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ch-3 Maths Class 12th

Class 12 maths question bank with questions, mcq, assertion reason and case based questions............+PYQS.

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ch-3 Maths Class 12th

Class 12 maths question bank with questions, mcq, assertion reason and case based questions............+PYQS.

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Kajal
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3 Algebra of Matrices POINTS TO ‘REMEMBER 1. Matrix: A matrixis a rectangular arrangement of numbers or functions arranged into a fixed number of rows and columns. ‘A matrix is written inside brackets []. Each entry in a matrix is called an element of the matrix. Order of Matrix: The dimension or order of matrix is defined by the number of rows and columns of that matrix. By conversion the dimension or order of a matrix is given by No. of rows x No. of columns Tf.a matrix have m rows and n columns then its order (dimension) is written as m x n and read as myn. 2. Row Matrix: A matrix having one row and any number of column is called a row matrix. In other words, matrix of order 1 x n is always a row matrix. eg, [a b,c, dly.g isa row matrix, 3. Column Matrix: A matrix having any number of rows but only one column is called column matrix. In other words, a matrix of order m x 1 is always a column matrix. 68, is a column matrix. Ibe 43) iS) a | n | ©) A ial c& fal x ® inal A 4, Square Matrix: A matrix in which the number of rows is equal to the number of columns, say n, is called a square matrix of order n. 5. Diagonal Elements: The elements a, of a square matrix A = [aj], ., for which i= j,ie,, the elements 44, gy, yy AF Called the diagonal elements and the line along which the diagonal elements lie, is, called the principal diagonal or leading diagonal. 6. Diagonal Matrix: A square matrix [aj] is said to be a diagonal matrix if ay = 0 for i#j. In other words, a square matrix is said to be a diagonal matrix, if its element not on principal diagonal are zero. 7. Scalar Matrix: A square matrix A = [ay], is called a scalar matrix, if (@aj=0Visjand (i) a= c'V i, where c#0. In other words, a square matrix is said to be scalar, if it is a diagonal matrix and entries on its principal diagonal are equal 10. nL 13. Ta 15. . Identity Matrix: A square matrix in which all non diagonal elements are zero and all diagonal elements are equal to 1 is called identity matrix. ie, 1 [0jhuy 18 an identity matrix if ay=0 Viejanday=1 Vi=j 00 For example, 0.1 0 — isanidentity matrix. 1 3 ). Null or Zero Matrix: A matrix whose all elements are zero is called a null matrix or a zero matrix fe. A= [dimen i8 null matrix if a; = 0, W i,j. Upper and Lower Triangular Matrices: A squate matrix A = [a;] is called (8 an upper triangular matrix, if a, = 0 ¥ i> j, ie, all entries below principal diagonal are zero. (i) a lower triangular matrix, if a, = 0 V i B=CandB+A=C+A > B=C Let A = [ay] be an m x n matrix and k be any number called a scalar. Then, the matrix obtained by multiplying every element of A by k is called the scalar multiple of A by k and is denoted by KA. Thus, KA = [ka lye7 ‘The number of elements in A which are more than 5 is, @3 ws (5 6 2 _[o 3a ‘ 1 A=[) Zfand kA=[51, 94); then the values of k, a and b respectively are @ -6,-12,-18 ®-6 9 ()-6.4,9 (@) -6,12,18 If A is square matrix such that A*= J, then (A ~1)* + (A+ 1)*~7Ais equal to. INCERT Exemplar] @A (I-A (I+A (@ 3A al then (4-21 (A~31) is equal to ICBSE 2022 (65/1/4) (Term-1)] Or (©) SE @o 2 3 a. =|? 