W)

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 SDM630-Modbus V2 USER MANUAL V1.6B

2-3
Press to confirm the selection. SET indicator
will appear.

Press to exit the system selection routine and return to the menu. SET will disappear and you will
be returned to the main Set-up Menu.

Pulse Output
This option allows you to configure the pulse output 1. The output can be set to provide a pulse for a
defined amount of energy active or reactive.
Use this section to set up the pulse output for:
Total kWh/ Total kVArh
Import kWh/Export kWh
Import KVArh/Export KVArh
1
From the Set-up menu, use and
buttons to select the Pulse output option.

2-1
Press to enter the selection routine. The unit
symbol will flash.

2-2
Use and buttons to choose the
selection .

Press to confirm the setting and press to return to the main set up menu.

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 SDM630-Modbus V2 USER MANUAL V1.6B

Pulse Rate
Use this to set the energy represented by each pulse. Rate can be set to 1 pulse per
dFt/0.01/0.1/1/10/100kWh/kVArh.

(It shows 1 pulse = 10kWh/kVArh)

1
From the Set-up menu, use and
buttons to select the Pulse Rate option.

2
Press to enter the selection routine. The
current setting will flash.
Note: When it’s dFt,
it means 2.5Wh/VArh

Use and buttons to choose pulse rate. On completion of the entry procedure, press

to confirm the setting and press to return to the main set up menu.

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 SDM630-Modbus V2 USER MANUAL V1.6B

Pulse Duration
The energy monitored can be active or reactive and the pulse width can be selected as
200, 100(default) or 60ms.

(It shows pulse width of 200ms)

1-1
From the Set-up menu, use and
buttons to select the Pulse width option.

1-2
Press to enter the selection routine. The
current setting will flash.

Use and buttons to choose pulse width. On Completion of the entry procedure, press

to confirm the setting and press to return to the main

set -up menu.

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 SDM630-Modbus V2 USER MANUAL V1.6B

Communication
There is a RS485 port can be used for communication using Modbus RTU protocol. For Modbus RTU,
parameters are selected from Front panel.

RS485 Address

(The range is from 001 to 247)

1
From the Set-up menu, use and
buttons to select the Address ID.

2-1
Press button to enter the selection routine.
The current setting will be flashing.

2-2
Use and buttons to choose Modbus
Address(001 to 247)

On completion of the entry procedure, press button to confirm the setting and press
button to return the main set-up menu.

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 SDM630-Modbus V2 USER MANUAL V1.6B

Baud Rate

1
From the Set-up menu, use and
buttons to select the Baud Rate option.

2-1
Press to enter the selection routine. The
current setting will flash.

2-2
Use and buttons to choose Baud rate
2.4k. 4.8k, 9.6k, 19.2k, 38.4k

On completion of the entry procedure, press to confirm the setting and press to return
to the main set-up menu.

Parity

1
From the Set-up menu, use and
buttons to select the Parity option.

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 SDM630-Modbus V2 USER MANUAL V1.6B

2-1
Press to enter the selection routine. The
current setting will flash.

2-2
Use and buttons to choose Parity
(EVEN / ODD / NONE)

On Completion of the entry procedure, press to confirm the setting and press to return
to the main set-up menu.

Stop Bits

1
From the Set-up menu, use and
buttons to select the Stop Bit option.

2-1
Press to enter the selection routine. The
current setting will flash.

2-2
Use and buttons to choose Stop Bit
(2 or 1)

On completion of the entry procedure, press to confirm the setting and press to return

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 SDM630-Modbus V2 USER MANUAL V1.6B

to the main set up menu.

Note: Default is 1, and only when the parity is NONE that the stop bit can be changed to 2.

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 SDM630-Modbus V2 USER MANUAL V1.6B

CLR
The meter provides a function to reset the maximum demand value of current and power.
1
From the Set-up menu, use and
buttons to select the reset option.

2
Press to enter the selection routine. The MD
will flash.

Press to confirm the setting and press to return to the main set up menu.

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 SDM630-Modbus V2 USER MANUAL V1.6B

Specifications

Measured Parameters
The unit can monitor and display the following parameters of a single phase two wire(1p2w), three phase
three wire(3p3w) or four phase four wire(3p4w) supply.

Voltage and Current

Phase to neutral voltages 100 to 289V a.c. (not for 3p3w supplies)
Voltages between phases 173 to 500V a.c. (3p supplies only)
Percentage total voltage harmonic distortion (THD%) for each phase to N ( not for 3p3w supplies)
Percentage voltage THD% between phases (three phase supplies only)
Current THD% for each phase

Power Factor and Frequency and Max. Demand

Frequency in Hz
Instantaneous power:
Power 0 to 99999 W
Reactive Power 0 to 99999 VAr
Volt-amps 0 to 99999 VA
Maximum demanded power since last Demand reset Power factor
Maximum neutral demand current, since the last Demand reset (for 3p4w supply only)

Energy Measurements
⚫ Imported active energy 0 to 999999.99 kWh
⚫ Exported active energy 0 to 999999.99 kWh
⚫ Imported reactive energy 0 to 999999.99 kVArh
⚫ Exported reactive energy 0 to 999999.99 kVArh
⚫ Total active energy 0 to 999999.99 kWh
⚫ Total reactive energy 0 to 999999.99 kVArh

Measured Inputs
Voltage inputs through 4-way fixed connector with 25mm² stranded wire capacity. single phase two
wire(1p2w), three phase three wire(3p3w) or four phase four wire(3p4w) unbalanced. Line frequency
measured from L1 voltage or L3 voltage.

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 SDM630-Modbus V2 USER MANUAL V1.6B

Accuracy
⚫ Voltage 0·5% of range maximum
⚫ Current 0·5% of nominal
⚫ Frequency 0·2% of mid-frequency
⚫ Power factor 1% of unity (0.01)
⚫ Active power (W) ±1% of range maximum
⚫ Reactive power (VAr) ±1% of range maximum
⚫ Apparent power (VA) ±1% of range maximum
⚫ Active energy (Wh) Class 1 IEC 62053-21
Class B EN50470-1/3
⚫ Reactive energy (VArh) Class 2 IEC 62053-23
⚫ Response time to step input 1s, typical, to >99% of final reading, at 50 Hz.

Interfaces for External Monitoring

Three interfaces are provided:
⚫ RS485 communication channel that via protocol remotely.
⚫ Pulse output(Pulse 1) indicating real-time measured energy.(configurable)
⚫ an Pulse output(Pulse 2) 400imp/kWh(non-configurable)
The Modbus configuration (Baud rate etc.) and the pulse output assignments (kW/kVArh, import/export
etc.) are configured through the Set-up screens.

