001

1010100
10011000 10001111100
1011100101011100
101100011101001
1011110100011010
00001010010110010
1001010101100111
1111010101000101
1101001101010011
001010010101010
1010101000110010
010101001011000
110101100011010
11010100001011
001010100110
1001010010

IP Addressing
and
Subnetting
Workbook
Version 1.5

11111110
10010101
00011011
10000110
Student Name:

11010011 TESTON, JOHN JERUEL E

 IP Address Classes
Class A 1 – 127 (Network 127 is reserved for loopback and internal testing)
Leading bit pattern 0 00000000.00000000.00000000.00000000
Network . Host . Host . Host

Class B 128 – 191 Leading bit pattern 10 10000000.00000000.00000000.00000000

Network . Network . Host . Host

Class C 192 – 223 Leading bit pattern 110 11000000.00000000.00000000.00000000

Network . Network . Network . Host

Class D 224 – 239 (Reserved for multicast)

Class E 240 – 255 (Reserved for experimental, used for research)

Private Address Space

Class A 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255

Class B 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255

Class C 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255

Default Subnet Masks

Class A 255.0.0.0

Class B 255.255.0.0

Class C 255.255.255.0

Produced by: Robb Jones

[email protected] and/or [email protected]
Frederick County Career & Technology Center
Cisco Networking Academy
Frederick County Public Schools
Frederick, Maryland, USA

Special Thanks to Melvin Baker and Jim Dorsch

for taking the time to check this workbook for errors,
and to everyone who has sent in suggestions to improve the series.

Workbooks included in the series:

IP Addressing and Subnetting Workbooks

ACLs - Access Lists Workbooks
VLSM Variable-Length Subnet Mask Workbooks

Instructors (and anyone else for that matter) please do not post the Instructors version on public websites.
When you do this you are giving everyone else worldwide the answers. Yes, students look for answers this way.
It also discourages others; myself included, from posting high quality materials.
Inside Cover
 Binary To Decimal Conversion
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 Answers Scratch Area
1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 146 128 64
16 32
0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 119 2 16
146 4
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 255 2
1
1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 197 119

1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 246

0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 19

1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 129

0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 49

0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 120

1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 240

0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 59

0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 7

00011011 27

10101010 170

01101111 111

11111000 248

00100000 32

01010101 85

00111110 62

00000011 3

11101101 237

11000000 192
1
 Decimal To Binary Conversion
Use all 8 bits for each problem
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 = 255 Scratch Area
1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0
_________________________________________ 238 238 34
-128 -32
0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0
_________________________________________ 34 110 2
-64 -2
0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1
_________________________________________ 123 46 0
-32
0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0
_________________________________________ 50 14
-8
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
_________________________________________ 255 6
-4
1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0
_________________________________________ 200 2
-2
0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0
_________________________________________ 10 0

1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0
_________________________________________ 138

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
_________________________________________ 1

0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1
_________________________________________ 13

1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0
_________________________________________ 250

0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1
_________________________________________ 107

1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
_________________________________________ 224

0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0
_________________________________________ 114

1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
_________________________________________ 192

1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0
_________________________________________ 172

0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0
_________________________________________ 100

0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1
_________________________________________ 119

0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1
_________________________________________ 57

0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0
_________________________________________ 98

1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1
_________________________________________ 179

0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
_________________________________________ 2
2
 Address Class Identification
Address Class

10.250.1.1 A
_____

150.10.15.0 B
_____

192.14.2.0 C
_____

148.17.9.1 B
_____

193.42.1.1 C
_____

126.8.156.0 A
_____

220.200.23.1 C
_____

230.230.45.58 D
_____

177.100.18.4 B
_____

119.18.45.0 A
_____

249.240.80.78 E
_____

199.155.77.56 C
_____

117.89.56.45 A
_____

215.45.45.0 C
_____

199.200.15.0 C
_____

95.0.21.90 A
_____

33.0.0.0 A
_____

158.98.80.0 B
_____

219.21.56.0 C
_____
3
 Network & Host Identification
Circle the network portion Circle the host portion of
of these addresses: these addresses:

177.100.18.4 10.15.123.50

119.18.45.0 171.2.199.31

209.240.80.78 198.125.87.177

199.155.77.56 223.250.200.222

117.89.56.45 17.45.222.45

215.45.45.0 126.201.54.231

192.200.15.0 191.41.35.112

95.0.21.90 155.25.169.227

33.0.0.0 192.15.155.2

158.98.80.0 123.102.45.254

217.21.56.0 148.17.9.155

10.250.1.1 100.25.1.1

150.10.15.0 195.0.21.98

192.14.2.0 25.250.135.46

148.17.9.1 171.102.77.77

193.42.1.1 55.250.5.5

126.8.156.0 218.155.230.14

220.200.23.1 10.250.1.1

4
 Network Addresses
Using the IP address and subnet mask shown write out the network address:

188.10.18.2 188 . 10 . 0 . 0
_____________________________
255.255.0.0

10.10.48.80 10 . 10 . 48 . 0
_____________________________
255.255.255.0

192.149.24.191 192 . 149 . 24 . 0

_____________________________
255.255.255.0

150.203.23.19 150 . 203 . 0 . 0

_____________________________
255.255.0.0

10.10.10.10 10 . 0 . 0 . 0
_____________________________
255.0.0.0

186.13.23.110 186 . 13 . 23 . 0
_____________________________
255.255.255.0

223.69.230.250 223 . 69 . 0 . 0
_____________________________
255.255.0.0

200.120.135.15 200 . 120 . 135 . 0

_____________________________
255.255.255.0

27.125.200.151 27 . 0 . 0 . 0
_____________________________
255.0.0.0

199.20.150.35 199 . 20 . 150 . 0

_____________________________
255.255.255.0

191.55.165.135 191 . 55 . 165 . 0

_____________________________
255.255.255.0

28.212.250.254 28 . 212 . 0 . 0
_____________________________
255.255.0.0

5
 Host Addresses
Using the IP address and subnet mask shown write out the host address:

188.10.18.2 0 . 0 . 18 . 2
_____________________________
255.255.0.0

10.10.48.80 0 . 0 . 0 . 80
_____________________________
255.255.255.0

222.49.49.11 0 . 0 . 0 . 11
_____________________________
255.255.255.0

128.23.230.19 0 . 0 . 230 . 19
_____________________________
255.255.0.0

10.10.10.10 0 . 10 . 10 . 10
_____________________________
255.0.0.0

200.113.123.11 0 . 0 . 0 . 11
_____________________________
255.255.255.0

223.169.23.20 0 . 0 . 23 . 20
_____________________________
255.255.0.0

203.20.35.215 0 . 0 . 0 . 215
_____________________________
255.255.255.0

117.15.2.51 0 . 15 . 2 . 51
_____________________________
255.0.0.0

199.120.15.135 0 . 0 . 0 . 135
_____________________________
255.255.255.0

191.55.165.135 0 . 0 . 0 . 135
_____________________________
255.255.255.0

48.21.25.54 0 . 0 . 25 . 54
_____________________________
255.255.0.0

6
 Default Subnet Masks
Write the correct default subnet mask for each of the following addresses:

177.100.18.4 255 . 255 . 0 . 0

_____________________________

119.18.45.0 255 . 0 . 0 . 0
_____________________________

191.249.234.191 255 . 255 . 0 . 0

_____________________________

223.23.223.109 255 . 255 . 255 . 0

_____________________________

10.10.250.1 255 . 0 . 0 . 0
_____________________________

126.123.23.1 255 . 0 . 0 . 0
_____________________________

223.69.230.250 255 . 255 . 255 . 0

_____________________________

192.12.35.105 255 . 255 . 255 . 0

_____________________________

77.251.200.51 255 . 0 . 0 . 0
_____________________________

189.210.50.1 255 . 255 . 0 . 0

_____________________________

88.45.65.35 255 . 0 . 0 . 0
_____________________________

128.212.250.254 255 . 255 . 0 . 0

_____________________________

193.100.77.83 255 . 255 . 255 . 0

_____________________________

125.125.250.1 255 . 0 . 0 . 0
_____________________________

1.1.10.50 255 . 0 . 0 . 0
_____________________________

220.90.130.45 255 . 255 . 255 . 0

_____________________________

134.125.34.9 255 . 255 . 0 . 0

_____________________________

95.250.91.99 255 . 0 . 0 . 0
_____________________________

7
 ANDING With
Default subnet masks

Every IP address must be accompanied by a subnet mask. By now you should be able to look
at an IP address and tell what class it is. Unfortunately your computer doesn’t think that way.
For your computer to determine the network and subnet portion of an IP address it must
“AND” the IP address with the subnet mask.

Default Subnet Masks:

Class A 255.0.0.0
Class B 255.255.0.0
Class C 255.255.255.0

ANDING Equations:
1 AND 1 = 1
1 AND 0 = 0
0 AND 1 = 0
0 AND 0 = 0

Sample:

What you see...