2 Flanapela -2|, then INCERT Exemplar] 4 5 1 Eig (@) only ABis defined (8) only BAis defined (©) ABand BA both are defined (@) AB and BA both are not defined. 17. Given that A= i #] and A? =3I, then ICBSE Sample Paper 2022 (Term-1)] (@) 1+@+By=0 (6) 1-a?—By=0 (:)3-@2-By=0 (3 +0? +By=0 1 18. If A=|_| | and GI+4A) GI-4A)=21, then the value(s) of xis/are [CBSE 2023 (65/1/1)1 (a) v7 wo (45 @ 25 19. Given that matrices A and B are of order 3 xn and m x 5 respectively, then the order of matrix C=5A+3Bis [CBSE Sample Paper 2022 (Term-1)] (@) 3xSandm=n (6) 3x5 (3x3 (5x5 if a 20. 1 A=|1 -1 1], then A5—A*~ A? + A*is equal to [CBSE 2021-22 (Term-1)] Pe me! (a) 2A (b) 3A (c) 4A (a) O 21. If fora square matrix 4, A?—A + T= O, then A equals [CBSE 2023 (65/5/1)] @a @ Asi (I-A (A-I 22. If A= i | and A = B?, then x equals [CBSE 2023 (65/5/1)] @ #1 © 1 @2 ao oa 23. As and , then B'A' is equal to [CBSE 2023 (65/3/2)] 00 0 0 1a 1 oO Aa 00 @ |, al © i il © [i 1] @ [i ‘I 24. A and B are skew-symmetric matrices of same order. AB is symmetric, if [CBSE 2023 (65/3/2)] (@) AB=0 () AB=-BA (0) AB=BA ( BA=O 2 in x cos x| [CBSE 2023 (65/3/2)] x x x mF oF wo MF Answers 1 @ 20) 3.@ 4@ 5. () 6.0) 7® 8. (c) 9. (a) 10. (@) 1. &) 12. @) 13. (6) 14. @) 15. (d) 16. () 17. (0) 18. (¢) 19. (®) 20. (d) 2.0 22. (c) 23. (b) 24. (0) 25. (b) Solutions of Selected Multiple Choice Questions 1, when i # 1. Given, 4, “{ annie ee ie lf = #2. ‘p ‘le; ‘| Cl De 2 offs o}*[o 1 Option (d) is cozrect. 2. Wehave, A+A’=1 => ee ete sina cose |*|-sina cosa cosa 0 ]_[ 0) > 0 2cosal~|o ‘| > 20sa=1 > cosa= * 2 > wsarcoss > Option (b) is correct 3. 2+b=4 a-2 3 Se-d=u| ¢ 4e+3d=24) ded = atb-c42d=8 Option (a) is correct. 4. Total number of possible matrices of order 3 x 3 with each entry 2 or O is 2° je, 512. Option (d) is correct. 5. Given, 47-34 +1=0 => Matzaateiateo (Multiplying both sides by A“) = Asia i -A+31 = -A+3I (Given At =xA + yl) > (On equating) 6. Let A Ee a oA lo 4 = A-at 20 Since |; |=P+Q, where Qis skew-symmetric matrix 1 = AsP+Q=5{(A+ A") +(A-A)} wl ni1fo -8 => o-fu-a=3? 7 | => Q= Option (b) is correct. Given matrix A spaces ss «| 6 8,,.[0 9 = hho aJ7?*|o of > -6 -8 10 -4| Option (b) is correct. oo Ip l-b al <. Option (6) is correct 8. Given matrix A -[ il 9. Wehave matrix A of order 2 x 3, B of order 3 x 2. => B’is of order 2 x 3 and Cis of order 3 x 3. Aand B’ both have same order. = (A+ Bis of order 2x 3, Now, matrix C has order 3 x 3 and (A + B’) has order 2 3. Therefore, C(A + B’) is not defined because number of columns of C is not equal to number of rows of (A +B’) Option (a) is correct, 11. Wehave, P'=2P +1 A) Py =@P+n (Taking transpose on both sides) = P=2P+1 (i) From (i) and (if), we have P=2QP++I >P= =-3P=31 <. Option (b) is correct My en M3 1 AM [Bilyx3™|4a1 ton aa 51 Asa Mg a =8, gel 2 = 5, A= 5, yg = 5 Here, number of elements in A which are greater than 5 are 4. Option (b) is correct. 