COMPUTER FUNDAMENTAL

UNIT5

Microsoft Windows
Microsoft Windows is a group of several graphical operating system families, all of which are developed, marketed, and sold by Microsoft. Each family caters to a
certain sector of the computing industry. Active Windows families include Windows NT and Windows Embedded; these may encompass subfamilies, e.g. Windows
Embedded Compact (Windows CE) or Windows Server. Defunct Windows families include Windows 9x, Windows Mobile and Windows Phone.
.

Icon (computing)
In computing, an icon is a pictogram or ideogram displayed on a computer screen in order to help the user navigate a computer system. The
icon itself is a quickly comprehensible symbol of a software tool, function, or a data file, accessible on the system and is more like a traffic
sign than a detailed illustration of the actual entity it represents.[1] It can serve as an electronic hyperlink or file shortcut to access the program or
data. The user can activate an icon using a mouse, pointer, finger, or recently voice commands. Their placement on the screen, also in relation
to other icons, may provide further information to the user about their usage

My Computer
My Computer is a section of Microsoft Windows first found in Windows 95 and
included with all later versions that allows you to explore and manage the contents
of your computer drives. That My Computer folder sitting at the top of your desktop and on
your Start menu in Windows XP is a useful, multipurpose tool. The My Computer folder in
Windows XP is a gateway to all the data stored on the computer, attached devices, and the
network -- as well as a shortcut to most of your system information. It also has shortcuts to
system updates and restoration features.

Recycle Bin
In Windows, the Recycle Bin is a folder or directory where deleted items are temporarily stored. Deleted files are not permanently
removed from the hard drive but are sent instead to the Recycle Bin, unless they are too large. The files in the Recycle Bin can
be restored to their original location. They cannot be used directly while they are in the Recycle Bin.

Internet Explorer (IE)

Internet Explorer (IE) is a World Wide Web browser that comes bundled with the Microsoft Windows operating
system (OS) Internet Explorer (IE); formerly known as Microsoft Internet Explorer and Windows Internet Explorer,
was a series of graphical web browsers developed by Microsoft. Internet Explorer has been designed to view a broad range
of web pages and to provide certain features within the operating system, including Microsoft Update.

Network Neighbourhood
Network Neighborhood is the Microsoft Windows name for a way/method to browse the Local Area Network. "Network
Neighborhood" has become "My Network Places" in Windows XP and "Computers Near Me" in Windows Vista and 7. The
function remains the same.
My Documents
My
My Documents is the commonly recognized name of a special folder in Microsoft Windows .
Documents and Documents are Microsoft Windows folders that store computer documents and
other files associated with programs on your computer. For example, when saving a file in Microsoft
Word, the default folder is My Documents. Saving all your files into the My Documents folder makes
them easier to backup and locate.
 How to create a folder
1. Go to the area where you want to create the folder. The easiest example is your computer's desktop, but you can create a
folder anywhere on your computer. ...
2. Right-click on a blank space. Doing so opens a drop-down menu. ...
3. Select New. ...
4. Click Folder. ...
5. Type in a name for your folder and press ↵ Enter .
CUT, COPY, AND PASTE SELECTED FILES AND FOLDERS
How to Cut and Copy in Word
There are several ways to use the Cut and Copy commands and they're universal to all versions of Microsoft Word. First,
use your mouse to highlight the text, image, table, or another item you want to cut or copy. Then, use one of the following
commands:

• Select the Home tab on the Ribbon, then select Cut or Copy.
• Right-click the selected text and choose Cut or Copy.
• Use the key shortcut Ctrl + X to cut or use Ctrl + C to copy.

How to Paste the Last Item Cut or Copied in Word

There are several ways to use the Paste command that are universal to all versions of Microsoft Word. First, you must either
use the Cut or Copy command to save an item to the Clipboard. Then, to paste it, do one of the following:

• Select the Home tab, then select Paste.

• Place your cursor where you want the text or images to go in the document, then right-click and choose Paste.
• Use the key combinations Ctrl + V to paste. This is the keyboard shortcut for Paste and is universal to most Microsoft
Office applications.
Rename
Rename is a term used to describe the process of changing the name of an object.
For example, you could rename a filecalled "12345.txt" on a computer to "book.txt"
so it can be identified without having to open and read its contents.

START BUTTON :The Start or Start button was first introduced with the release of Microsoft
Windows 95 and is found in all releases of Windows since. Start allows you to access your
computer programs and configure Microsoft Windows easily by accessing the Start menu.

Computer program
A computer program is a collection of instructions[1] that performs a specific task when executed by
a computer. A computer requires programs to function.
A computer program is usually written by a computer programmer in a programming language. From the
program in its human-readable form of source code, a compiler can derive machine code—a form consisting
of instructions that the computer can directly execute. Alternatively, a computer program may be executed
with the aid of an interpreter.
A collection of computer programs, libraries, and related data are referred to as software. Computer
programs may be categorized along functional lines, such as application software and system software.

Favorite
 Sometimes abbreviated as fav, a favorite is a feature found in Microsoft Internet Explorer that
allows a user to save the locations to their favorite Internet locations. Similar to Netscape's and
Firefox bookmarks. To view the favorites in Internet Explorer click the star icon in the top-right
corner of the browser window, as shown in the picture.

Setting in computer

To open PC settings. Swipe in from the right edge of the screen, tap Search (or if you're using a
mouse, point to the upper-right corner of the screen, move the mouse pointer down, and then click
Search), enter PC settings in the search box, and then tap or click PC settings.

Find
1. Find is a term used to describe a process of locating a specified text, file, document, or
other objects on a computer or the Internet. For example, you can press the keyboard
shortcut Ctrl+F .now to open a find window and search for any text on this page

Run
1. The Windows Run or Run box is a feature first introduced in Microsoft Windows 95 and
included in all later versions of Windows. It allows the user to open a program by name if
found in the Windows directory or start any file by typing in the full path. The picture below
shows an example of what the Run box looks like in Microsoft Windows XP.