Pulse Output
The unit provides two pulse outputs. Both pulse outputs are passive type.
Pulse output 1 is configurable. The pulse output can be set to generate pulses to represent total / import or
export for kWh or kVarh.
The pulse constant can be set to generate 1 pulse per:
dFt = 2.5 Wh/VArh
0.01 = 10 Wh/VArh
0.1 = 100 Wh/VArh
1 = 1 kWh/kVArh
10 = 10 kWh/kVArh
100 = 100 kWh/kVArh
Pulse width: 200/100/60ms

Pulse output 2 is non-configurable. It is fixed up with active import kWh. The constant is 400imp/kWh.

As a hint, the meter can provide both S0 pulse output at the same time. For example you can use pulse
output 1 for export active energy and pulse output two tor import active energy.

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 SDM630-Modbus V2 USER MANUAL V1.6B

RS485 Output for Modbus RTU

For Modbus RTU, the following RS485 communication parameters can be configured from the Set-up menu:
Baud rate 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200, 38400
Parity none (default)/odd/even
Stop bits 1 or 2
RS485 network address nnn – 3-digit number, 001 to 247
Modbus™ Word order Hi/Lo byte order is set automatically to normal or reverse. It cannot be
configured from the set-up menu.

Reference Conditions of Influence Quantities

Influence Quantities are variables that affect measurement errors to a minor degree. Accuracy is verified
under nominal value (within the specified tolerance) of these conditions.
⚫ Ambient temperature 23°C ±1°C
⚫ Input frequency 50Hz(MID)
50 or 60Hz ±2%(non-MID)
⚫ Input waveform Sinusoidal (distortion factor < 0·005)
⚫ Magnetic field of external origin Terrestrial flux

Environment
⚫ Operating temperature 3K6(-25°C to +55°C*),Default
3K7(-40°C to +70°C*)
⚫ Storage temperature -40°C to +70°C*
⚫ Relative humidity 0 to 90%, non-condensing
⚫ Altitude Up to 2000m
⚫ Warm up time 5S
⚫ Vibration 10Hz to 50Hz, IEC 60068-2-6, 2g
⚫ Shock 30g in 3 planes

* Maximum operating and storage temperatures are in the context of typical daily and seasonal variation.

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SDM630-Modbus V2 USER MANUAL V1.6B

Dimensions

Wiring Guide

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SDM630-Modbus V2 USER MANUAL V1.6B

Wiring diagram

⚫ Three Phase Three Wires：

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SDM630-Modbus V2 USER MANUAL V1.6B

⚫ Three Phase Four Wires：

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SDM630-Modbus V2 USER MANUAL V1.6B

⚫ Single Phase two Wires：

Zhejiang Eastron Electronic Co., Ltd. / Jiaxing PRC

If you have any question, please feel free to contact our German sales team.
B+G e-tech GmbH • Franz-Mehring-Str. 36 • DE 01979 Lauchhammer
Telefon / WhatsApp: +49 3574 467550 • Fax: +49 3574 467550
Web: www.eastron-germany.de • E-Mail: [email protected]

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 SDM630-Modbus V2 USER MANUAL V1.6B

1.Eastron SDM630Modbus Smart Meter Modbus Protocol Implementation V1.6B

1.1 Modbus Protocol Overview

This section provides basic information for interfacing the Eastron Smart meter to a Modbus Protocol network. If background information
or more details of the Eastron implementation is required please refer to section 2 and 3 of this document.

Eastron offers the option of an RS485 communication facility for direct connection to SCADA or other communications systems using the
Modbus Protocol RTU salve protocol. The Modbus Protocol establishes the format for the master’s query by placing into it the device
address, a function code defining the requested action, any data to be sent, and an error checking field. The slave’s response message is
also constructed using Modbus Protocol. It contains fields confirming the action taken, any data to be returned, and an error-checking
field. If an error occurs in receipt of the message, SDM630Modbus will make no response. If the SDM630Modbus is unable to perform
the requested action, it will construct an error message and send it as the response.

The electrical interface is 2-wire RS485, via 2 screw terminals. Connection should be made using twisted pair screened cable (Typically
22 gauge Belden 8761 or equivalent). All "A" and "B" connections are daisy chained together. Line topology may or may not require
terminating loads depending on the type and length of cable used. Loop (ring) topology does not require any termination load. The
impedance of the termination load should match the impedance of the cable and be at both ends of the line. The cable should be
terminated at each end with a 120 ohm (0.25 Watt min.) resistor. A total maximum length of 3900 feet (1200 meters) is allowed for the
RS485 network. A maximum of 32 electrical nodes can be connected, including the controller. The address of each Eastron can be set to
any value between 1 and 247. Broadcast mode (address 0) is supported.

The format for each byte in RTU mode is:

Coding System: 8-bit per byte
Data Format: 4 bytes (2 registers) per parameter.
Floating point format ( to IEEE 754)
Most significant register first (Default). The default may be changed if required -See Holding Register
"Register Order" parameter.
Error Check Field: 2 byte Cyclical Redundancy Check (CRC)
Framing: 1 start bit
8 data bits, least significant bit sent first
1 bit for even/odd parity (or no parity)
1 stop bit if parity is used; 1 or 2 bits if no parity
Data Coding
All data values in the SDM630Modbus smart meter are transferred as 32 bit IEEE754 floating point numbers, (input and output) therefore
each SDM630Modbus meter value is transferred using two Modbus Protocol registers. All register read requests and data write requests
must specify an even number of registers. Attempts to read/write an odd number of registers prompt the SDM630Modbus smart meter to
return a Modbus Protocol exception message. However, for compatibility with some SCADA systems, SDM630Modbus Smart meter will
response to any single input or holding register read with an instrument type specific value.

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 SDM630-Modbus V2 USER MANUAL V1.6B

The SDM630Modbus can transfer a maximum of 40 values in a single transaction; therefore the maximum number of registers
requestable is 80. Exceeding this limit prompts the SDM630Modbus to generate an exception response.

Data transmission speed is selectable between 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200, 38400, 115200 baud.

1.2 Input register

Input registers are used to indicate the present values of the measured and calculated electrical quantities. Each parameter is held in two
consecutive16 bit register.The following table details the 3X register address, and the values of the address bytes within the message. A
(*) in the column indicates that the parameter is valid for the particular wiring system. Any parameter with a cross(X) will return the value
zero. Each parameter is held in the 3X registers. Modbus Protocol function code 04 is used to access all parameters.
For example, to request: Amps 1 Start address=0006
No. of registers =0002
Amps 2 Start address=0008
No. of registers=0002
Each request for data must be restricted to 40 parameters or less. Exceeding the 40 parameter limit will cause a Modbus Protocol
exception code to be returned.

