Created by T.
Madas
Question 13 (***)
The curve C has equation
2 cos 3 x sin y = 1 , 0 ≤ x, y ≤ π .
a) Show that
dy
= 3 tan 3 x tan y .
dx
§π π·
The point P ¨ , ¸ lies on C .
© 12 4 ¹
b) Show that an equation of the tangent to C at P is
y = 3x .
proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 14 (***)
A curve has equation
3x 2 − xy + y 2 + 2 x − 4 y = 1 .
a) Show clearly that
dy 2 + 6 x − y
= .
dx 4 − 2 y + x
b) Hence show further that the value of x at the stationary points of the curve
satisfies the equation
5
x2 = .
33
proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 39 (****)
The equation of a curve is given implicitly by
4 y + y 2 e3 x = x 3 + C ,
where C is a non zero constant.
dy
a) Find a simplified expression for .
dx
The point P (1, k ) , where k > 0 , is a stationary point of the curve.
b) Find an exact value for C .
C4L ,
(
2
dy 3 x − y e
=
2 3x
) −3
, C = 4e 2
dx ( )
2 2 + y e3 x
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 40 (****)
A curve C has implicit equation
2x + 1
y= .
xy + 3
dy
a) Find an expression for , in terms of x and y .
dx
b) Show that there is no point on C , where the tangent is parallel to the y axis.
dy 2 − y 2
C4N , =
dx 2 xy + 3
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 49 (****)
The equation of a curve is given implicitly by
y 2 − x2 = 1 , y ≥1 .
Show clearly that
d2y y 2 − x2
= .
dx 2 y3
proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 4 (**+)
1
The binomial expression (1 + x ) 3 is to be expanded as an infinite convergent series, in
ascending powers of x .
1
a) Determine the expansion of (1 + x ) 3 , up and including the term in x3 .
1
b) Use the expansion of part (a) to find the expansion of (1 − 3 x ) 3 , up and
including the term in x3 .
1
c) Use the expansion of part (a) to find the expansion of ( 27 − 27 x ) 3 , up and
including the term in x3 .
3 9 81 ( ) 3 ( )
1 + 1 x − 1 x 2 + 5 x 3 + O x 4 , 1 − x − x 2 − 5 x3 + O x 4 ,
3 − x − 1 x 2 − 5 x3 + O ( x 4 )
3 27
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 5 (**+)
5x + 3 1
f ( x) = , x< .
(1 − x )(1 + 3x ) 3
a) Express f ( x ) into partial fractions.
b) Hence find the series expansion of f ( x ) , up and including the term in x3 .
C4B , f ( x ) =
2
+
1
1 − x 1 + 3x
( )
, f ( x ) = 3 − x + 11x 2 − 25 x3 + O x 4
Question 6 (**+)
2x
f ( x) = , x≠−1 .
(1 + 2 x ) 3 2
a) Find the first 4 terms in the series expansion of f ( x ) .
b) State the range of values of x for which the expansion of f ( x ) is valid.
( )
C4B , f ( x ) = 2 x − 12 x 2 + 48 x3 − 160 x 4 + O x5 , − 1 < x < 1
2 2
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 11 (***)
1 1
y = 4 − 12 x , − < x < .
3 3
a) Find the binomial expansion of y in ascending powers of x up and including
the term in x3 , writing all coefficients in their simplest form.
b) Hence find the coefficient of x 2 in the expansion of
1
(12 x − 4 )( 4 − 12 x ) 2 .
4 8 ( )
C4M , y = 2 − 3 x − 9 x 2 − 27 x3 + O x 4 , −27
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 12 (***)
−1
The binomial (1 + x ) 2 is to be expanded as an infinite convergent series, in ascending
powers of x .
−1
a) Find the series expansion of (1 + x ) 2 up and including the term in x3 .
1
b) Use the expansion of part (a) to find the expansion of , up and
1 + 2x
including the term in x3 .
1
c) State the range of values of x for which the expansion of is valid.
1 + 2x
1
d) Use the expansion of with x = −0.1 to show that 5 ≈ 2.235 .