Shutdown (computing)
To shut down or power off a computer is to remove power from a computer's main components in a controlled way. After a
computer is shut down, main components such as CPUs, RAM modules and hard disk drives are powered down, although
some internal components, such as an internal clock, may retain power.

APPLICATION Icon
Application Icons are used to depict a particular application in a phone or computer. It is used by different application
maker to launch the icon. Tapping or clicking an icon would open up the corresponding application to get it in use. It is
basically a pictogram, which is a part of graphical user interface, linked to an application to help a user navigate through his
IPhone, Android device, laptop or PC. They are mostly miniatures of broader symbols used in different devices which are
often globally accepted.

UNIT 2

Microsoft Word
Microsoft word is application software developed by Microsoft . MS Word 2000 is an application program that allows
you to create letters, reports, newsletters, tables, form letters, brochures, and Web pages. Using Word you can add
pictures, tables, and charts to your documents. You can also check spelling and grammar.
MAIN FEATURES OF MS WORD –

You can create documents fast, using built-in and custom templates.

– You can easily manage large documents using various features, like the ability to create table of contents, index, and
crossreferences.

– With the help of mail merge, you can quickly create merge documents like mass mailings or mailing labels.

– You can easily create and format tables using the features like AutoFormat.

– AutoCorrect and AutoFormat features rectify typographical errors

WORK SPAC E
The Workspace in Microsoft Word 2013 is the layout of commands in the screen available to the user. The upper
part of the Workspace contains elements like the Quick Access Toolbar, Ribbon, as well as the standard
Windows Close, Minimize/Maximizeand ,Help buttons. The bottom of the Workspace contains the Status Bar, which
includes Zoom and Mode controls. The Backstage View contains information about documents in the Info
Tab, Advanced Properties command, the Statistics Tab and a Show Documents panel. The view also contains
various options such as New, Open, Save, Save As, Print, Share, Export and Close.

Five Ways to Open Microsoft Word

1.

Click the Start button. Type "word" without quotation marks into the search box. Click "Microsoft Word 2010" in the list that appears.
 2.

Click the Start button. Hover the mouse pointer over "All Programs." Scroll down to the Microsoft Office folder and click it. Select "Microsoft Word 2010."

3.

Press the Windows key and "R" on the keyboard at the same time to bring up the Run dialogue. Type "WinWord.exe" without quotation marks into the box.

4.

Right-click on an empty area of the Windows 7 desktop. Hover the mouse pointer over "New" in the menu that appears. Click "Shortcut." Type or copy and paste
"C:\Program Files\Microsoft Office\Office14\WINWORD.EXE" into the box. Click "Next." Type "Word" into the box and click "Finish." Double-click the Word
shortcut that appears on the desktop to launch Word.

5.

Open an MS Word file on your computer by double-clicking it. If you are asked to choose an application to open the file with, select "Microsoft Word." You may
close the file you have opened if you do not want to use it now and open another one instead.

HOW TO QUIT MICROSOFT WORD

When you’re done word processing and you don’t expect to return to it anytime soon, you can quit the
Word program:
1. Click the File tab.
The Word screen is replaced by the File tab menu screen. Do not be alarmed.
2. Choose the Exit command.
Word vanishes from the screen.
Using Editing and Proofing Tools

Taking advantage of Microsoft Word’s proofing and editing options can help you maintain a scholarly level of writing and
complete the dissertation process more quickly.

The first step to turning on the proofing and editing features is knowing how to access these options. The quickest way
to access this is to go File à Options (should be at the bottom of the File drop-down). After selecting Options, a more
in-depth panel should appear that includes a new list of options to choose from (see Figure 1). The Proofing option
should appear on the left; in Word 2016, this option is the third down from the top.
 Figure 2. Grammar settings in Microsoft Word Figure 1. Word Options panel.

Within the Proofing tab, there are various formatting choices that one can make, depending on school and formatting guideline
requirements. If following APA style, make sure that the Dictionary is set to English (United States). To check this, click on
the Custom Dictionaries… button and under the Dictionary language drop-down and select English (United States). This will
ensure that Microsoft Word is checking the proper spelling of words throughout the entire document.

Merger – Merge or Combine Many Word Documents Into

One
If you want to combine or merger many word document into one file and you don’t want to do it
manually, This piece of software will allow you merge as many word document you want, say 500-
1000 word documents. This tool will provide you to option to select ot de-select word documents
before merging

How to use a mouse

Your computer mouse lets you move the cursor (pointer) round the screen and then ‘click’ to start a program or begin writing in a particular place or open a
menu to see what choices you have. All desktop computers come with a mouse, and you can use one on a laptop if you don’t like the touchpad that’s built into
it.

Invented in 1963 by Douglas Engelbart, the computer mouse has developed over the years and now comes in a variety of designs. It’s called ‘mouse’ because it
has a basic mouse shape and the cable that attaches it to the computer looks like a tail. When referring to the device in the plural, both ‘mice’ and ‘mouses’ are
acceptable, according to the Oxford English Dictionary.

Mice were first made with two gear wheels to define direction and then with a ‘trackball’, all of which moved in contact with a surface. Today optical mice that
use light to detect direction are more common. Mice can also be cordless, making them easier to move.

Dialog box

A dialog box (also spelled dialogue box, also called a dialog) is a common type of window in
the GUI of an operating system. It displays information, and asks a user for input.

For example, when you are using a program and you want to open a file, you use the File
Open dialog box. In Microsoft Windows, when you right-click a file and choose Properties, you
are presented with the Properties dialog box.

primary commands in file menu

Open New Opens a new MRC file for saving single-frame images.