1.2.1 SDM630Modbus Input Registers

Modbus
SDM630Modbus Input Register 3 3 1
Protocol Start
Parameter Ø Ø Ø
Address Parameter Address Hex
(Register) Number Hi Lo 4 3 2
Description Units
Byte Byte W W W
30001 1 Phase 1 line to neutral volts. Volts 00 00 √ X √

30003 2 Phase 2 line to neutral volts. Volts 00 02 √ X X

30005 3 Phase 3 line to neutral volts. Volts 00 04 √ X X

30007 4 Phase 1 current. Amps 00 06 √ √ √

30009 5 Phase 2 current. Amps 00 08 √ √ X

30011 6 Phase 3 current. Amps 00 0A √ √ X

30013 7 Phase 1 power. Watts 00 0C √ X √

30015 8 Phase 2 power. Watts 00 0E √ X √

30017 9 Phase 3 power. Watts 00 10 √ X X

30019 10 Phase 1 volt amps. VA 00 12 √ X √

30021 11 Phase 2 volt amps. VA 00 14 √ X X

30023 12 Phase 3 volt amps. VA 00 16 √ X X

30025 13 Phase 1 volt amps reactive. VAr 00 18 √ X √

30027 14 Phase 2 volt amps reactive. VAr 00 1A √ X X

30029 15 Phase 3 volt amps reactive. VAr 00 1C √ X X

30031 16 Phase 1 power factor (1). None 00 1E √ X √

30033 17 Phase 2 power factor (1). None 00 20 √ X X

30035 18 Phase 3 power factor (1). None 00 22 √ X X
30037 19 Phase 1 phase angle. Degree 00 24 √ X √

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 SDM630-Modbus V2 USER MANUAL V1.6B

30039 20 Phase 2 phase angle. Degree 00 26 √ X X

s

30041 21 Phase 3 phase angle. Degree 00 28 √ X X

s

30043 22 Average line to neutral volts. Volts 00 2A √ X X

30047 24 Average line current. Amps 00 2E √ √ √

30049 25 Sum of line currents. Amps 00 30 √ √ √

30053 27 Total system power. Watts 00 34 √ √ √

30057 29 Total system volt amps. VA 00 38 √ √ √

30061 31 Total system VAr. VAr 00 3C √ √ √

30063 32 Total system power factor (1). None 00 3E √ √ √

30067 34 Total system phase angle. Degree 00 42 √ √ √

s
30071 36 Frequency of supply voltages. Hz 00 46 √ √ √

30073 37 Import Wh since last reset (2). kWh/ 00 48 √ √ √

MWh
30075 38 Export Wh since last reset (2). kWh/ 00 4A √ √ √
MWh

30077 39 Import VArh since last reset (2). kVArh/ 00 4C √ √ √

MVArh

30079 40 Export VArh since last reset (2). kVArh/ 00 4E √ √ √

MVArh

30081 41 VAh since last reset (2). kVAh/ 00 50 √ √ √

MVAh
30083 42 Ah since last reset(3). Ah/kAh 00 52 √ √ √

30085 43 Total system power demand (4). W 00 54 √ √ √

30087 44 Maximum total system power VA 00 56 √ √ √

demand
(4).

30101 51 Total system VA demand. VA 00 64 √ √ √

30103 52 Maximum total system VA VA 00 66 √ √ √

demand.
30105 53 Neutral current demand. Amps 00 68 √ X X

30107 54 Maximum neutral current Amps 00 6A √ X X

demand.
30201 101 Line 1 to Line 2 volts. Volts 00 C8 √ √ X

30203 102 Line 2 to Line 3 volts. Volts 00 CA √ √ X

30205 103 Line 3 to Line 1 volts. Volts 00 CC √ √ X

30207 104 Average line to line volts. Volts 00 CE √ √ X

30225 113 Neutral current. Amps 00 E0 √ X X

30235 118 Phase 1 L/N volts THD % 00 EA √ X √

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 SDM630-Modbus V2 USER MANUAL V1.6B

30237 119 Phase 2 L/N volts THD % 00 EC √ X X

30239 120 Phase 3 L/N volts THD % 00 EE √ X X

30241 121 Phase 1 Current THD % 00 F0 √ √ √

30243 122 Phase 2 Current THD % 00 F2 √ √ X

30245 123 Phase 3 Current THD % 00 F4 √ √ X

30249 125 Average line to neutral volts THD. % 00 F8 √ X √

30251 126 Average line current THD. % 00 FA √ √ √

30255 128 Total system power factor (5). Degree 00 FE √ √ √

30259 130 Phase 1 current demand. Amps 01 02 √ √ √

30261 131 Phase 2 current demand. Amps 01 04 √ √ X

30263 132 Phase 3 current demand. Amps 01 06 √ √ X

30265 133 Maximum phase 1 current Amps 01 08 √ √ √

demand.

30267 134 Maximum phase 2 current Amps 01 0A √ √ X

demand.
30269 135 Maximum phase 3 current Amps 01 0C √ √ X
demand.

30335 168 Line 1 to line 2 volts THD. ％ 01 4E √ √ X

30337 169 Line 2 to line 3 volts THD. ％ 01 50 √ √ X
30339 170 Line 3 to line 1 volts THD. ％ 01 52 √ √ X

30341 171 Average line to line volts THD. ％ 01 54 √ √ X

30343 172 Total kwh (Import+Export) kwh 01 56 √ √ √

30345 173 Total kvarh (Import+Export) kvarh 01 58 √ √ √

30347 174 L1 import kwh kwh 01 5a √ √ √
30349 175 L2 import kwh kwh 01 5c √ √ √
30351 176 L3 import kWh kwh 01 5e √ √ √

30353 177 L1 export kWh kwh 01 60 √ √ √

30355 178 L2 export kwh kwh 01 62 √ √ √

30357 179 L3 export kWh kwh 01 64 √ √ √
30359 180 L1 total kwh kwh 01 66 √ √ √

30361 181 L2 total kWh kwh 01 68 √ √ √

30363 182 L3 total kwh kwh 01 6a √ √ √

30365 183 L1 import kvarh kvarh 01 6c √ √ √

30367 184 L2 import kvarh kvarh 01 6e √ √ √

30369 185 L3 import kvarh kvarh 01 70 √ √ √

30371 186 L1 export kvarh kvarh 01 72 √ √ √

30373 187 L2 export kvarh kvarh 01 74 √ √ √

30375 188 L3 export kvarh kvarh 01 76 √ √ √

30377 189 L1 total kvarh kvarh 01 78 √ √ √

30379 190 L2 total kvarh kvarh 01 7a √ √ √

30381 191 L3 total kvarh kvarh 01 7c √ √ √

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 SDM630-Modbus V2 USER MANUAL V1.6B