1 + 2x
8 16 ( )
1 − 1 x + 3 x 2 − 5 x3 + O x 4 ,
2 2 2 ( )
1 − x + 3 x 2 − 5 x3 + O x 4 , − 1 < x < 1
2 2
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 13 (***)
1
f ( x) = 1− 2x , x< .
2
a) Expand f ( x ) as an infinite series, up and including the term in x3 .
b) By substituting x = 0.01 in the expansion, show that 2 ≈ 1.414214 .
2 2 ( )
f ( x ) = 1 − x − 1 x 2 − 1 x3 + O x 4
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 4 (**+)
y
C
R
x
O 4 11
The figure above shows the curve C , given parametrically by
2
x = t3 + 3 , y = , t > 0.
3t
The finite region R is bounded by C , the x axis and the straight lines with equations
x = 4 and x = 11 .
a) Show that the area of R is 3 square units.
The region R is revolved in the x axis by 2π radians to form a solid of revolution S .
b) Find the volume of S .
4π
V=
3
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 5 (***)
C
R
x
O P
The figure above shows the curve C , given parametrically by
x = 6t 2 , y = t − t2 , t ≥ 0 .
The curve meets the x axis at the origin O and at the point P .
a) Show that the x coordinate of P is 6 .
The finite region R , bounded by C and the x axis, is revolved in the x axis by 2π
radians to form a solid of revolution, whose volume is denoted by V .
b) Show clearly that
³
T
( )
2
V =π 12t t − t 2 dt ,
0
stating the value of T .
c) Hence find the value of V .
π
C4J , T = 1 , V =
5
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 11 (***+)
x
P O Q
The figure above shows a curve known as a re-entrant cycloid, with parametric
equations
x = θ − 4sin θ , y = 1 − 2cosθ , 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π .
The curve crosses the x axis at the points P and Q .
a) Find the value of θ at the points P and Q .
b) Show that the area of the finite region bounded by the curve and the x axis,
shown shaded in the figure above, is given by the integral
θ2
³ θ1
1 − 6 cos θ + 8cos 2 θ dθ ,
where θ1 and θ 2 must be stated.
c) Find an exact value for the above integral.
π 5π π 5π 20π
θ= , , θ1 = ,θ 2 = , +4 3
3 3 3 3 3
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 12 (***+)
y
x
O B
The figure above shows the curve C , with parametric equations
x = t2 , y = 1 + cos t , 0 ≤ t ≤ 2π .
The curve meets the coordinate axes at the points A and B .
a) Show that the area of the shaded region bounded by C and the coordinate axes
is given by the integral
³
t2
2t (1 + cos t ) dt ,
t1
where t1 and t2 are constants to be stated.
b) Evaluate the above parametric integral to find an exact value for the area of the
shaded region.
t1 = 0, t2 = π , area = π 2 − 4
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 16 (****)
y
R
P y=1
2
x
O B
The figure above shows the curve C , with parametric equations
π
x = 4cos θ , y = sin θ , 0 ≤ θ ≤ .
2
The curve meets the coordinate axes at the points A and B . The straight line with
equation y = 1 meets C at the point P .
2
a) Show that the area under the arc of the curve between A and P , and the x
axis, is given by the integral
³
2
4sin 2 θ dθ .
π
6
The shaded region R is bounded by C , the straight line with equation y = 1 and the
2
y axis.
b) Find an exact value for the area of R .
(
area = 1 4π − 3 3
6 )
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 12 (***)
A curve C is given parametrically by
5
x = 4t − 1 , y = + 10 , t ∈ \ , t ≠ 0 .
2t
The curve C crosses the x axis at the point A .
a) Find the coordinates of A .
b) Show that an equation of the tangent to C at A is
10 x + y + 20 = 0 .
c) Determine a Cartesian equation for C .
10 ( x + 2 )
( −2,0 ) , ( x + 1)( y − 10 ) = 10 or y =
x +1
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 13 (***)
A curve C is given parametrically by
1
x = 3t − 1 , y = , t ∈ \ , t ≠ 0 .
t
Show that an equation of the normal to C at the point where C crosses the y axis is
1
y = x + 3.