Open Old Opens an existing image file.

New Montage Opens a new file for saving montaged images

Montage Setup Starts dialog for setting montage parameters.

Close Closes an open image file.

Save A Saves image in Buffer A to file.

Save Active Saves image in active window to file.

Overwrite Saves image, overwriting a section in the file.

Save Single/Save to Saves image in active window to a single-image file other than the open image file.
Other

Set Truncation Sets the amount of data that will be truncated if data are saved as bytes.

Set 16-bit Policy Sets how 16-bit data will be treated when saved to file.

Set Signed Policy Sets how signed data are treated when saved to unsigned mode file.

Skip File Properties Toggles option to use existing options and skip file properties dialog.
Dlg

Read Reads an image from a file.

Read from Other Reads an image from a file other than the open file.
Read Piece Reads one piece from a montaged image file.

Open Log Opens a log window to record program messages.

Save Log Saves the log window to a file.

Save Log As Saves the log window to a different file.

Read & Append Reads from an existing log file and appends output to it.

Continuous Save Toggles saving to file after each line of output to log window.

Open .mdoc for Opens a file for saving metadata about saved camera movie frames
Frames

Close Frames .mdoc Closes the metadata file for saved movie frames

Exit Exits SerialEM.

the open commands

Open Command Prompt from the Run Box. Press Windows+R to open “Run” box. Type “cmd” and
then click “OK” to open a regular Command Prompt. Type “cmd” and then press Ctrl+Shift+Enter
to open an administrator Command Prompt.

File name (-FILENAME) command

Specifies the name of the file to GET from or PUT to the server. This command is required.
-FILENAME command syntax

>>-+- -FILENAME-+--+-file_name-----+---------------------------><
'- -F--------' '-absolute_path-'
file_name
Specifies a simple file name to GET from or PUT to a Sterling Connect:Direct server. Use the file name only when Sterling
Connect:Direct is configured with a directory restriction. Otherwise, use the absolute path to the file.
absolute_path
Specifies the absolute path to a file to GET from or PUT to a Sterling Connect:Direct server. Use the absolute path
when Sterling Connect:Direct is not configured with a directory restriction.
Save
The process of writing data to a storage medium, such as a floppy disk, CD-R, USB flash drive,
or hard drive. The Save option is found in almost all programs commonly under the "File" drop-
down menu or through an icon that resembles a floppy diskette, like that shown in the picture to
the right. When clicking the Save option, the file will be saved as its previous name. However, if
the file is new, the program will ask the user to name the file and where to save the file.

Save As
A command in the File menu of most applications that causes a copy of the current document or image to be created. It differs from the regular Save
command, which stores the data back to the file and folder it originally came from. "Save As" lets the user make a copy of the file in a different folder or
make a copy with a different name.

Export with Save As

In many applications, the Save As option is the way to save the data to a different file format, which is called "exporting." If the Save As dialog box
offers several file types, it is providing the conversion to those formats. For example, in a graphics program, the Save As dialog might have numerous
graphics format options (see below). See

Save the Command

Saving the output of a Windows Command Prompt command is a great way to get a nice neat copy to share with support staff, analyze longer
outputs using your favorite text editor, or otherwise interact with the output with more flexibility than staying in the command window allows
for.
To redirect the output of a command to a text file instead of printing it to the screen in the command window, we simply need to execute the
command and append it with the “>” angle bracket symbol—called, appropriately enough, a redirection.

If, for example, you wanted to save the output of the DIR function to a text file instead of scrolling for page after page on your screen in the
command window, you would execute the command

Page Setup

Use the Page Setup dialog box to set up layout and print options of a page.

Click on the Page Layout tab, then in the Page Setup group, click the Dialog Box
Launcher .

the print command

The print command is used to print a file directly without using a Windows application that
supports printing. Specifies the name of the Windows server on which the z/OS printer was defined
as a Windows shared printer.
exit (command)
In computing, exit is a command used in many operating system command-line shells and scripting languages.
The command causes the shell or program to terminate. If performed within an interactive command shell, the user is logged out of their current session, and/or
user's current console or terminal connection is disconnected. Typically an optional exit code can be specified, which is typically a simple integer value that is then
returned to the parent process.
Operating systems, shells and scripting languages providing this command
include OS/2, FlexOS[1], MPE/iX[2] , KolibriOS[3], SymbOS[4], cmd.exe[5], sh, ksh, Perl, AWK, PHP, TCL, PowerShell and others.
The command is also available in the open source MS-DOS emulator DOSBox.
The numerical computing environment MATLAB includes an exit function with similar functionality.[6]

cut command

The cut command in UNIX is a command for cuttingout the sections from each line of files and
writing the result to standard output. It can be used to cut parts of a line by byte position, character
and field. Basically thecut command slices a line and extracts the text.

copy command

Press CTRL + C to copy it, and press CTRL + V to paste it in the window. You can also easily paste
text you've copied from another program into thecommand prompt using the same shortcut.

paste command

Press CTRL + C to copy it, and press CTRL + V to paste it in the window. You can also easily paste
text you've copied from another program into the command prompt using the same shortcut.

Undo
Undo is an interaction technique which is implemented in many computer programs. It erases the last change done to the document reverting it to an older state. In
some more advanced programs such as graphic processing, undo will negate the last command done to the file being edited. With the possibility of undo, users can
explore and work with the programs without fear of making mistakes because they can easily be undone.
So the expectations for undo are to be easy to understand, to have a predictable functionality and to include all undoable commands.[1] Usually undo is always
available until the user undoes all executed operations back. But there are some actions which are not stored in the undo list and so there’s no possibility to undo
these. For example saving file is not undoable, but is queued in the list to show, that this command was executed. Another action, which is not undoable and not
stored, too, is scrolling or selection.[2]

The Repeat Command

A Repeat loop executes a block of commands between the Repeat and End commands until the specified condition is true. The condition is tested at the end of the
loop (when the End command is encountered), so the loop will always be executed at least once. This means that you sometimes don't have to declare or initialize
the variables in the condition before the loop.