IP Address: 192 . 100 . 10 . 33

What you can figure out in your head...

Address Class: C
Network Portion: 192 . 100 . 10 . 33
Host Portion: 192 . 100 . 10 . 33

In order for you computer to get the same information it must AND the IP address with
the subnet mask in binary.
Network Host

IP Address: 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 (192 . 100 . 10 . 33)

Default Subnet Mask: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 (255 . 255 . 255 . 0)

AND: 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 (192 . 100 . 10 . 0)

ANDING with the default subnet mask allows your computer to figure out the network
portion of the address.

8
 ANDING With
Custom subnet masks

When you take a single network such as 192.100.10.0 and divide it into five smaller networks
(192.100.10.16, 192.100.10.32, 192.100.10.48, 192.100.10.64, 192.100.10.80) the outside
world still sees the network as 192.100.10.0, but the internal computers and routers see five
smaller subnetworks. Each independent of the other. This can only be accomplished by using
a custom subnet mask. A custom subnet mask borrows bits from the host portion of the
address to create a subnetwork address between the network and host portions of an IP
address. In this example each range has 14 usable addresses in it. The computer must still
AND the IP address against the custom subnet mask to see what the network portion is and
which subnetwork it belongs to.

IP Address: 192 . 100 . 10 . 0

Custom Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.240

Address Ranges: 192.10.10.0 to 192.100.10.15

192.100.10.16 to 192.100.10.31
192.100.10.32 to 192.100.10.47 (Range in the sample below)
192.100.10.48 to 192.100.10.63
192.100.10.64 to 192.100.10.79
192.100.10.80 to 192.100.10.95
192.100.10.96 to 192.100.10.111
192.100.10.112 to 192.100.10.127
192.100.10.128 to 192.100.10.143
192.100.10.144 to 192.100.10.159
192.100.10.160 to 192.100.10.175
192.100.10.176 to 192.100.10.191
192.100.10.192 to 192.100.10.207
192.100.10.208 to 192.100.10.223
192.100.10.224 to 192.100.10.239
192.100.10.240 to 192.100.10.255

Sub
Network Network Host
IP Address: 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 (192 . 100 . 10 . 33)
Custom Subnet Mask: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 (255 . 255 . 255 . 240)
AND: 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 (192 . 100 . 10 . 32)

Four bits borrowed from the host

portion of the address for the
custom subnet mask.
The ANDING process of the four borrowed bits
shows which range of IP addresses this
particular address will fall into.

In the next set of problems you will determine the necessary information to determine the
correct subnet mask for a variety of IP addresses.
9
 How to determine the number of subnets and the
number of hosts per subnet
Two formulas can provide this basic information:

Number of subnets = 2 s (Second subnet formula: Number of subnets = 2s - 2)

Number of hosts per subnet = 2 h - 2

Both formulas calculate the number of hosts or subnets based on the number of binary bits
used. For example if you borrow three bits from the host portion of the address use the
number of subnets formula to determine the total number of subnets gained by borrowing the
three bits. This would be 23 or 2 x 2 x 2 = 8 subnets

To determine the number of hosts per subnet you would take the number of binary bits used in
the host portion and apply this to the number of hosts per subnet formula If five bits are in the
host portion of the address this would be 2 5 or 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 = 32 hosts.

When dealing with the number of hosts per subnet you have to subtract two addresses from
the range. The first address in every range is the subnet number. The last address in every
range is the broadcast address. These two addresses cannot be assigned to any device in
the network which is why you have to subtract two addresses to find the number of usable
addresses in each range.

For example if two bits are borrowed for the network portion of the address you can easily
determine the number of subnets and hosts per subnets using the two formulas.

195. 223 . 50 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

The number of subnets The number of hosts created by

created by borrowing 2 leaving 6 bits is 26 - 2 or
bits is 2 2 or 2 x 2 = 4 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 = 64 - 2 = 62
subnets. usable hosts per subnet.

What about that second subnet formula:

s
Number of subnets = 2 - 2

In some instances the first and last subnet range of addresses are reserved. This is similar to
the first and last host addresses in each range of addreses.

The first range of addresses is the zero subnet. The subnet number for the zero subnet is
also the subnet number for the classful subnet address.