30397 192 Net kWh (Import-Export) kWh 01 8c √ √ √

30399 193 Net kVArh (Import-Export) kvarh 01 8e √ √ √

Notes:
1. The power factor has its sign adjusted to indicate the nature of the load. Positive for capacitive and negative for inductive.
2. There is a user option to select either k or M for the energy prefix.
3. The same user option as in 2 above gives a prefix of none or k for Amp hours
4. The power sum demand calculation is for import power only
5. The negative total system power factor is a sign inverted version of parameter 32, the magnitude is the same as parameter 32.
6. There is a user option to select None, k or M for the energy prefix.

1.3 Modbus Protocol Holding Registers and Digital meter set up

Holding registers are used to store and display instrument configuration settings. All holding registers not listed in the table below should
be considered as reserved for manufacturer use and no attempt should be made to modify their values.
The holding register parameters may be viewed or changed using the Modbus Protocol. Each parameter is held in two consecutive 4X
registers. Modbus Protocol Function Code 03 is used to read the parameter and Function Code 16 is used to write. Write to only one
parameter per message.

1.3.1 SDM630Modbus MODBUS Protocol Holding Register Parameters

Modbus
Protocol
Address Parameter Paramet-er Start Address
Register Number Hex Valid range Mode

High Low
Byte Byte
Write demand period: 0, 5,8, 10,
15, 20, 30 or 60 minutes, default 60.
Setting the period to 0 will cause the
demand to show the
Demand current parameter value, and demand
40003 2 00 02 r/w
Period max to show the maximum parameter
value since last demand reset.

Length : 4 byte
Data Format : Float

system voltage
System
40007 4 00 06 R
Volts Length : 4 byte
Data Format : Float

system current
System
40009 5 00 08 R
Current Length : 4 byte
Data Format : Float

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SDM630-Modbus V2 USER MANUAL V1.6B

Write system type: 3p4w = 3, 3p3w = 2

& 1p2w= 1
System Requires password, see parameter 13
40011 6 00 0A r/wp
Type
Length : 4 byte
Data Format : Float

Write pulse1 on period in

milliseconds: 60, 100 or 200, default
Pulse1 100.
40013 7 00 OC r/w
Width
Length : 4 byte
Data Format : Float

Write any value to password lock

protected registers.
Read password lock status:
0 = locked. 1 = unlocked.
Password
40015 8 00 OE Reading will also reset the r
Lock
password timeout back to one minute.

Length : 4 byte
Data Format : Float

Write the network port parity/stop bits

for MODBUS Protocol, where: 0 = One
stop bit and no parity, default. 1 = One
stop bit and even parity. 2 = One stop
Network bit and odd parity.3 = Two stop bits and
40019 10 00 12 r/w
Parity Stop no parity.Requires a restart to become
effective.

Length : 4 byte
Data Format : Float
Write the network port node
address: 1 to 247 for MODBUS
Protocol, default 1. Requires a restart
Network
40021 11 00 14 to become effective. r/w
Node

Length : 4 byte
Data Format : Float
Write pulse divisor index: n
= 0 to 5
0--0.0025 kWh(kVArh)/imp
1--0.01 kWh(kVArh)/imp
2--0.1 kWh(kVArh)/imp
Pulse1
40023 12 00 16 3—1 kWh(kVArh)/imp r/w
Divisor1 4-10 kWh(kVArh)/imp
5-100 kWh(kVArh)/imp

Length : 4 byte
Data Format : Float

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 SDM630-Modbus V2 USER MANUAL V1.6B

Write password for access to protected

Regi registers.
ster 40025 13 Password 00 18 r/w

Orde Length : 4 byte

Data Format : Float
r
Write the network port baud rate for
contr
MODBUS Protocol, where:
ols
0 = 2400 baud. 1 = 4800 baud.
the
2 = 9600 baud, default.
order
Network 3 = 19200 baud. 4 = 38400 baud. 5 =
in 40029 15 00 1C r/w
Baud Rate 115200 baud Requires a restart to
whic
become effective
h the
Eastr
Length : 4 byte
on Data Format : Float
Digit
Read the total system power, e.g. for
al
3p4w returns System Volts x System
mete System Amps x 3.
40037 19 00 24 r
r Power
recei Length : 4 byte
ves Data Format : Float
Write MODBUS Protocol
or
input parameter for pulse
send output 1:
1: import active energy
s Pulse 1 2: total active energy
4: export active energy, default
floati 40087 44 Energy 00 56 5: import reactive energy r/w
ng-p 6: total reactive energy
Type
8: export reactive energy
oint
Length : 4 byte
num
Data Format : Float
bers:
- normal or reversed register order. In normal mode, the two registers that make up a floating point number are sent most significant
register first. In reversed register mode, the two registers that make up a floating point number are sent least significant register first. To
set the mode, write the value '2141.0' into this register - the instrument will detect the order used to send this value and set that order for
all Modbus Protocol transactions involving floating point numbers.

It is perfectly feasible to change Eastron Digital meter set-up using a general purpose Modbus Protocol master, but often easier to use
the Eastron Digital meter display or Eastron Digital meter configurator software, especially for gaining password protected access. The
Eastron Digital meter configurator software has facilities to store configurations to disk for later retrieval and rapid set up of similarly
configured products.

Password
Some of the parameters described above are password protected and thus require the password to be entered at the Password register
before they can be changed. The default password is 0000. When the password has been entered it will timeout in one minute unless the
Password or Password Lock register is read to reset the timeout timer. Once the required changes have been made to the protected
parameters the password lock should be reapplied by
a) allowing the password to timeout, or

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 SDM630-Modbus V2 USER MANUAL V1.6B

b) writing any value to the Password Lock register, or

c) power cycling the instrument.