After each time the Repeat loop is executed, the condition is checked to see if it is true. If it is true, then the loop is exited and program execution continues after the
End command. If the condition is false, the loop is executed again.

Find
Find is a term used to describe a process of locating a specified text, file, document, or
other objects on a computer or the Internet. For example, you can press the keyboard
shortcut Ctrl+Fnow to open a find window and search for any text on this page.

The Replace command

The Replace command is like the Find command but more evolved. This command lets you search for a word or group of words and replace
it with another word or group of words. There are likewise two ways to start the Replace command:

a. Go to the Edit menu and click on "Replace..." ou

b. Use the keyboard shortcut by pressing the "Ctrl" and "H" keys simultaneously.
Type in the "Find what:" field the word or character string which you would like to replace. Likewise type in the "Replace with:" field the
word or character string to replace it with. Then click on the "Find next" button.

Again you can check "Match case", as in the Search command above.

Each time the word is found, the search pauses and the word found is selected. Click on "Replace" to replace the word in the "Find what" field
with the word in the "Replace with" field or on "Find Next" to continue the search without replacing the word. The "Replace All" button will
replace all the words in the document without asking each time. The "Cancel" button will abandon the search.

format command
The format command is a Command Promptcommand used to format a specified partition on a
hard drive (internal or external), flash drive, or floppy disk to a specified file system. You can
also formatdrives without using a command. See How toFormat a Hard Drive in Windows for
instructions.

Menu bar
A menu bar is a graphical control element which contains drop-down menus.
The menu bar's purpose is to supply a common housing for window- or application-specific menus which provide access to such functions as opening files,
interacting with an application, or displaying help documentation or manuals. Menu bars are typically present in graphical user interfaces that display documents and
representations of files in windowsand windowing systems but menus can be used as well in command line interface programs like text editors or file
managers where drop-down menu is activated with a shortcut or combination key.

the insert menu

The Insert Menu. The insert menu is used to place various objects into your document, such as
page numbers, pictures, symbols, comments and other objects. Commands include break, date and
time, field, symbol, reference, web component, text box, file and hyperlink.
the tool menu

A menu of user options for configuring software and hardware. Such menus are also called
"settings," "preferences," "options" and "control panels." Sometimes, there is a tools option inside an
optionsmenu, or an options selection inside a tools menu.

Table (information)
A table is an arrangement of data in rows and columns, or possibly in a more complex structure. Tables are widely used in communication, research, and data
analysis. Tables appear in print media, handwritten notes, computer software, architectural ornamentation, traffic signs, and many other places. The precise
conventions and terminology for describing tables vary depending on the context. Further, tables differ significantly in variety, structure, flexibility, notation,
representation and use.[1][2][3][4][5] In books and technical articles, tables are typically presented apart from the main text in numbered and captioned floating blocks.

the window menu

A menu associated with a window. For example, the window menu in Windows is displayed when you click on the icon on the left
side of the title bar. Formerly called the "system menu" or "controlmenu," the Windows window menu lets you move, resize and
close the window.
entering text in ms word
In your Word document, select the text that you want to add to your gallery of AutoText entries. On
the Insert tab, in theText group, click Quick Parts, point to AutoText, and then click Save Selection
to AutoText Gallery.

Entering Values
Entering values in excel sheet is a child’s play and this chapter shows how to enter values in an excel sheet. A new sheet is
displayed by default when you open an excel sheet as shown in the below screen shot.Sheet area is the place where you type
your text. The flashing vertical bar is called the insertion point and it represents the location where text will appear when you
type. When you click on a box then the box is highlighted. When you double click the box, the flashing vertical bar appears and
 you can start entering your data.So, just keep your mouse cursor at the text insertion point and start typing whatever text you
would like to type. We have typed only two words "Hello Excel" as shown below. The text appears to the left of the insertion
point as you type.

Insert the current date and time

A static value in a worksheet is one that doesn’t change when the worksheet is recalculated or opened. When you press a key combination such
as Ctrl+; to insert the current date in a cell, Excel “takes a snapshot” of the current date and then inserts the date in the cell. Because that cell’s
value doesn’t change, it’s considered static.

1. On a worksheet, select the cell into which you want to insert the current date or time.
2. Do one of the following:
o To insert the current date, press Ctrl+; (semi-colon).
o To insert the current time, press Ctrl+Shift+; (semi-colon).
o To insert the current date and time, press Ctrl+; (semi-colon), then press Space, and then press Ctrl+Shift+; (semi-colon).
3.

move around
The process of permanently transferring text, data, or files from one location to another without duplicating them. For most users, the
easiest method of moving anything on a computer is to cut what you want to move and then paste it in a new area.
HOW TO SELECT A RANGE

You can select a range by using either the keyboard or the mouse. To select a range by using the mouse, click the upper leftmost cell in the range and click and hold down the left mouse button

and drag to the lower rightmost cell in the range.

To select a range by using the keyboard, use the arrow keys to move the cell cursor to the upper leftmost cell in the range. Press and hold down the Shift key while you press the right-pointing

arrow or down-pointing arrow keys to extend the selection until all the cells in the range are selected. Release the Shift key.

using menu in computer

Alternatively referred to as the file menu, a menu is a list of commands or choices offered to the user through
the menu bar. Menus are commonly used in GUI operating systems and allow a user to access various options the software
program is capable of performing

Using the Toolbar

• add or remove buttons on the toolbar (Customize Toolbar, Remove Item).
• change the size of toolbar buttons (Use Small Size).
• hide or show text on the buttons (Icon and Text, Icon Only, Text Only).
• use a pre-designed Default toolbar.
• hide the toolbar (Hide Toolbar).
Hide the Toolbar
Use Toolbar Items

Customize the Toolbar

Add Library Items and Resource Tabs to the Toolbar

Opening Toolbar Items and Key to Buttons/Icons

using shortcut menus

You can quickly edit an object or data by choosing commands directly from a shortcut menu, also called a “context menu” or “contextual menu.”