3k = 4k)" [26 24) = -4k= 24, 3a =2k, 2= 3k = Option (b) is correct. 44. Wehave,A?=1 A=1)?+(A+1°-7A BA ict 8 2k -[g | (A=1) + (A+ D(A-D74 (A+ D?-(A-D(At I-74 fee +h (2A){A? + P 2A + A? + P+ 2AT-(A?- Pl] -7A =2A[I+P 41+? —14+P]-74 (a+ b)(a? + 6? — ab) [a=] ASI = 1]-7A [-P=n AI [-A=an md Option (a) is correct. 5. G 42 jo 1} |-1 1] [0 2| Option (d) is correct. 17. A= 31 e?+Br 0 i 0 Byta2|~|0 3 = oss = Option (¢) is correct. jo 1 18. Given, af’, al 3I-4A= -12+12 16+9| [25 oO] Lo a3] IeLatas “ss] 19, 20. 21. 22. 23. 24, > 1=B1 a7=B Sxs25 Option (¢) is correct. C34 +5Bis defined if n= 5 and m =3 and order of C will be 3 x 5. - Option (b) is correct, 111 aif af Given, A=[1 11 2a a ish 1 +1 1 aa aah > AaA Similarly, A? = A, A‘ = A and A*= => AS-at_a3sA?2A-A-A+A=0 Option (d) is correct. A-AtI20 => [2A-4# Pre multiplying the above equation by A“, we get AMI=AN(A-A)=ATA-ATA > AtsI-(AtAAzI-IA=I-A Option (c) is correct. acl? Lael Lee-[* fe Jf 2 9 ape ia ape Wa alfa ay [eed 1 1 o}_f x2 0} -AsB > = BOE ba rei | ==landx+1=2 > x=andx=1 x=satisfiesboth. > = x=1 Option (¢) is correct ao aa civen =f! anise 3 fete ol-h ll alo lo o|*o o}=[1 olfo of fa o -. Option (b) is correct. Given A and B are skew-symmetric matrices. * A=-ATand B=-BT AD) Now, (AB) = BT. A? =~ Bx (-A) (From () =BA For AB matrix to be symmetric BA = Option (¢) is correct. > BA’ cosx sins cose sina] Reoss 0 = a Atal sing cosx 0 2coss| => A+A'= V31 Given) Reoss 0 Bt = 200sx| S10 2eosx] = 99 = F°5* lo a al = 2eosx= V3 etl bam) Option (b) is correct. The following questions consist of two statements—Assertion(A) and Reason(R). Answer these questions selecting the appropriate option given below: (@ Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation for A. () Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation for A. © Ais true but Ris false. @ Ais false but Ris true. 1. Assertion (A); A matrix A=[1 2 0 3] isa row matrix of order 1 x 4. Reason (R) : A matrix having one row and any number of column is called a row matrix. 301 ax+21 Par x] ex If Two matrices A = [aj]q.9 and B= [bjlyx, of same order m x n are equal, if aj = bj for all £= 1,2,3,...mand j=1,2,3,..m. 3. Assertion (A): If A and B are symmetric matrices of same order then AB - BA is also a symmetric matrix. Reason (R) : Any square matrix A is said to be skew-symmetric matrix if A = -AT, where AT is the transpose of matrix A. 4. Assertion (A): If Ais a square matrix of order 3 3, and 2 is any scalar then the value of [24] =8] A] Reason (R): Ifkisascalar and A isa square matrix of order x , Then |kA]=k"! |A| é . _[cos® sind »_[cos28 sin20 5. Assertion (A): IF A=| “Ug septa real esol cos sind cos sinn® Reason (RV: Th A=| og cosa |ethan AT= ng cosn Answers 1L@ 2 (a) 3@) 40 5. (a) Solutions of Assertion-Reason Questions We have, A=[1 2 0 3] matrix which has one row and four columns. Therefore, it is a row matrix. Clearly, both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are True and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A), . Option (a) is correct. 2 Wehave, x7—-dr=-3 = x?