2 RS485 General Information

Some of the information in this section relates to other Eastron Digital meter product families, and is included to assist where a mixed
network is implemented.RS485 or EIA (Electronic Industries Association) RS485 is a balanced line, half-duplex transmission system
allowing transmission distances of up to 1.2 km. The following table summarizes the RS-485 Standard:

PARAMETER
Mode of Operation Differential

Number of Drivers and Receivers 32 Drivers, 32 Receivers

Maximum Cable Length 1200 m

Maximum Data Rate 10 M baud

Maximum Common Mode Voltage 12 V to –7 V

Minimum Driver Output Levels (Loaded) +/– 1.5 V

Minimum Driver Output Levels (Unloaded) +/– 6 V

Drive Load Minimum 60 ohms

Driver Output Short Circuit Current Limit 150 mA to Gnd,

250 mA to 12 V
250 mA to –7 V
Minimum Receiver Input Resistance 12 kohms

Receiver Sensitivity +/– 200 mV

Further information relating to RS485 may be obtained from either the EIA or the various RS485 device manufacturers, for example
Texas Instruments or Maxim Semiconductors. This list is not exhaustive.

2.1 Half Duplex

Half duplex is a system in which one or more transmitters (talkers) can communicate with one or more receivers (listeners) with only one
transmitter being active at any one time. For example, a “conversation” is started by asking a question, the person who has asked the
question will then listen until he gets an answer or until he decides that the individual who was asked the question is not going to reply.
In a 485 network the “master” will start the “conversation” with a “query” addressed to a specific “slave”, the “master” will then listen for
the “slave’s” response. If the “slave” does not respond within a pre-defined period, (set by control software in the “master”), the “master”
will abandon the “conversation”.

2.2 Connecting the Instruments

If connecting an RS485 network to a PC use caution if contemplating the use of an RS232 to 485 converter together with a USB to
RS485 adapter. Consider either an RS232 to RS485 converter, connected directly to a suitable RS232 jack on the PC, or use a USB to
RS485 converter or, for desktop PCs a suitable plug in RS485 card. (Many 232:485 converters draw power from the RS232 socket. If
using a USB to RS232 adapter, the adapter may not have enough power available to run the 232:485 converter.)
Screened twisted pair cable should be used. For longer cable runs or noisier environments, use of a cable specifically designed for
RS485 may be necessary to achieve optimum performance. All “A” terminals should be connected together using one conductor of the
twisted pair cable, all “B” terminals should be connected together using the other conductor in the pair. The cable screen should be
connected to the “Gnd” terminals.

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A Belden 9841 (Single pair) or 9842 (Two pair) or similar cable with a characteristic impedance of 120 ohms is recommended. The cable
should be terminated at each end with a 120 ohm, quarter watt (or greater) resistor. Note: Diagram shows wiring topology only. Always
follow terminal identification on Eastron Digital meter product label.

There must be no more than two wires connected to each terminal, this ensures that a “Daisy Chain or “straight line” configuration is used.
A “Star” or a network with “Stubs (Tees)” is not recommended as reflections within the cable may result in data corruption.

2.3 A and B terminals

The A and B connections to the Eastron Digital meter products can be identified by the signals present on them whilst there is activity on
the RS485 bus:

2.4 Troubleshooting
·Start with a simple network, one master and one slave. With Eastron Digital meter products this is easily achieved as the network can be
left intact whilst individual instruments are disconnected by removing the RS485 connection from the rear of the instrument.
·Check that the network is connected together correctly. That is all of the “A’s” are connected together, and all of the “B’s” are connected

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 SDM630-Modbus V2 USER MANUAL V1.6B

together, and also that all of the “Gnd’s” are connected together.
·Confirm that the data “transmitted” onto the RS485 is not echoed back to the PC on the RS232 lines.(This facility is sometimes a link
option within the converter). Many PC based packages seem to not perform well when they receive an echo of the message they are
transmitting. SpecView and PCView (PC software) with a RS232 to RS485 converter are believed to include this feature.
·Confirm that the Address of the instrument is the same as the “master” is expecting.
·If the “network” operates with one instrument but not more than one check that each instrument has a unique address.
· Each request for data must be restricted to 40 parameters or less. Violating this requirement will impact the performance of the
instrument and may result in a response time in excess of the specification.
·Check that the MODBUS Protocol mode (RTU or ASCII) and serial parameters (baud rate, number of data bits, number of stop bits and
parity) are the same for all devices on the network.
·Check that the “master” is requesting floating-point variables (pairs of registers placed on floating point boundaries) and is not “splitting”
floating point variables.
·Check that the floating-point byte order expected by the “master” is the same as that used by Eastron Digital meter products. (PCView
and Citect packages can use a number of formats including that supported by Eastron Digital meter).
·If possible obtain a second RS232 to RS485 converter and connect it between the RS485 bus and an additional PC equipped with a
software package, which can display the data on the bus. Check for the existence of valid requests.

3 MODBUS Protocol General Information

Communication on a MODBUS Protocol Network is initiated (started) by a “Master” sending a query to a “Slave”. The “Slave“, which is
constantly monitoring the network for queries addressed to it, will respond by performing the requested action and sending a response
back to the ”Master”. Only the “Master” can initiate a query.

In the MODBUS Protocol the master can address individual slaves, or, using a special “Broadcast” address, can initiate a broadcast
message to all slaves. The Eastron Digital meter do not support the broadcast address.

3.1 MODBUS Protocol Message Format

The MODBUS Protocol defines the format for the master’s query and the slave’s response.
The query contains the device (or broadcast) address, a function code defining the requested action, any data to be sent, and an
error-checking field.
The response contains fields confirming the action taken, any data to be returned, and an error-checking field. If an error occurred in
receipt of the message then the message is ignored, if the slave is unable to perform the requested action, then it will construct an error
message and send it as its response. The MODBUS Protocol functions used by the Eastron Digital meters copy 16 bit register values
between master and slaves. However, the data used by the Eastron Digital meter is in 32 bit IEEE 754 floating point format. Thus each
instrument parameter is conceptually held in two adjacent MODBUS Protocol registers. Query
The following example illustrates a request for a single floating point parameter i.e. two 16-bit Modbus Protocol Registers.

First Byte Last Byte

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 SDM630-Modbus V2 USER MANUAL V1.6B

Number Number Number

Start Start Error Error
Slave Function of of of
Address Address Check Check
Address Code Points Points Points
(Hi) (Lo) (Lo) (Hi)
(Hi) (Lo) (Lo)

Slave Address: 8-bit value representing the slave being addressed (1 to 247), 0 is reserved for the broadcast address. The Eastron
Digital meters do not support the broadcast address.
Function Code: 8-bit value telling the addressed slave what action is to be performed. (3, 4, 8 or 16 are valid for Eastron Digital meter)
Start Address (Hi): The top (most significant) eight bits of a 16-bit number specifying the start address of the data being requested.
Start Address (Lo): The bottom (least significant) eight bits of a 16-bit number specifying the start address of the data being requested. As
registers are used in pairs and start at
zero, then this must be an even number.
Number of Points (Hi): The top (most significant) eight bits of a 16-bit number specifying the number of registers being requested.
Number of Points (Lo): The bottom (least significant) eight bits of a 16-bit number specifying the number of registers being requested. As
registers are used in pairs, then this must be an
even number.
Error Check (Lo): The bottom (least significant) eight bits of a 16-bit number representing the error check value.
Error Check (Hi): The top (most significant) eight bits of a 16-bit number representing the error
check value.