To display a shortcut menu:

Right-click or Control-click an object or an area to see a list of commands.
 Notes
Shortcut menu commands vary based on what mode you’re in, the item the cursor is over, and whether an item is selected. For example, when a field is selected in Layout mode,
• you have access to commands that pertain to Layout mode.

You can use the Control Panel (Windows) or System Preferences (Mac OS) to configure your mouse, trackpad, or input device. For example, you can set up a secondary button on
a mouse.

changing entries
Select the range of cells where you want to replacetext or numbers. To replace character(s) across the entire worksheet, click
any cell on the active sheet. Press the Ctrl + H shortcut to open the Replace tab of the Excel Find and Replace dialog.

Copying or moving entries

When you create a copy of an entry, you create a replica of that entry in another location in the portal. When you move an
entry, you remove it from the current folder and place it in another folder. When you copy and move entries, the IDs and links
are either maintained or overwritten.
If you copy or move a report from one folder to another, the report retains its ID and any links, including the link to the
associated package. However, when you overwrite an existing entry, the link behavior depends on whether you copy or move
the entry.
• If you copy and overwrite an existing entry, the copied entry ID and links replace those of the existing entry. In this case, you
might need to update links, such as links to job schedules for reports.
• If you move and overwrite an existing entry, the existing entry ID and links are maintained. In this case, references to the
moved entry are broken.
inserting deleting cells
• Right-click and choose Delete.
• The Delete dialog box opens. Select either:
• Shift cells left to shift cells in the same row to the left.
• Shift cells up to shift selected cells and all cells in the column above it upward.
• Choose an option, then click OK.
•
• Your result displays in your spreadsheet.
 Basic Formatting Techniques in Microsoft Word
After completing this lesson, you will be able to:

Create a New Document

Select text to manipulate it.

Move text to a different location

Use Copy, Paste and Paste Special when working with text

Use the Format Painter toolbar button

Set and modify indents

Understand the differences between margins and indents; know how to use a hanging indent

Set your text justification to left, center, right, or fully justified.

Work with tabs

Use section breaks

Change the margins and layout of a document

Apply and modify a basic style

Apply automatic paragraph numbering and link it to styles

Change the case of text with formatting and with keyboard shortcuts

Use Word's "Reveal Formatting" to discover what formatting has been applied to text and how.

Clean up or remove unwanted formatting

Apply and use themes (Word 2007 and later)

Change the default font in Word 2013 or Later

 changing character style
Under Style Options, select the character or paragraph style you want to search for, and then click OK. Click the Change Format box to display the Change Format Settings
dialog box. Under Style Options, select the replacement character or paragraph style, and then click OK.

changing alignment in word

Alignment determines the appearance and orientation of the edges of the paragraph: left-aligned text, right-aligned text, centered text, or justified text, which
is aligned evenly along the left and right margins. For example, in a paragraph that is left-aligned (the most common alignment), the left edge of the
paragraph is flush with the left margin.Vertical alignment determines the position of the text within a section of a document relative to the top and bottom
margins, and is often used to create a cover page.

1. Change the default width for all columns on a worksheet or workbook

Do one of the following: To change the default column width for a worksheet, click its sheet tab. ...
2. On the Home tab, in the Cells group, click Format.
3. Under Cell Size, click Default Width.
4. In the Default column width box, type a new measurement.

changing row height

1. Select the row or rows that you want to change.

2. On the Home tab, in the Cells group, click Format.
3. Under Cell Size, click Row Height.
4. In the Row height box, type the value that you want, and then click OK.

Rename a worksheet
1. Double-click the sheet tab, and type the new name.
2. Right-click the sheet tab, click Rename, and type the new name.
3. Use the keyboard shortcut Alt+H > O > R, and type the new name.

conditional formatting
Conditional Formatting (CF) is a tool that allows you to apply formats to a cell or range of cells, and have that formatting change depending on the value of the cell or the
value of a formula. For example, you can have a cell appear bold only when the value of the cell is greater than 100. When the value of the cell meets the format condition,
the format you select is applied to the cell. If the value of the cell does not meet the format condition, the cell's default formatting is used. (By "default formatting", I mean the
formatting that you set up using the normal formatting tools, not necessarily the worksheet's default font and font size.)

A cell can have up to 3 format conditions, each with its own formats, in addition to the default value of "no formatting". This allows you to have different formats depending on
the value of the cell. For example, if the value was greater than 200, you can display the text in red, but if the value is between 100 and 200, display the text in green.

Remember that Conditional Formatting is the same as adding one or more formulas to each cell in which you use it, so applying Conditional Formatting to a large number of
cells may cause performance degradations. Use caution when applying to to large ranges.

auto formatting
Use the AutoFormat As You Type feature to quickly apply or change automatic formatting for things such as hyphens and dashes, fractions, hyperlinks,
quotation marks, and bulleted or numbered lists. To enable automatic formatting for a program, select each option you want to turn on.

How to copy a sheet in Excel to another workbook

1. Under To book, choose the target file. ...

2. Under Before sheet, specify where to put the copy.
3. Select the Create a copy box.
4. Click OK

Move a sheet to another workbook

• Press CTRL and drag the worksheet tab to the tab location you want.
 OR

1. Right click on the worksheet tab and select Move or Copy.

2. Select the Create a copy checkbox.
3. Under Before sheet, select where you want to place the copy.
4. Select OK.

Delete a worksheet
• Right-click the Sheet tab and select Delete.
• Or, select the sheet, and then select Home > Delete > Delete Sheet.