3
proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 24 (***+)
A curve C is defined by the parametric equations
x = cos t , y = cos 2t , 0 ≤ t ≤ π .
dy
a) Find in its simplest form.
dx
b) Find a Cartesian equation for C .
c) Sketch the graph of C .
The sketch must include
• the coordinates of the endpoints of the graph.
• the coordinates of any points where the graph meets the coordinates axes.
dy
dx
= 4cos t , y = 2 x 2 − 1 , ( −1,1)(1,1) , ( 0, −1) , ( − 22 ,0)( 22 , 0)
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 25 (***+)
A curve C is given by the parametric equations
3t − 2 t 2 − 2t + 2
x= , y= , t ∈ \ , t ≠ 1.
t −1 t −1
a) Show clearly that
dy
= 2t − t 2 .
dx
( )
The point P 1, − 5 lies on C .
2
b) Show that the equation of the tangent to C at the point P is
3 x − 4 y − 13 = 0 .
proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 49 (****)
A curve C is given by the parametric equations
π
x = secθ , y = ln (1 + cos 2θ ) , 0 ≤θ < .
2
a) Show clearly that
dy
= −2cos θ .
dx
π
The straight line L is a tangent to C at the point where θ = .
3
b) Find an equation for L , giving the answer in the form y + x = k , where k is
an exact constant to be found.
c) Show that a Cartesian equation of C is
x2 e y = 2 .
y + x = 2 − ln 2
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 3
Carry out the following integrations:
³
1 1
1. 1 x e4 x
2 dx = x e4 x − e4 x + C
8 32
³ 5x sin 4x dx = − 4 x cos 4x + 16 sin 4x + C
5 5
2.
³
1 1
3. ( 2 x + 1) cos 2 x dx = ( 2 x + 1) sin 2 x + cos 2 x + C
2 2
³
3 3
4. −3 x cos 4 x dx = − x sin 4 x − cos 4 x + C
4 16
³
1 1 1
5. x 2 e−2 x dx = − x 2 e −2 x − x e −2 x − e −2 x + C
2 2 4
³
1 2 2
6. x 2 sin 5 x dx = − x 2 cos5 x + x sin 5 x + cos5 x + C
5 25 125
7.
³ x 2 cos 13 x dx = 3x 2 sin 13 x + 18 x cos 13 x − 54sin 13 x + C
³
1 1
8. 1 x 3 ln x
2 dx = x 4 ln x − x 4 + C
8 32
³
1 2 1
9. x ln 3 x dx = x ln 3 x − x 2 + C
2 4
³
ln x ln x 1
10. 3
dx = − 2 − 2 + C
x 2x 4x
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 6
f ( x ) ≡ 9sin x + 12cos x , x ∈ \ .
π
a) Express f ( x ) in the form R sin ( x + α ) , R > 0 , 0 < α < .
2
b) Hence, solve the trigonometric equation
9sin x + 12 cos x = 7.5 , 0 < x < 2π .
( )
f ( x ) ≡ 9sin x + 12cos x ≅ 15sin x + 0.927c , x ≈ 1.69c , 5.88c
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 9
f (θ ) ≡ 4sin θ + 3cos θ , θ ∈ \ .
a) Write the above expression in the form R sin (θ + α ) , R > 0 , 0 < α < 90° .
b) Write down the maximum value of f (θ ) .
c) Find the smallest positive value of θ for which this maximum value occurs.
f (θ ) ≡ 4sin θ + 3cos θ ≅ 5sin (θ + 36.9° ) , f (θ )max = 5 , θ ≈ 53.1°
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 10
f ( x ) ≡ sin x − 3 cos x , x ∈ \ .
π
a) Express f ( x ) in the form R sin ( x − α ) , R > 0 , 0 < α < .
2
b) Write down the maximum value of f ( x ) .
c) Find the smallest positive value of x for which this maximum value occurs.
§ π· 5π
f ( x ) ≡ sin x − 3 cos x ≡ 2sin ¨ x − ¸ , f ( x )max = 2 , x =
© 3¹ 6
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 15
f ( x ) ≡ 3sin x + cos x , x ∈ \
π
a) Express f ( x ) in the form R cos ( x − α ) , R > 0 , 0 < α < .