-dr43=0 9 => x7 -3x-x43=0 = x(¢-3)-10-3)=0 = (x-1)(-3)=0 = x=13 and, Pot = xss1 Also, +2 = otr-2=000 = 42-2 > HQ+2)-1442)20 = @F2("-1)20 = x=12 and, P= = 8-150 > (-1)@?+x41)=0 eo mttetteo 2 tS 2 tL x1, So, common value of x= 1. Clearly, both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A). Option (a) is correct. 3. Wehave, AB-BA =P (Let) pr (AB- BA)’ = (AB)" -(BA)" BY AT — AB" =—(A™B" - BTA’) (AB - BA) or P is skew-symmetric matrix. => AB- BA is skew-symmetric matrix. Clearly, Assertion (A) is false and Reason (R) is true. <. Option (d) is correct 4. Aswe know that if kis any scalar and A be any square matrix of order m x m then [kA] =#|A| |2A| =2.|A] (+ Aisof order 3 x3 in Assertion (A)) =8/4] Clearly, Assertion (A) is true and Reason (R) is false. Option (¢) is correct. 5. Clearly, both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A). Option (a) is correct. Case-based/Data-based Questions Each of the following questions are of 4 marks. 1. Read the following passage and answer the following questions. A manufacturer produces three stationery products Pencil, Eraser and Sharpener which he sells in two markets. Annual sales are indicated below B 6,000 20,000 8,000 Ifthe unit sale price of Pencil, Eraser and Sharpener are & 2.50, 1.50 and & 1.00 respectively, and ‘unit cost of the above three commodities are & 2.00, 1.00 and & 0.50 respectively. ICBSE Question Bank] (d Find the total revenue of market A. (i (a) Find the total revenue of market B. OR (i) (Find the cost incurred in market A. (iii) Find the profit in market A and B. 2.50 1.50 1.00 = 10,000 x 2.50 + 2000 « 1.50 + 18000 x 1.00 = £46000 Sol. _(f) Total revenue for market A=[10,000 2000 18000] 2.50) (i (@) Total revenue for market B= [6,000 20,000 caf | 1.00} = 6,000 x 2.50 + 20,000 x 1.50 + 8,000 x 1.00 = 753000 OR 2.00 (i) © Cost incurred in market A=[10,000 2,000 18,000]]1.00 0.50, = 10,000 x 2.00 + 2,000 x 1.00 + 18,000 x 0.50 = ¥31000 (ii) We have, 2.00) 1.00 0.50 Cost incurred in market B=[6,000 20,000 8,000] = 6,000 x 2.00 + 20,000 x 1.00 + 8,000 x 0.50 = 12,000 + 20,000 + 4,000 = 36,000 Profit in market A = €46,000 ~ €31,000 = £15,000 and Profit in market 5 = &53,000 — 36,000 = 17,000 2. Read the following passage and answer the following questions. Amit, Biraj and Chirag were given the task of creating a square matrix of order 2. Below are the matrices created by them. A, B , Care the matrices created by Amit, Biraj and Chirag respectively. (i) Find the sum of the matrices A, B and C, A + (B+ C), (i) Evaluate (47) (iii) (a) Find the matrix AC - BC. oR (iii) (b) Find the matrix of (a + b)B when a = 4 and b Sol. (i) Wehave, 12) [40] [2 0 1 2] [6 0) awaoor[s Teh shh a-Si 5] = aero-[f] (i) We have, Gi) (&) We have (a+b)B=(4-2) 3. Read the following passage and answer the following questions. ‘Three schools DPS, CVC and KVS decided to organize a fair for collecting money for helping the flood victims. They sold handmade fans, mats and plates from recycled material ata cost of 225, 100 and %50 each respectively. The numbers of articles sold are given as School/Article Handmade fans Mats 50 40 50 Plates | 0 30 | 40 [CBSE Question Bank] (@ What is the total amount of money collected by all three schools DPS, CVC and KVS? (i If the