Response
The example illustrates the normal response to a request for a single floating point parameter i.e. two 16-bit Modbus Protocol Registers.
First Byte Last Byte
First First Second Second Error Error
Slave Function Byte
Register Register Register Register Check Check
Address Code Count
(Hi) (Lo) (Hi) (Lo) (Lo) (Hi)

Slave Address: 8-bit value representing the address of slave that is responding.
Function Code: 8-bit value which, when a copy of the function code in the query, indicates that the slave recognised the query and has
responded. (See also Exception Response).
Byte Count: 8-bit value indicating the number of data bytes contained within this response
First Register (Hi)*: The top (most significant) eight bits of a 16-bit number representing the first register requested in the query.
First Register (Lo)*: The bottom (least significant) eight bits of a 16-bit number representing the first register requested in the query.
Second Register (Hi)*: The top (most significant) eight bits of a 16-bit number representing the
second register requested in the query.
Second Register (Lo)*: The bottom (least significant) eight bits of a 16-bit number representing the second register requested in the
query.
Error Check (Lo): The bottom (least significant) eight bits of a 16-bit number representing the
error check value.
Error Check (Hi): The top (most significant) eight bits of a 16-bit number representing the error
check value.
*These four bytes together give the value of the floating point parameter requested.

Exception Response

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If an error is detected in the content of the query (excluding parity errors and Error Check mismatch), then an error response (called an
exception response), will be sent to the master. The exception response is identified by the function code being a copy of the query
function code but with the most-significant bit set. The data contained in an exception response is a single byte error code.

First Byte Last Byte

Error Error
Slave Function Error
Check Check
Address Code Code
(Lo) (Hi)

Slave Address: 8-bit value representing the address of slave that is responding.
Function Code: 8 bit value which is the function code in the query OR'ed with 80 hex, indicating that the slave either does not recognise
the query or could not carry out the action
requested.
Error Code: 8-bit value indicating the nature of the exception detected. (See “Table Of
Exception Codes“ later).
Error Check (Lo): The bottom (least significant) eight bits of a 16-bit number representing the error check value.
Error Check (Hi): The top (most significant) eight bits of a 16-bit number representing the error
check value.

3.2 Serial Transmission Modes

There are two MODBUS Protocol serial transmission modes, ASCII and RTU. Eastron Digital meters do not support the ASCII mode.
In RTU (Remote Terminal Unit) mode, each 8-bit byte is used in the full binary range and is not limited to ASCII characters as in ASCII
Mode. The greater data density allows better data throughput for the same baud rate, however each message must be transmitted in a
continuous stream. This is very unlikely to be a problem for modern communications equipment.

Coding System: Full 8-bit binary per byte. In this document, the value of each byte will be shown as two hexadecimal characters each in
the range 0-9 or A-F.
Line Protocol: 1 start bit, followed by the 8 data bits. The 8 data bits are sent with least significant bit first.
User Option Of Parity No Parity and 2 Stop Bits
And Stop Bits: No Parity and 1 Stop Bit
Even Parity and 1 Stop Bit
Odd Parity and 1 Stop Bit.
User Option of Baud 2400; 4800 ; 9600 ; 19200 ; 38400

The baud rate, parity and stop bits must be selected to match the master’s settings.

3.3 MODBUS Protocol Message Timing (RTU Mode)

A MODBUS Protocol message has defined beginning and ending points. The receiving devices recognizes the start of the message,
reads the “Slave Address” to determine if they are being addressed and knowing when the message is completed they can use the Error
Check bytes and parity bits to confirm the integrity of the message. If the Error Check or parity fails then the message is discarded.
In RTU mode, messages starts with a silent interval of at least 3.5 character times.
The first byte of a message is then transmitted, the device address.
Master and slave devices monitor the network continuously, including during the ‘silent’ intervals. When the first byte (the address byte) is
received, each device checks it to find out if it is the addressed device. If the device determines that it is the one being addressed it
records the whole message and acts accordingly, if it is not being addressed it continues monitoring for the next message.

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Following the last transmitted byte, a silent interval of at least 3.5 character times marks the end of the message. A new message can
begin after this interval.
In the Eastron 1000 and 2000, a silent interval of 60msec minimum is required in order to guarantee successful reception of the next
request.
The entire message must be transmitted as a continuous stream. If a silent interval of more than 1.5 character times occurs before
completion of the message, the receiving device flushes the incomplete message and assumes that the next byte will be the address byte
of a new message.
Similarly, if a new message begins earlier than 3.5 character times following a previous message, the receiving device may consider it a
continuation of the previous message. This will result in an error, as the value in the final CRC field will not be valid for the combined
messages.

3.4 How Characters are Transmitted Serially

When messages are transmitted on standard MODBUS Protocol serial networks each byte is sent in this order (left to right):
Transmit Character = Start Bit + Data Byte + Parity Bit + 1 Stop Bit (11 bits total):
Least Significant Bit (LSB) Most Significant Bit (MSB)

Start 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Party Stop

Transmit Character = Start Bit + Data Byte + 2 Stop Bits (11 bits total):
Start 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Stop Stop

Eastron Digital meters additionally support No parity, One stop bit.

Transmit Character = Start Bit + Data Byte + 1 Stop Bit (10 bits total):

Start 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Stop

The master is configured by the user to wait for a predetermined timeout interval. The master will wait for this period of time before
deciding that the slave is not going to respond and that the transaction should be aborted. Care must be taken when determining the
timeout period from both the master and the slaves’ specifications. The slave may define the ‘response time’ as being the period from the
receipt of the last bit of the query to the transmission of the first bit of the response. The master may define the ‘response time’ as period
between transmitting the first bit of the query to the receipt of the last bit of the response. It can be seen that message transmission time,
which is a function of the baud rate, must be included in the timeout calculation.

3.5 Error Checking Methods

Standard MODBUS Protocol serial networks use two error checking processes, the error check bytes mentioned above check message

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integrity whilst Parity checking (even or odd) can be applied to each byte in the message.