EXITING EXCEL 2010

When you’re ready to quit Excel, you have several choices for shutting down the program:

• Choose File→Exit.

• Press Alt+F4.
 • Click the Close button (the X) in the upper-right corner of the Excel 2010 program window

Opening a workbook when running Excel

1. Click the File tab and choose Open. The Opendialog box appears. ...
2. If you want to open a workbook in another folder, select the folder in the Navigation pane. ...
3. Click the file you want to open and then click the Open button, or double-click the file's icon

Create a simple formula in Excel

You can create a simple formula to add, subtract, multiply or divide values in your worksheet. Simple formulas always start with an equal sign (=),
followed by constants that are numeric values and calculation operators such as plus (+), minus (-), asterisk(*), or forward slash (/) signs.

Let's take an example of a simple formula.

1. On the worksheet, click the cell in which you want to enter the formula.
2. Type the = (equal sign) followed by the constants and operators (up to 8192 characters) that you want to use in the calculation.

For our example, type =1+1.

Notes:

o Instead of typing the constants into your formula, you can select the cells that contain the values that you want to use and enter the operators in between selecting cells.
o Following the standard order of mathematical operations, multiplication and division is performed before addition and subtraction.
3. Press Enter (Windows) or Return (Mac).

Let's take another variation of a simple formula. Type =5+2*3 in another cell and press Enter or Return. Excel multiplies the last two numbers and
adds the first number to the result.
 doing arithmetic

Arithmetic (from the Greek ἀριθμός arithmos, "number" and τική [τέχνη], tiké [téchne], "art") is a branch of mathematics that consists of the study

of numbers, especially the properties of the traditional operations on them—addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. Arithmetic is an

elementary part of number theory, and number theory is considered to be one of the top-level divisions of modern mathematics, along

with algebra, geometry, and analysis. The terms arithmetic and higher arithmetic were used until the beginning of the 20th century as synonyms

for number theory and are sometimes still used to refer to a wider part of number theory.[1]

totaling columns in excel

If you need to sum a column or row of numbers, let Exceldo the math for you. Select a cell next to the numbers you want to sum,
click AutoSum on the Home tab, press Enter, and you're done. When you click AutoSum, Excelautomatically enters a formula
(that uses the SUM function) to sum the numbers. Here's an example.

To name cells, or ranges, based on worksheet labels:

• Select the labels and the cells that are to be named. ...
• On the Ribbon, click the Formulas tab, then click Create from Selection.
• In the Create Names From Selection window, add a check mark for the location of the labels, then click OK. ...
• Click on a cell to see its name.
displaying dollars and cents excel

If the condition is that the value in the cell is less than a dollar, the cents symbol will be displayed (i.e. .87¢) otherwise,
the dollar symbol will be displayed. Select the range of cells you want to apply this format to. Select Format, Cells, and click
the Number tab.
 formatting deimal places

Click Format Cells, and then the Format Cells window will pop up. (Figure 1) Click the Number tab, choose Number item in the Category
list, and you will find theDecimal Place in the right part of the window. Here you can specify the decimal places for a built-in
number format.

Excel date format

Before you can take advantage of powerful Excel date features, you have to understand how Microsoft Excel stores dates and times, because this is
the main source of confusion. While you would expect Excel to remember the day, month and the year for a date, that's not how it works...

Excel stores dates as sequential numbers and it is only a cell's formatting that causes a number to be displayed as a date, time, or date and time.

Dates in Excel
All dates are stored as integers representing the number of days since January 1, 1900, which is stored as number 1, to December 31, 9999 stored
as 2958465.

In this system:

• 2 is 2-Jan-1900
• 3 is 3-Jan-1900
• 42005 is 1-Jan-2015 (because it is 42,005 days after January 1, 1900)

Copying Styles
Maria wonders about the best way to copy styles from one document to another.

Sounds like a simple question, right? Well, not really. You see, Word provides several ways that you can copy styles from one document to another. As to which of those
methods is "best," it depends on which one you find to be the easiest. With that in mind, I want to take a look at those "several ways" that I mentioned.
 using if in excel
Use the IF function, one of the logical functions, to return one value if a condition is true and another
value if it's false. For example: =IF(A2>B2,"Over Budget","OK") =IF(A2=B2,B4-A4,"")

using the nested if function in excel

It can be used as a worksheet function (WS) inExcel. As a worksheet function, the IF function can be entered as
part of a formula in a cell of a worksheet. It is possible to nest multiple IF functions within one Excel formula. You
can nestup to 7 IF functions to create a complex IF THEN ELSE statement.

Copy a formula
1. Select the cell containing the formula that you want to copy.
2. In the Clipboard group of the Home tab, click Copy.
3. Do one of the following: ...
4. Verify that the cell references in the formula produce the result that you want. ...
5. Select the cell that contains the formula.

How to spell check in Excel

The tutorial shows how to perform spell check in Excel manually, with VBA code, and by using a special tool. You will learn how to check spelling in individual
cells and ranges, active worksheet and the entire workbook.

Although Microsoft Excel is not a word processing program, it does have a few features to work with text, including the spell-checking facility. However, spell
check in Excel is not exactly the same as in Word. It does not offer advanced capabilities like grammar checking, nor does it underline the misspelled words as
you type. But still Excel provides the basic spell checking functionality and this tutorial will teach you how to get most of it.

Print all or part of a worksheet

1. Click the worksheet, and then select the range of data that you want to print.
2. Click File, and then click Print.
3. Under Settings, click the arrow next to Print Active Sheets and select the appropriate option.
4. Click Print.

Preview worksheet pages before you print

1. Select the worksheet(s) you want to preview.
2. Click File, and then click Print to display the Preview window and printing options. Keyboard shortcut You can also press
Ctrl+F2.