The last range of addresses is the broadcast subnet. The broadcast address for the last
subnet in the broadcast subnet is the same as the classful broadcast address.
10
Class C Address unsubnetted:

195. 223 . 50 . 0

195.223.50.0 to 195.223.50.255
Notice that the subnet and
broadcast addresses match.
Class C Address subnetted (2 bits borrowed):

195. 223 . 50 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

(Invalid range) (0) 195.223.50.0 to 195.223.50.63

(1) 195.223.50.64 to 195.223.50.127
(2) 195.223.50.128 to 195.223.50.191
(Invalid range) (3) 195.223.50.192 to 195.223.50.255

The primary reason the the zero and broadcast subnets were not used had to do pirmarily with
the broadcast addresses. If you send a broadcast to 195.223.255 are you sending it to all 255
addresses in the classful C address or just the 62 usable addresses in the broadcast range?

The CCNA and CCENT certification exams may have questions which will require you to
determine which formula to use, and whehter or not you can use the first and last subnets. Use
the chart below to help decide.

When to use which formula to determine the number of subnets

s s
Use the 2 - 2 formula and don’t use the Use the 2 formula and use the zero and
zero and broadcast ranges if... broadcast ranges if...

Classful routing is used Classless routing or VLSM is used

RIP version 1 is used RIP version 2, EIGRP, or OSPF is used

The no ip subnet zero command is The ip subnet zero command is

configured on your router configured on your router (default setting)

No other clues are given

Bottom line for the CCNA exams; if a question does not give you any clues as to whether or not
to allow these two subnets, assume you can use them.
s
This workbook has you use the number of subnets = 2 formula.

11
 Custom Subnet Masks

Problem 1
Number of needed subnets 14
Number of needed usable hosts 14
Network Address 192.10.10.0

C
Address class __________

255 . 255 . 255 . 0

Default subnet mask _______________________________

255 . 255 . 255 . 240

Custom subnet mask _______________________________

16
Total number of subnets ___________________

16
Total number of host addresses ___________________

14
Number of usable addresses ___________________

4
Number of bits borrowed ___________________

Show your work for Problem 1 in the space below.

Number of
256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 - Hosts
Number of
Subnets - 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 - Binary values

192 . 10 . 10 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

128
16 Observe the total number of
Add the binary value
64 hosts.
numbers to the left of the line to
-2
32
14
create the custom subnet mask. Subtract 2 for the number of

+16
usable hosts.

240

12
 Custom Subnet Masks

Problem 2
Number of needed subnets 1000
Number of needed usable hosts 60
Network Address 165.100.0.0

B
Address class __________

255 . 255 . 0 . 0
Default subnet mask _______________________________

255 . 255 . 255 . 192

Custom subnet mask _______________________________

1,024
Total number of subnets ___________________

64
Total number of host addresses ___________________

62
Number of usable addresses ___________________

10
Number of bits borrowed ___________________

Show your work for Problem 2 in the space below.

65,

32,

16,3

4,0

2,0

1,02
8,19

512
536

768

Number of
84

96

48

. 256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2
2

Hosts -

65,
32,
16,3
4,0
102

204

8,19

536
512

Number of
768
84
96

Subnets - 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256.

2
4

Binary values - 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 . 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

165 . 100 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
128 128
64 +64
32 192 64
Observe the total number of
16 hosts.
Add the binary value
numbers to the left of the line to 8 -2
62
Subtract 2 for the number of
create the custom subnet mask.
4 usable hosts.

2
+1
255
13
 Custom Subnet Masks

Problem 3 /26 indicates the total number of

bits used for the network and
subnetwork portion of the
Network Address 148.75.0.0 /26 address. All bits remaining belong
to the host portion of the address.
B
Address class __________

255 . 255 . 0 . 0
Default subnet mask _______________________________

255 . 255 . 255 . 192

Custom subnet mask _______________________________

1,024
Total number of subnets ___________________

64
Total number of host addresses ___________________

62
Number of usable addresses ___________________

10
Number of bits borrowed ___________________

Show your work for Problem 3 in the space below.

65,

32,

16,3

4,0

2,0

1,02
8,19

512
536

768

Number of
84

96

48

. 256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2
2

Hosts -

65,
32,
16,3
4,0
102

204

8,19

536
512

Number of 768
84
96

Subnets - 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256.

2
4

Binary values - 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 . 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

148 . 75 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
128 128
64 +64
32 192 64
Observe the total number of
16 hosts.
Add the binary value
numbers to the left of the line to 8 -2
62
Subtract 2 for the number of
create the custom subnet mask.
4 usable hosts.

2 1024
+1 Subtract 2 for the total number of
-2
255
subnets to get the usable number of

1,022
subnets.