3.5.1 Parity Checking

If parity checking is enabled – by selecting either Even or Odd Parity - the quantity of “1’s” will be counted in the data portion of each
transmit character. The parity bit will then be set to a 0 or 1 to result in an Even or Odd total of “1’s”.
Note that parity checking can only detect an error if an odd number of bits are picked up or dropped in a transmit character during
transmission, if for example two 1’s are corrupted to 0’s the parity check will not find the error.
If No Parity checking is specified, no parity bit is transmitted and no parity check can be made. Also, if No Parity checking is specified and
one stop bit is selected the transmit character is effectively shortened by one bit.

3.5.2 CRC Checking

The error check bytes of the MODBUS Protocol messages contain a Cyclical Redundancy Check (CRC) value that is used to check the
content of the entire message. The error check bytes must always be present to comply with the MODBUS Protocol, there is no option to
disable it.
The error check bytes represent a 16-bit binary value, calculated by the transmitting device. The receiving device must recalculate the
CRC during receipt of the message and compare the calculated value to the value received in the error check bytes. If the two values are
not equal, the message should be discarded.
The error check calculation is started by first pre-loading a 16-bit register to all 1’s (i.e. Hex (FFFF)) each successive 8-bit byte of the
message is applied to the current contents of the register. Note: only the eight bits of data in each transmit character are used for
generating the CRC, start bits, stop bits and the parity bit, if one is used, are not included in the error check bytes.
During generation of the error check bytes, each 8-bit message byte is exclusive OR'ed with the lower half of the 16 bit register. The
register is then shifted eight times in the direction of the least significant bit (LSB), with a zero filled into the most significant bit (MSB)
position. After each shift the LSB prior to the shift is extracted and examined. If the LSB was a 1, the register is then exclusive OR'ed with
a pre-set, fixed value. If the LSB was a 0, no exclusive OR takes place.
This process is repeated until all eight shifts have been performed. After the last shift, the next 8-bit message byte is exclusive OR'ed with
the lower half of the 16 bit register, and the process repeated. The final contents of the register, after all the bytes of the message have
been applied, is the error check value. In the following pseudo code “Error Word” is a 16-bit value representing the error check values.

BEGIN
Error Word = Hex (FFFF)
FOR Each byte in message
Error Word = Error Word XOR byte in message
FOR Each bit in byte
LSB = Error Word AND Hex (0001)
IF LSB = 1 THEN Error Word = Error Word – 1
Error Word = Error Word / 2
IF LSB = 1 THEN Error Word = Error Word XOR Hex (A001)
NEXT bit in byte
NEXT Byte in message
END

3.6 Function Codes

The function code part of a MODBUS Protocol message defines the action to be taken by the slave. Eastron Digital meters support the
following function codes:

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 SDM630-Modbus V2 USER MANUAL V1.6B

MODBUS Protocol
Code Description
name

Read Holding Read the contents of read/write location(4X

03
Registers references)
Read the contents of read only location(3X
04 Read Input Registers
references)

Only sub-function zero is supported.

08 Diagnostics This returns the data element of the
query unchanged.
Pre-set Multiple Set the contents of read/write location (4X
15
Registers references)

3.7 IEEE floating point format

The MODBUS Protocol defines 16 bit “Registers” for the data variables. A 16-bit number would prove too restrictive, for energy
parameters for example, as the maximum range of a 16-bit number is 65535.
However, there are a number of approaches that have been adopted to overcome this restriction. Eastron Digital meters use two
consecutive registers to represent a floating-point number, effectively expanding the range to +/- 1x1037.
The values produced by Eastron Digital meters can be used directly without any requirement to “scale” the values, for example, the units
for the voltage parameters are volts, the units for the power parameters are watts etc.
What is a floating point Number?
A floating-point number is a number with two parts, a mantissa and an exponent and is written in the form 1.234 x 105. The mantissa
(1.234 in this example) must have the decimal point moved to the right with the number of places determined by the exponent (5 places in
this example) i.e. 1.234x 105 = 123400. If the exponent is negative the decimal point is moved to the left.
What is an IEEE 754 format floating-point number?
An IEEE 754 floating point number is the binary equivalent of the decimal floating-point number shown above. The major difference being
that the most significant bit of the mantissa is always arranged to be 1 and is thus not needed in the representation of the number. The
process by which the most significant bit is arranged to be 1 is called normalization, the mantissa is thus referred to as a “normal
mantissa”. During normalization the bits in the mantissa are shifted to the left whilst the exponent is decremented until the most significant
bit of the mantissa is one. In the special case where the number is zero both mantissa and exponent are zero.

The bits in an IEEE 754 format have the following significance:

Data Hi Reg, Data Hi Reg, Data Lo Reg, Data Lo Reg,

Hi Byte. Lo Byte. Hi Byte. Lo Byte.

SEEE EMMM MMMM MMMM

EEEE MMMM MMMM MMMM

Where:
S represents the sign bit where 1 is negative and 0 is positive
E is the 8-bit exponent with an offset of 127 i.e. an exponent of zero is represented by 127, an
exponent of 1 by 128 etc.
M is the 23-bit normal mantissa. The 24th bit is always 1 and, therefore, is not stored.

Using the above format the floating point number 240.5 is represented as 43708000 hex:

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 SDM630-Modbus V2 USER MANUAL V1.6B

Data Hi Reg, Data Hi Reg, Data Lo Reg, Data Lo Reg,

Hi Byte Lo Byte Hi Byte Lo Byte

43 70 80 00

The following example demonstrates how to convert IEEE 754 floating-point numbers from their hexadecimal form to decimal form. For
this example, we will use the value for 240.5 shown above
Note that the floating-point storage representation is not an intuitive format. To convert this value to decimal, the bits should be separated
as specified in the floating-point number storage format table shown above.
For example:

Data Hi Reg, Data Hi Reg, Data Lo Reg, Data Lo Reg,

Hi Byte Lo Byte Hi Byte Lo Byte

0100 0011 0111 0000 1000 0000 0000 0000

From this you can determine the following information.
·The sign bit is 0, indicating a positive number.
·The exponent value is 10000110 binary or 134 decimal. Subtracting 127 from 134 leaves 7, which is the actual exponent.
·The mantissa appears as the binary number 11100001000000000000000
There is an implied binary point at the left of the mantissa that is always preceded by a 1. This bit is not stored in the hexadecimal
representation of the floating-point number. Adding 1 and the binary point to the beginning of the mantissa gives the following:
1.11100001000000000000000
Now, we adjust the mantissa for the exponent. A negative exponent moves the binary point to the left. A positive exponent moves the
binary point to the right. Because the exponent is 7, the mantissa is adjusted as follows:
11110000.1000000000000000
Finally, we have a binary floating-point number. Binary bits that are to the left of the binary point represent
the power of two corresponding to their position. For example, 11110000 represents (1 x 27) + (1 x 26) + (1x 25) + (1 x 24) + (0 x 23)+ (0
x 22) + (0 x 21)+ (0 x 20) = 240.
Binary bits that are to the right of the binary point also represent a power of 2 corresponding to their position. As the digits are to the right
of the binary point the powers are negative. For example: .100 represents (1 x 2-1) + (0 x 2-2)+ (0 x 2-3) + … which equals 0.5.
Adding these two numbers together and making reference to the sign bit produces the number +240.5.