What is the Goal Seek Excel function

The Goal Seek Excel function (often referred to as What-if-Analysis) is a method of solving for a desired output by changing an
assumption that drives it. The function essentially uses a trial and error approach to back-solving the problem by plugging in
guesses until it arrives at the answer. For example, if the formula for revenue is equal to the number of units sold multiplied by
the selling price, Goal Seek can determine how many units have to be sold to reach $1 million of revenue, if the selling price is
known. The function is extremely useful for performing sensitivity analysis in financial modeling.

Create the First Excel Scenario

1. On the Ribbon's Data tab, click What If Analysis.
2. Click Scenario Manager.
3. In the Scenario Manager, click the Add button.
4. Type name for the Scenario. ...
5. Press the Tab key, to move to the Changing cells box.
6. On the worksheet, select cells B1.
7. Hold the Ctrl key, and select cells B3:B4.
Create a Macro
1. Under Customize the Ribbon, on the right side of the dialog box, select Main tabs (if necessary). ...
2. Click OK. ...
3. Command Button. ...
4. Drag a command button on your worksheet. ...
5. The Visual Basic Editor appears. ...
6. Note: the window on the left with the names Sheet1, Sheet2 and Sheet3 is called the Project Explorer. ...
7. Congratulations.

To sort a range:
1. Select the cell range you want to sort. ...
2. Select the Data tab on the Ribbon, then click the Sort command.
3. The Sort dialog box will appear. ...
4. Decide the sorting order (either ascending or descending). ...
5. Once you're satisfied with your selection, click OK.
6. The cell range will be sorted by the selected column.

keeping leading views in excel

Select the range cells you want to type the data withleading zeros into, and right clcik to select Format Cells from the context
menu. See screenshot: 2. In the Format Cells dialog, click Number tab, and select Text from the Category pane.

HOW TO FIND RECORDS IN AN EXCEL 2010 TABLE

When you work with Excel 2010 tables, you can use keystrokes or a data form to move through table records until you find the one you want to edit or delete.

In larger tables, you can use search criteria in the data form to look up a record. These methods also work with a normal range of data — one that has not

been converted to a table using the Table button on the Insert tab.

Insert or delete cells, rows, and columns

1. To insert a column, select the column, select Home > Insert > Insert Sheet Columns.
2. To delete a column, select the column, select Home > Insert > Delete Sheet Columns. Or, right-click the top of the column, and
then select Insert or Delete.

To filter data:
1. Begin with a worksheet that identifies each column using a header row. ...
2. Select the Data tab, then locate the Sort & Filtergroup.
3. Click the Filter command. ...
4. Drop-down arrows will appear in the header of each column.
5. Click the drop-down arrow for the column you want to filter. ...
6. The Filter menu appears.

How to Make a Graph in Excel

1. Enter your data into Excel.
2. Choose one of nine graph and chart options to make.
3. Highlight your data and 'Insert' your desired graph.
4. Switch the data on each axis, if necessary.
5. Adjust your data's layout and colors.
6. Change the size of your chart's legend and axis labels.

resizing and moving charts excel

To resize a chart, do one of the following: To change the size manually, click the chart, and then
drag thesizing handles to the size that you want. To use specific height and width measurements, on
the Format tab, in the Size group, enter the size in the Height and Width box.
 Update the data in an existing chart

1. Select the cells you want to use.

2. Select Insert > Recommended Charts.
3. Select the chart type you want, and select OK.

Change the chart type of an existing chart

1. Do one of the following: To change the chart type of the whole chart, click the chart area or plot area of the chart to display
the chart tools. ...
2. On the Design tab, in the Type group, click Change Chart Type.
3. In the Change Chart Type dialog box, click a chart type that you want to use.

Here are the steps to format this data using the AutoFormat option:
1. Select the entire data set.
2. Click on the AutoFormat icon in the Quick Access Toolbar.
3. In the dialog box, you will find 16 different kinds of formatting design. Select the one you want to apply.
4. Click OK.

Create a Macro
1. Under Customize the Ribbon, on the right side of the dialog box, select Main tabs (if necessary). ...
2. Click OK. ...
3. Command Button. ...
4. Drag a command button on your worksheet. ...
5. The Visual Basic Editor appears. ...
6. Note: the window on the left with the names Sheet1, Sheet2 and Sheet3 is called the Project Explorer. ...
7. Congratulations.
recording macros in excel

To record a macro in Excel, click the “View” tab in the Ribbon. Then click the “Macros” drop-down
button in the “Macros” button group. Then select the “Record Macro…” command to open the
“Record Macro” dialog box. In the “Record Macro” dialog box, enter a name for your new macro into
the “Macro name” text box.

Run a macro from the Developer tab

1. Open the workbook that contains the macro.
2. On the Developer tab, in the Code group, click Macros.
3. In the Macro name box, click the macro that you want to run, and press the Run button.
4. You also have other choices: Options - Add a shortcut key, or a macro description.

Basics of Computers - Office Tools

Application software that assist users in regular office jobs like creating, updating and maintaining documents, handling large
amounts of data, creating presentations, scheduling, etc. are called office tools. Using office tools saves time and effort and
lots of repetitive tasks can be done easily. Some of the software that do this are −

• Word processors

• Spreadsheets

• Database systems
 • Presentation software

• E-mail tools

Let us look at some of these in detail.

Word Processor
A software for creating, storing and manipulating text documents is called word processor. Some common word processors are
MS-Word, WordPad, WordPerfect, Google docs, etc.

A word processor allows you to −

• Create, save and edit documents

• Format text properties like font, alignment, font color, background color, etc.