number of handmade fans and plates are interchanged for all the schools, then what is the total money collected by all schools? Sol. () Amount of money (in 2) collected by all schools j40 50 20]{ 25] {1000+5000+ 1000) =|25 40 30]}100] =| 625 + 4000+ 1500 35 50 40] 875 +5000+2000 7000) =|6125 7875| Total amount of money collected by all three schools, = € (7000 + 6125 + 7875) = 221,000 (ii) After interchanging the number of handmade fans and plates, Wehave School/Article pes eve vs | Handmade fans ~» | 30 40 Mats 5 | 40 50 Plates 40 | 3 ES Amount of money collected by all schools 20 50 40][ 25] [20% 25+50%100+40 «50 =]30 40 25]]100| =|30x25+40 x 100+25 «50 40 50 35][50] [40~25+50«100+35 «50 7500) =|6000) 7750) Total amount = (7500 + 6000 + 7750) 21,250 CONCEPTUAL QUESTIONS a i | Soi thevaeciaey [CBSE (AL) 2014) 9-41 14 4 . 2. uf3 a “ft . Blethen ia the mate A, [CBSE Dethi 2013} g ga4 124 sat cren|?, 2 4]-aofs 22] > al? 24) f2 a] ye 35 [21 af fo4 9] [23 + | 2 {CBSE Delhi 2015) 3. Write the element as, of a3 x 3 matrix A = (a;) whose elements ay are given by ay = . 1} 1 Sol. ay =5 eS cosa -sina 4 1A , then for what value of a, A is an identity matrix. [CBSE Delhi 2010] sina cosa Sol. If Aisidentity matrix, then A = 1, [cosa -sina]_[1 0 sina cosa |~|0 1 On equating corresponding elements, we get > cosa=isina=0 => a=0 a 2][3 a)_[7 ay 5 15 ally 5{"[e 25|thendind the value of k [CBSE Dethi 2010] 1 213 1]_y7 at sot chen JE ff 2 petee gueeel | (3)(3) + 4)2) G)(1)+ 4 E)] |e 23) = [7470 a7 23)" |k 23 Equating the corresponding elements, we get k=17 oo cosO sin® sin® -cos0 6 Simplify: cos] “°° eel sino (ng ag [CBSE Dethi 2012] cos sind sin® -cos@ Sol. Given: cos] “Tg cong coeb ain =| cos’@—sin8.cos@]_,[ sin2@ sin 8.cos@ [email protected] cos’@ |" |sin@cos@ —sin@ = [sin?@ +cos?@ 0 _fie q 0 sin? +cos?6]" [0 1 7. If A and B are matrices of order 3 x and m x 5 respectively, then find the order of matrix 5A ~ 3B, given that it is defined. [CBSE Sample Paper 2021] Sol. O(A)=3 xn, O(B) =mx5 5A ~3B is defined if m = 3, n =5. ie, OGA-3B)=3x5 ad i 2 i 8 WaAT=|-1 2] and B=| > 3] enna a" Br ICBSE (AI) 2012) o1 at Sol. 22 13 ~ 43 B 13 0 -1 ~2 0 1-2 9. For what value of x, is the matrix A=|-1 0 3] a skew-symmetric matrix? [CBSE (AD 2013] x3 0 Sol. A will be skew symmetric matrix if A =~ A’ 01 - oa x}fo 1 = |a o 3l=-l1 0 3/-]a 0 3 x3 of [2 3 of [2-3 0 Equating the corresponding elements, we get x = 2, ie ae|s® 8808] a gar ® sind cose | Ont AA - Sol. We have, 0s sin O][cos6 -sin 0 in® cos8||sin@ cos _[cos® -sin ][ cos@ sin ® “|sin8 cos@l|-sin® cos _| cos?@+sin?@ cos sin@-sin®@ cos 8 “|sin€cos@-cos@sin® —_sin?0+ cos? io aa ale 11. Let A and B are matrices of order 3 x 2 and 2 x 4 respectively. Write the order of matrix (AB). [CBSE Delhi (C) 2017] Sol. Order of AB = [2jJaus [bjlou® [ejloes ie. order of AB is 3 x 4. 12. Construct a2 x 2 matrix A = [a,] whose elements are given by ay= | (i)’-j|. [CBSE 2020 (65/3/1)] Sol. We have, elements of the matrix are given by a, =|(i)? j| 4 =|@?4|=0 , a, =|@a]=3 ay?