14
 Custom Subnet Masks

Problem 4
Number of needed subnets 6
Number of needed usable hosts 30
Network Address 195.85.8.0

C
Address class _______

255 . 255 . 255 . 0

Default subnet mask _______________________________

255 . 255 . 255 . 224

Custom subnet mask _______________________________

8
Total number of subnets ___________________

32
Total number of host addresses ___________________

30
Number of usable addresses ___________________

3
Number of bits borrowed ___________________

Show your work for Problem 5 in the space below.

Number of
256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 - Hosts
Number of
Subnets - 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 - Binary values

195 . 85 . 8 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

128
64 32 8
+32 -2 -2
224 30 6
15
 Custom Subnet Masks

Problem 5
Number of needed subnets 6
Number of needed usable hosts 30
Network Address 210.100.56.0

C
Address class _______

255 . 255 . 255 . 0

Default subnet mask _______________________________

255 . 255 . 255 . 224

Custom subnet mask _______________________________

8
Total number of subnets ___________________

32
Total number of host addresses ___________________

30
Number of usable addresses ___________________

3
Number of bits borrowed ___________________

Show your work for Problem 4 in the space below.

Number of
256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 - Hosts
Number of
Subnets - 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 - Binary values

210 . 100 . 56 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

128
64 8 32
+32 -2 -2
224 6 30

16
 Custom Subnet Masks

Problem 6
Number of needed subnets 126
Number of needed usable hosts 131,070
Network Address 118.0.0.0

A
Address class _______

255 . 0 . 0 . 0
Default subnet mask _______________________________

255 . 254. 0 . 0
Custom subnet mask _______________________________

128
Total number of subnets ___________________

131,072
Total number of host addresses ___________________

131,070
Number of usable addresses ___________________

7
Number of bits borrowed ___________________

Show your work for Problem 6 in the space below.

4,19

2,09

1,04

52

262

131

65,5

32,7

16,3

4,0

2,0

1,02
4,2
4,30

8,19
8,57
7,15

Number of
,07
,144

512

. 256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2
36

96

48
84

Hosts
68

-
88

2
2

2
4

4
6

1,04

2,09

4,19
262

52
131
65,5
32,7
16,3
1,02

2,0

4,0

4,2

4,30
8,19

8,57

7,15

Number of
,07

,144
512

.
36
48

96

84

68

Subnets - 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 .

88
2

2
4

4
6

Binary values -128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 . 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 . 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

118. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
128
64
32
16
8
4 128 131,072
+2 -2 -2
254 126 131,070
17
 Custom Subnet Masks

Problem 7
Number of needed subnets 2000
Number of needed usable hosts 15
Network Address 178.100.0.0

B
Address class __________

255 . 255 . 0 . 0
Default subnet mask _______________________________

255 . 255 . 255 . 224

Custom subnet mask _______________________________

2,048
Total number of subnets ___________________

32
Total number of host addresses ___________________

30
Number of usable addresses ___________________

11
Number of bits borrowed ___________________

Show your work for Problem 7 in the space below.

65,

32,

16,3

4,0

2,0

1,02
8,19

512
536

768

Number of
84

96

48

. 256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2
2

Hosts -

65,
32,
16,3
4,0
102

204

8,19

536
512

Number of
768
84
96

Subnets - 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256.

2
4

Binary values - 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 . 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

178 . 100 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

128
64
32
16
8
4 2,048 32
2 -2 -2
+1 2,046 30
18 255
 Custom Subnet Masks

Problem 8
Number of needed subnets 3
Number of needed usable hosts 45
Network Address 200.175.14.0

C
Address class _______

255 . 255 . 255 . 0

Default subnet mask _______________________________

255 . 255 . 255 . 192

Custom subnet mask _______________________________

4
Total number of subnets ___________________

64
Total number of host addresses ___________________

62
Number of usable addresses ___________________

2
Number of bits borrowed ___________________

Show your work for Problem 8 in the space below.

Number of
256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 - Hosts
Number of
Subnets - 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 - Binary values
200 . 175 . 14 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

128 4 64
+64 -2 -2
240 2 62
19
 Custom Subnet Masks

Problem 9
Number of needed subnets 60
Number of needed usable hosts 1,000
Network Address 128.77.0.0

B
Address class _______

255 . 255 . 0 . 0
Default subnet mask _______________________________

255 . 255 . 252 . 0

Custom subnet mask _______________________________

64
Total number of subnets ___________________

1,024
Total number of host addresses ___________________

1,022
Number of usable addresses ___________________

6
Number of bits borrowed ___________________

Show your work for Problem 9 in the space below.