• Check spelling and grammar

• Add images

• Add header and footer, set page margins and insert watermarks

Spreadsheet
Spreadsheet is a software that assists users in processing and analyzing tabular data. It is a computerized accounting tool.
Data is always entered in a cell (intersection of a row and a column) and formulas and functions to process a group of cells
is easily available. Some of the popular spreadsheet software include MS-Excel, Gnumeric, Google Sheets, etc. Here is a list of
activities that can be done within a spreadsheet software −

• Simple calculations like addition, average, counting, etc.

 • Preparing charts and graphs on a group of related data

• Data entry

• Data formatting

• Cell formatting

• Calculations based on logical comparisons

Presentation Tool
Presentation tool enables user to demonstrate information broken down into small chunks and arranged on pages
called slides. A series of slides that present a coherent idea to an audience is called a presentation. The slides can have text,
images, tables, audio, video or other multimedia information arranged on them. MS-PowerPoint, OpenOffice Impress, Lotus
Freelance, etc. are some popular presentation tools.

Database Management System

Software that manages storage, updating and retrieval of data by creating databases is called database management
system. Some popular database management tools are MS-Access, MySQL, Oracle, FoxPro, etc.

Microsoft Access
Microsoft Access is a database management system (DBMS) from Microsoft that combines the relational Microsoft Jet Database Engine with a graphical user
interface and software-development tools. It is a member of the Microsoft Office suite of applications, included in the Professional and higher editions or sold
separately.
Microsoft Access stores data in its own format based on the Access Jet Database Engine. It can also import or link directly to data stored in other applications and
databases.[3]
Software developers, data architects and power users can use Microsoft Access to develop application software. Like other Microsoft Office applications, Access is
supported by Visual Basic for Applications (VBA), an object-based programming language that can reference a variety of objects including DAO (Data Access
Objects), ActiveX Data Objects, and many other ActiveX components. Visual objects used in forms and reports expose their methods and properties in the VBA
programming environment, and VBA code modules may declare and call Windows operating system operations.

What Is MS Office Groove?

Microsoft Office Groove is collaboration software that allows multiple people to work on a single project, even if they work for different organizations, work remotely
or work offline. This can be very helpful for your business, as the software creates a virtual workspace where users can share and edit documents stored at a remote
serve which tracks and synchronizes the group's work.

Collaboration Tools

Groove provides a set of collaboration tools that include a calendar, discussion, pictures, notepad, file manager and others. These tools facilitate collaboration through
person-to-person communication. Additionally, Groove features a Luanchbar which includes tasks and contacts, as well as a common task section which updates to
correspond to your activity.

Inviting Collaborators

Members of a Groove virtual workspace can invite others to that workspace to collaborate on projects. Groove includes a feature you can use to send invitations to
other members, or send emails to those who are not members. You can also assign roles to those you invite to the workspace: Manager, Participant or Guest. Each role
gives different permissions to edit and change shared documents.

Microsoft OneNote
Microsoft OneNote is a computer program for free-form information gathering and multi-user collaboration. It gathers users' notes (handwritten or typed), drawings,
screen clippings and audio commentaries. Notes can be shared with other OneNote users over the Internet or a network.
Previously, OneNote was[5] available as a part of the Microsoft Office suite. Microsoft abandoned this version in favor of a feature-reduced and touch-
optimized Windows 10 Universal Windows Platform application (UWP-App) version. Microsoft also publishes versions of OneNote as a free, standalone application
for macOS, Windows RT, Windows Phone, iOS and Android.[6]Microsoft also provides a web-based version of OneNote as part of OneDrive and Office Online; this
version enables users to edit notes in a web browser.

Microsoft Outlook
Microsoft Outlook is a personal information manager from Microsoft, available as a part of the Microsoft Office suite. Although often used mainly as
an email application, it also includes a calendar, task manager, contact manager, note taking, journal, and web browsing.
It can be used as a stand-alone application, or can work with Microsoft Exchange Server and Microsoft SharePoint Server for multiple users in an organization, such
as shared mailboxes and calendars, Exchange public folders, SharePoint lists, and meeting schedules. Microsoft has also released mobile applications for most
mobile platforms, including iOS and Android. Developers can also create their own custom software that works with Outlook and Office components using Microsoft
Visual Studio.[6] In addition, Windows Phone devices can synchronize almost all Outlook data to Outlook Mobile.

Microsoft PowerPoint
Microsoft PowerPoint is a presentation program,[7] created by Robert Gaskins and Dennis Austin[7] at a software company named Forethought, Inc.[7] It was released
on April 20, 1987,[8] initially for Macintosh computers only.[7] Microsoft acquired PowerPoint for $14 million three months after it appeared.[9] This was Microsoft's first
significant acquisition,[10] and Microsoft set up a new business unit for PowerPoint in Silicon Valley where Forethought had been located.[10] Microsoft PowerPoint is
one of many programs run by the company Microsoft and can be identified by its trademark orange, and P initial on the logo. It offers users many ways to display
information from simple presentations to complex multimedia presentations.
PowerPoint became a component of the Microsoft Office suite, first offered in 1989 for Macintosh[11] and in 1990 for Windows,[12]which bundled several Microsoft apps.
Beginning with PowerPoint 4.0 (1994), PowerPoint was integrated into Microsoft Office development, and adopted shared common components and a converged
user interface.[13]
PowerPoint's market share was very small at first, prior to introducing a version for Microsoft Windows, but grew rapidly with the growth of Windows and of
Office.[14](pp402–404) Since the late 1990s, PowerPoint's worldwide market share of presentation software has been estimated at 95 percent.[15]
PowerPoint was originally designed to provide visuals for group presentations within business organizations, but has come to be very widely used in many other
communication situations, both in business and beyond.[16] The impact of this much wider use of PowerPoint has been experienced as a powerful change throughout
society,[17] with strong reactions including advice that it should be used less,[18] should be used differently,[19] or should be used better.[20]