-2/=1 , 4, 2=1@)*-2|=2 Matrix A ee ric a=[e 0 a 13, Ifthe matrix A=|2 0-1] is skew symmetric, find the values of ‘a’ and ‘b’. [CBSE 2078] bot Sol Auf a Shue symmete mate eats A re [Topper’s Answer 2018] 14. Find the value of x : [CBSE 2019 (65/1/2)] 16, Sol. Sol. [CBSE 2019 (65/1/2)] ~ [Topper’s Answer 2019), If. A is a square matrix such that A’ identity matrix. A, then write the value of 7A ~ (I + A)”, where I is an ICBSE (Al) 2014) [lopper’s Answer 2078) | If matrix le oa 3 Let A=[2 b -1 210 Since A is skew-symmetric matrix. 26 is a skew-symmetric matrix, then find the values of a, b and c INCERT Exemplar] Aa-A fo 2 ce] foa 3 > jab 1-2 b 1 3 a] je 1 0 0 2 c] fo «2 3 > ab if=|-2 +1 3 1 0] |e a 0 Very Short Answer Questions 10 1 IAs is 9] snd seatare 80 that A* {CBSE 2020 (65/2/1) 1 8] _[-3k 2k o ale b= % ICBSE Marking Scheme 2020 (65/2/1)] Detailed Solution: Weave, Baviggaiel = ale 2). 4 1 ala -altba 3 awa waif? ‘| [F 4 -1 k =k! cw, terete 3 [Heft OS 3] " a jo 1 k =k [CBSE (AD 2013] Sol. 3 Sol. Sol. Sol. 0m 2 Matrix A=]3 1 3) isgiven to be symmetric, find values of aandb. [CBSE Delhi 20161 3a 3-1 0m 2] Wehave A=|3 1 3 a 3-1 Ais symmetric matrix 0.3 3a] [0 2% 2) > ATA % 1 3le|3 1 3 23-1] |e 3 4 Equating the corresponding elements, we get 3and 3a=-2 2 = and a=-5 Show thataall the diagonal elements of a skew symmetric matrix are zero. [CBSE Delhi 2017 Since, A = [aj] is skew symmetric matrix, ATe-A lay)" == lay) = lad =E-ag) For diagonal elements i =-a, => 2a,=0 => ay=0Vi = wy Hence, diagonal elements of skew symmetric matrix are zero. Find the value of (xy) from the matrix equation. 4; volt ae WG 4 [CBSE 2019 (65/5/3)] 1 @. 15 14) i 10 |? Ale sl 14 2y-6)"|1 2] "hs 14 x3 1-4 | _[7 6 x3 6 |_[7 6 sheracedtesl = (Ge acdcte al We know that two matrices of same order are equal if the corresponding entries are equal. ie, -3=7 = W=10 = x and 2y-4=14 => 2=18 => y 23 and B=|4 5] and BA = (by), find by, + bgp [CBSE East 2016] 21 2 3] 2 | and B=|4 5 “ 2 1 fii | i } Ha 25 bak i =44+6 6415 j-10 2 21 “s+10 12425) = “16 2.397 -4+2 0 645 -2 -2 11 7. Forthe matrix A Sol. We have a-| r_[? 3],[2 5 nr|[t 8] _[4 8 é = aval SE SJ-ff A] = aeanr-[f A] - fear Hence, A+A” is a symmetric matrix. 8. If A and B are symmetric matrices, such that AB and BA are both defined, then prove that AB - BA is a skew-symmetric matrix. ICBSE 2019 (65/4/2)] Sol. We have A! = Aand B’ = B and AB and BA are both defined. Now (AB~ BA)” = (AB)" ~(BA)" = BTAT - ATB™ (: (4B) = BTA?) = BA-AB=-(AB-BA) = AB~ BA isa skew-symmetric matrix Hence proved. % . i} find kso that A? = 5A + kl. [CBSE Sample Paper) 2 5 sol = #[5 3 ko } fo] ik 0) 0k 10. id kA e [CBSE 2019) * == 2k -5k Sol. 1. [° ne 2B. Sol. Sol. | then find the matrix B'A’. ICBSE 2019 (65/3/3)] i [CBSE Marking Scheme 2019 (65/3/3)] ICBSE 2019 (65/3/2)1 a 3 6]_[-3 6 ale ae cele 1 > ABA AZA-AZA=A i [CBSE Marking Scheme 2019 (65/3/2)] Find the value of x + y from the following equation: Fle? helt 2 [CBSE (AD) 2012, Bhubneshwwar 2015, AI (C) 2017] y-al*lt al" hs ial 2, Bhubneshrwar 2015, AL (C) x 5 ],[3-4]_[7 6 wen A 3) 2] =[e a] ax 10 | ,[3-a]_[7 6] _ fares 6 J_[7 6 = 14 2y-6)*|1 2 |= [15 14 15 2y-4| [15 14 Equating the corresponding elements, we get 2x+3=7and2y-4=14 => 7A andy= 8S4 = x=2 and y=9 4. x+y2249=11 Short Answer Questions anap=[{ _}] anda + m= 4*+ BY then find the values ofa ana. ICBSE (F) 2015} at 1 