65,

32,

16,3

4,0

2,0

1,02
8,19

512
536

768

Number of
84

96

48

. 256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2
2

Hosts -
65,
32,
16,3
4,0
102

204

8,19

536
512

Number of
768
84
96

Subnets - 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256.

2
4

Binary values - 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 . 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

128 . 77 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

128
64
32
16
8 64 1,024
+4 -2 -2
252 62 1,022
20
 Custom Subnet Masks

Problem 10
Number of needed usable hosts 60
Network Address 198.100.10.0

C
Address class _______

255 . 255 . 255 . 0

Default subnet mask _______________________________

255 . 255 . 255 . 192

Custom subnet mask _______________________________

4
Total number of subnets ___________________

64
Total number of host addresses ___________________

62
Number of usable addresses ___________________

2
Number of bits borrowed ___________________

Show your work for Problem 10 in the space below.

Number of
256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 - Hosts
Number of
Subnets - 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 - Binary values
198 . 100 . 10 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

128 64 4
+64 -2 -2
192 62 2
21
 Custom Subnet Masks

Problem 11
Number of needed subnets 250
Network Address 101.0.0.0

A
Address class _______

255 . 0 . 0 . 0
Default subnet mask _______________________________

255 . 255 . 0 . 0
Custom subnet mask _______________________________

256
Total number of subnets ___________________

65,536
Total number of host addresses ___________________

65,534
Number of usable addresses ___________________

8
Number of bits borrowed ___________________

Show your work for Problem 11 in the space below.

4,19

2,09

1,04

52

262

131

65,5

32,7

16,3

4,0

2,0

1,02
4,2
4,30

8,19
8,57
7,15

Number of
,07
,144

512

. 256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2
36

96

48
84

Hosts
68

-
88

2
2

2
4

4
6

1,04

2,09

4,19
262

52
131
65,5
32,7
16,3
1,02

2,0

4,0

4,2

4,30
8,19

8,57

7,15

Number of
,07

,144
512

. .
36
48

96

84

68

88
2

2
4

4
6

Subnets - 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256

Binary values -128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 . 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 . 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

101. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

128
64
32
16
8
4
2 256 65,536
+1 -2 -2
255 254 65,534
22
 Custom Subnet Masks

Problem 12
Number of needed subnets 5
Network Address 218.35.50.0

C
Address class _______

255 . 255 . 255 . 0

Default subnet mask _______________________________

255 . 255 . 255 . 224

Custom subnet mask _______________________________

8
Total number of subnets ___________________

32
Total number of host addresses ___________________

30
Number of usable addresses ___________________

3
Number of bits borrowed ___________________

Show your work for Problem 12 in the space below.

Number of
256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 - Hosts
Number of
Subnets - 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 - Binary values
218 . 35 . 50 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

128
64 64 4
+32 -2 -2
224 62 2
23
 Custom Subnet Masks

Problem 13
Number of needed usable hosts 25
Network Address 218.35.50.0

C
Address class _______

255 . 255 . 255 . 0

Default subnet mask _______________________________

255 . 255 . 255 . 224

Custom subnet mask _______________________________

8
Total number of subnets ___________________

32
Total number of host addresses ___________________

30
Number of usable addresses ___________________

3
Number of bits borrowed ___________________

Show your work for Problem 13 in the space below.

Number of
256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 - Hosts
Number of
Subnets - 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 - Binary values
218 . 35 . 50 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

128
64 8 32
+32 -2 -2
224 6 30
24
 Custom Subnet Masks

Problem 14
Number of needed subnets 10
Network Address 172.59.0.0

B
Address class _______

255 . 255 . 0 . 0
Default subnet mask _______________________________

255 . 255 . 240 . 0

Custom subnet mask _______________________________

16
Total number of subnets ___________________

4,096
Total number of host addresses ___________________

4,094
Number of usable addresses ___________________

4
Number of bits borrowed ___________________

Show your work for Problem 14 in the space below.

65,

32,

16,3

4,0

2,0

1,02
8,19

512
536

768

Number of
84

96

48

. 256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2
2

Hosts -

65,
32,
16,3
4,0
102

204

8,19

536
512

Number of 768
84
96

Subnets - 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256.

2
4

Binary values - 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 . 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

172 . 59 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

128
64
32 16 4,096
+16 -2 -2
240 14 4,094
25