2
b) Solve the equation
f ( x ) = 2 for 0 < x < 2π .
c) Write down the minimum value of f ( x ) .
d) Find the smallest positive value of x for which this minimum value occurs.
( )
f ( x ) ≅ 10 cos x − 1.249c , x = 0.363c , 2.135c , f ( x )min = − 10 , x = 4.391c
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 17
f ( x ) ≡ 2sin x + 2cos x , x ∈ \ .
π
a) Express f ( x ) in the form R sin ( x + α ) , R > 0 , 0 < α < .
2
b) State the minimum and the maximum value of …
§ π·
i. … y = f ¨ x − ¸ .
© 2¹
ii. … y = 2 f ( x ) + 1 .
iii. … y = ª¬ f ( x ) º¼ .
2
10
iv. … y = .
f ( x) + 3 2
§ π·
f ( x ) ≡ 8 sin ¨ x + ¸ , ª¬ − 8, 8 º¼ , ª¬ −2 8 + 1, 2 8 + 1º¼ , [0,8] , ª 2,5 2 º
¬ ¼
© 4¹
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 7 (***)
x = 4sin θ + 7 cos θ .
The value of θ is increasing at the constant rate of 0.5 , in suitable units.
π
Find the rate at which x is changing, when θ = .
2
C4I , − 7
2
Question 8 (***)
Fine sand is dropping on a horizontal floor at the constant rate of 4 cm3s −1 and forms
a pile whose volume, V cm3 , and height, h cm , are connected by the formula
V = −8 + h 4 + 64 .
Find the rate at which the height of the pile is increasing, when the height of the pile
has reached 2 cm .
C4M , 5 ≈ 2.24 cm s −1
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 9 (***)
An oil spillage on the surface of the sea remains circular at all times.
The radius of the spillage, r km , is increasing at the constant rate of 0.5 km h −1 .
a) Find the rate at which the area of the spillage, A km 2 , is increasing, when the
circle’s radius has reached 10 km .
A different oil spillage on the surface of the sea also remains circular at all times.
The area of this spillage, A km 2 , is increasing at the rate of 0.5 km 2 h −1 .
b) Show that when the area of the spillage has reached 10 km 2 , the rate at which
the radius r of the spillage is increasing is
1
km h −1 .
4 10π
10π ≈ 31.4 km 2 h −1
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 10 (***)
Liquid dye is poured onto a large flat cloth and forms a circular stain, the area of
which grows at a steady rate of 1.5 cm 2s −1 .
Calculate, correct to three significant figures, …
a) … the radius, in cm , of the stain 4 seconds after it started forming.
b) … the rate, in cms −1 , of increase of the radius of the stain after 4 seconds.
6 3
C4C , r = ≈ 1.38 cm , ≈ 0.173 cms −1
π 32π
Question 11 (***)
The variables y , x and t are related by the equations
§ 27 · 1
y = 15 ¨ 4 − ¸ and ln ( x + 3) = t , x > −3 .
¨ ( x + 3)3 ¹¸ 3
©
dy
Find the value of , when x = 9 .
dt
dy 15
C4K , =
dt 64
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 12 (***+)
Two variables x and y are related by
y = 1 π x2 ( 4 − x ) .
4
The variable y is changing with time t , at the constant rate of 0.2 , in suitable units.
Find the rate at which x is changing with respect to t , when x = 2 .
1
≈ 0.0637
5π
Question 13 (***+)
The variables y , x and t are related by the equations
1 x −1
y = 10e 5 and x = 6t + 1 , t ≥ 0 .
dy
Find the value of , when t = 4 .
dt
dy 6
C4N , =
dt t =4 5
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 14 (****)
Liquid is pouring into a container at the constant rate of 30 cm3s −1 .
The container is initially empty and when the height of the liquid in the container is
h cm the volume of the liquid, V cm3 , is given by
V = 36h 2 .
a) Find the rate at which the height of the liquid in the container is rising when
the height of the liquid reaches 3 cm .
b) Determine the rate at which the height of the liquid in the container is rising
12.5 minutes after the liquid started pouring in.
C4O , 5 = 0.139 cms −1 , 1 = 0.0167 cm s −1
36 60
Created by T. Madas