Here, A= Je =f; Al 1 Alfa 1)_[tea o asec ak abhts 3) taemee[tt® O] [tte 0] reatean o] _[ @+2041 0 a+b 22+ -2|"|2+20+b+ab-4-2 2] “[2n—b+ab-2 4 Sol. Sol. a, pelt A] ft -lfe apye 2 Again A™+B’ -[} GHa alte ae & 0 {HET SHES ab-b b+1 ab-b b Given, (+5) =a? + 5? Psat) ‘| j2a—b+ab-2 4] | ab-b Peb-1 va Equating the corresponding elements, we get, @+slad+d-1 = 2a Ai) a-1=0 > a Ai) 2a-b+ab-2=ab-b = m-2=0 ~Géi) and b=4 2) = a= 1,b=4 satisfy all four equations (9, (i), (if) and (in). Hence, a= 1 te a-| 25) ae and C= Find a matrix D such that CD AB = 0. 3 a [CBSE Delhi 20171 Since A, B, Care all square matrices of order 2, and CD ~ AB is well defined, D must be a square matrix of order 2 z E SELB IF > 3 Let D ‘Then CD ~ AB =0 gives 2n+5¢ 2b+5d) [3 0]_[00 oF |3a+8¢ ab+8d) [43 22|~|0 0 +5e-3 2b+5d ]_[0 0} [3a 80-43 3b+8d-22|"|0 0 By equating the corresponding elements of matrices, we get 2a+5c-3=0 ~() 3a + 8-43 =0 Alf) 2b+5d=0 wAiif) and 3b+8d-22=0 (ie) Solving () and (i), we get a=—191, c= 77 and solving (iif) and (io), we get b= 110, d = 44 ja 6)_[-191 -110 ed) | 77 44 For the following matrices A and B, verify that (AB) = B'A’. [CBSE (AD 2010] 1 4 3 ) BET Therefore D = iB [-1, 2, 1 -1 21 AB=|-4|[-1 2 1]=| 4 -8 -4 3 -3 6 3 Ma 2 ih ag (4B)'=| 4-8 -4/=| 2 -8 6) 3 6 3} Li -4 3 ay fa 1 4-3 Ba s[-1 2 1-4 2a -4 3]=|2 -8 6 a} fa 1-4 3 (ABy = BA’ cosa sina 0} 4. If flay=|sina cosa 0}, prove that fla) . -B) = fle -B) ICBSE 2019 (65/2/0)] o ° 1 cosa -sina 0] sina cosa 0} o oo 1 Sol. Given fla)= cos(—B) -sin(-B) 0] [cosB sinB o = ACB)=|sin(-B) cos(-B) o}=|-sinB cosB 0 o o alo o1 cosa -sina Olf-cosB sinB 0 LHS = fla)ff-f)=|sina cosa Ol]-sinB cosB 0 o o ilo o 1 jcosacosB+sinasin8 cosasinB-sina cos 0 =|sinecosB-cosasin8 sinasinB + cosa cosB 0) 0 ° 1 jeos(a-B) -sin(a-8) 0 =|sin(a-B) —cos(a-B) 0 0 o 1 =/la-p) =RHS Proved 5. was} “7 and I is the identity matrix of order 2, then show that A” = 44 - 31. Hence find A>. [CBSE (F) 2015] 2-1 Sol. Here, A=|_7 | seaael 2 —)[ 2 -He[4t2 -2-2]_[ 5 -4 weaael Hs aS Tal 2-1] ft o_[ 8 -4] [3 o]_[ 5 -4 Also, scared 4 0 ale d-f 3| he 4 Ai) From (i) and (i), we got A*= 44-31 Pre-multiplying both sides by A* At APs A" (44-3) > @t.A).Asdat.a-3att = = [v AAS 1, AT T= AT] (} of 2 “Mat 4 o) [2 “4) = lo aj7[-2 2 allo afta 2 12 1]_[2/3 1/3 3l1 2)" [1/3 2/3; 6. Let A 3] then show that A?~ 4A +71= 0, Using this result calculate A® INCERT Exemplarl . 23 Sol. Here, a-|} | 2 1 1 4 =f ‘| =o Gaomeny > [Pre multiplying by A] = lal=4] = [Putting the value of A7] = [Pre multiplying by A] > > [Putting the value of A] = [Pre multiplying by A] 23)_, {1 o]_[-118 -93 5 = (4A - 71) - 634 = 314-56 =— a Ss Memtsry-ne-sia-car—sf 23] at]. [8 3 7. Express the following matrix as the sum of a symmetric and skew symmetric matrix, and verify your result. [CBSE (AD 2010] 3-2 =) 3-2-5 I-11 2 3-2-4] Sol. Let A=| 3-2-5 -1 1 2 A can be expressed as (A+A)+}(4-A), Oo} Fa+ayepa-ay where, A +A’ and A ~ A’ are symmetric and skew symmetric matri 1s respectively 3-2-4) [3 -2-4 3 -2=5)+| 3 ~2-5 1 1 a) fia 2 3-2-4) [3 3-1] [6 1-5] =| 3-2-5/+|-2-2 if=| 1-4-4) a @ 2) [-m-s 2| [5-0 3-2-4) [3 3-1) Jo -5 -3] A-A'=| 3 -2-5]-|-2-2 1]=|5 0 6 -1 1 2] |-4-5 2] [3 6 o Putting these values in (), we get af © 2-3] ,fo-5-3 A=3] 1 -4-4|+3/3 0-6 5-4 4] *[3 6 0 3 1/2 -5/2) [0 -5/2 -3/2 2-2 -2]4/5/2 0 -3 -5/2-2 2] [32 3 0 Verification: geo 2-8 3.3 3 1/2 -8/2) | 0 -5/2 -3/2] |, ea-22 V2 -2 -2 +]5/2 0 -3 Ja] 543 -2+0 -2-3 5/2 -2 24 [3/2 3 0 5 -2+3 240 Ht 22 8, If A=]3 -2 1], then show that A?