For each floating point value requested two MODBUS Protocol registers (four bytes) must be requested. The received order and
significance of these four bytes for Eastron Digital meters is shown below:

Data Hi Reg, Data Hi Reg, Data Lo Reg, Data Lo Reg,

Hi Byte Lo Byte Hi Byte Lo Byte

3.8 MODBUS Protocol Commands supported

All Eastron Digital meters support the “Read Input Register” (3X registers), the “Read Holding Register” (4X registers) and the “Pre-set
Multiple Registers” (write 4X registers) commands of the MODBUS Protocol RTU protocol. All values stored and returned are in floating
point format to IEEE 754 with the most significant register first.

3.8.1 Read Input Registers

MODBUS Protocol code 04 reads the contents of the 3X registers.

Example
The following query will request ‘Volts 1’ from an instrument with node address 1:

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Field Name Example(Hex)

Slave Address 01

Function 04

Starting Address High 00

Starting Address Low 00

Number of Points High 00

Number of Points Low 02

Error Check Low 71

Error Check High CB

Note: Data must be requested in register pairs i.e. the “Starting Address“ and the “Number of Points” must be even numbers to request a
floating point variable. If the “Starting Address” or the “Number of points” is odd then the query will fall in the middle of a floating point
variable the product will return an error message.
The following response returns the contents of Volts 1 as 230.2. But see also “Exception Response” later.

Field Name Example (Hex)

Slave Address 01
Function 04
Byte Count 04

Data, High Reg, High Byte 43

Data, High Reg, Low Byte 66

Data, Low Reg, High Byte 33

Data, Low Reg, Low Byte 34

Error Check Low 1B

Error Check High 38

3.9 Holding Registers

3.9.1 Read Holding Registers
MODBUS Protocol code 03 reads the contents of the 4X registers.
Example
The following query will request the prevailing ‘Demand Time’:

Field Name Example (Hex)

Slave Address 01

Function 03

Starting Address High 00

Starting Address Low 00

Number of Points High 00

Number of Points Low 02

Error Check Low C4

Error Check High 0B

Note: Data must be requested in register pairs i.e. the “Starting Address“ and the “Number of Points” must be even numbers to request a
floating point variable. If the “Starting Address” or the “Number of points” is odd then the query will fall in the middle of a floating point
variable the product will return an error message.

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 SDM630-Modbus V2 USER MANUAL V1.6B

The following response returns the contents of Demand Time as 1, But see also “Exception Response” later.

Field Name Example (Hex)

Slave Address 01
Function 03

Byte Count 04
Data, High Reg, High Byte 3F

Data, High Reg, Low Byte 80

Data, Low Reg, High Byte 00

Data, Low Reg, Low Byte 00

Error Check Low F7

Error Check High CF

3.9.2 Write Holding Registers

MODBUS Protocol code 10 (16 decimal) writes the contents of the 4X registers.
Example
The following query will set the Demand Period to 60, which effectively resets the Demand Time:
Field Name Example (Hex)

Slave Address 01
Function 10
Starting Address High 00

Starting Address Low 02

Number of Registers High 00

Number of Registers Low 02
Byte Count 04

Data, High Reg, High Byte 42

Data, High Reg, Low Byte 70

Data, Low Reg, High Byte 00

Data, Low Reg, Low Byte 00

Error Check Low 67
Error Check High D5

Note: Data must be written in register pairs i.e. the “Starting Address“ and the “Number of Points” must be even numbers to write a
floating point variable. If the “Starting Address” or the “Number of points” is odd then the query will fall in the middle of a floating point
variable the product will return an error message. In general only one floating point value can be written per query

The following response indicates that the write has been successful. But see also “Exception Response”later.

Field Name Example (Hex)

Slave Address 01
Function 10

Starting Address High 00

Starting Address Low 02
Number of Registers High 00

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 SDM630-Modbus V2 USER MANUAL V1.6B

Number of Registers Low 02

Error Check Low E0

Error Check High 08

3.10 Exception Response

If the slave in the “Write Holding Register” example above, did not support that function then it would have replied with an Exception
Response as shown below. The exception function code is the original function code from the query with the MSB set i.e. it has had 80
hex logically ORed with it. The exception code indicates the reason for the exception. The slave will not respond at all if there is an error
with the parity or CRC of the query. However, if the slave can not process the query then it will respond with an exception. In this case a
code 01, the requested function is not support by this slave.
Field Name Example (Hex)

Slave Address 01

Function 10 OR 80 = 90

Exception Code 01
Error Check Low 8D

Error Check High C0

3.11 Exception Codes

3.11.1 Table of Exception Codes
Eastron Digital meters support the following function codes:

MODBUS
Exception Code Description
Protocol name

01 Illegal Function The function code is not supported by the product

Attempt to access an invalid address or an attempt to read

02 Illegal Data Address or write part of a floating point
value
03 Illegal Data Value Attempt to set a floating point variable to an invalid value

An error occurred when the instrument attempted to store

05 Slave Device Failure
an update to it’s configuration

3.12 Diagnostics
MODBUS Protocol code 08 provides a number of diagnostic sub-functions. Only the “Return Query Data” sub-function (sub-function 0) is
supported on Eastron Digital meters.
Example
The following query will send a diagnostic “return query data” query with the data elements set to Hex(AA) and Hex(55) and will expect
these to be returned in the response:

Field Name Example (Hex)

Slave Address 01

Function 08

Sub-Function High 00

Sub-Function Low 00

Data Byte 1 AA
Data Byte 2 55

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 SDM630-Modbus V2 USER MANUAL V1.6B

Error Check Low 5E

Error Check High 94

Note: Exactly one register of data (two bytes) must be sent with this function.
The following response indicates the correct reply to the query, i.e. the same bytes as the query.

Field Name Example (Hex)

Slave Address 01

Function 08

Sub-Function High 00
Sub-Function Low 00

Data Byte 1 AA

Data Byte 2 55

Error Check Low 5E

Error Check High 94

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