—234 - 401 =O. ICBSE 2023 (65/5/1)] 421 Sol. 1 2 3if1 2 3] fig 4 8 A=/3 -2 1//3 -2 1J=|1 12 8 4 2all4 2 a] [4 6 15 19 4 8][1 2 3] [63 46 69 @sAA=|1 12 8]|3 -2 1e69 -6 23 14 6 isla 2 1) |92 46 63 63 46 69] [-23 46-68) [-40 0 0 AP-23A -401 = }69 -6 23/+|-69 46 -23/+} 0 -40 0 oz 46 63] |-92 -46 -23] |0 0 -40 % -46 +0 69 -69 +0 -6 +46 -40 23-23 +0 6-46 +0 © 63 -23 -40 ie, A?=23A = 401 = Questions for Practice & Objective Type Questions 1. Choose and write the correct option in each of the following questions. (8) The product i ¥ E, fs is equal to [CBSE 2023 (65/4/2)] of eal @ eae i © (eee 4 of ont F Z 2 a = i al then value of y is @1 3 (2 (5 (if) If Aig a square matrix and A? = A, then (I+ A)?~ 3A is equal to [CBSE 2023 (65/4/11 @I ®A (0) 24 (@) 31 [3 2 (io) The A=[2 -3 4], B= tl. =[1 2 3] and y=| na + XY equals 2. 4 [CBSE 2020 (65/4/1)] @ (23) (@) [24] (028 (24 1 [2 4 (e) If a] ]-sf3)- al then (CBSE 2023 (65/4/1)) @x=Ly=2 @x=2y=1 @xeby=-1 @x=3,y=2 (vi) Ifa matrix A=[1 2 3], then the matrix AA’ (where A’ is the transpose of A) is (CBSE 2023 (65/4/1)] 100) eee @u @|o 20 ( |2 3 | (@ [14] joo 3 312 (vif) For any two matrices A and B, we have (@) AB=BA (0) AB = BA (c) AB=O (d) None of these (viii) Ifa matrix A is both symmetric and skew symmetric, then A is necessarily a @ diagonal matrix (6) zero matrix (c) square matrix _(d) identity matrix 1 Conceptual Questions i 2 Fora22 matrix, A=|[1y], whose elements are given by 4, =, write the value of dy, {CBSE Delhi 2011) 3. Write the order of the product matrix. [CBSE (F) 20111 t alta 3 4) 3 4. From the following matrix equation, find the value of x ty 4]_[34 i: 4 | ore [CBSE (F) 20101 bus? 2 | iB sh then find the value of y (CBSE (F) 2009} 6. Write a square matrix of order 2, which is both symmetric and skew symmetric. [CBSE (F) 20101 Tmatrix A=[1 2 3], then write AA’, where A’is the transpose of matrix A. [CBSE Delhi 2009) ) 8. Ifthematrix A=|2 0 ——1/ is skew symmetric, ind the values of ‘a’ and ‘b’. [CBSE 2018] b 1 oO 9. If Ais a square matrix such that A’ = A, then write the value of (I+ A)"-7A. [CBSE (AD) 20141 10. Ifa matrix has 5 elements, write all possible orders it can have [CBSE (AD 20111 11, Write the elementa,, of a3 x3 matrix A = (ay) whose elements a, are given by 4, fe ICBSE Deihi 2015] 12. Write the number of all possible matrices of order 2 x 2 with each entry 1, 2.0r3. ICBSE Central 2016] & Very Short Answer Questions (o. Ridereannce Ni eenmestteo 0-2 [CBSE 2019 (65/1/1)) 4. Tf A= oe id kA = YS then find the valt fk, id b. {CBSE 2019 (65/3/1)] =[9 2Janaica =|, %, then find the value of fan 4-3 15. Express 4=[) 1] asa sum of a symmetric and a skew-symmetric matrix. [CBSE 2019 (65/3/1)] 1 16. Solve the following matrix equation for x: [x | 5 H| °. {CBSE Dethi 2014] 3 4].ft ¥_[7 0}. , 17, If ce A L “lh 5 , find (x= y). (CBSE Dethi 2014} -2 5 18. -| q j] entra GA-8). [CBSE Guwahati 2015] Las ' 19. -9 x|" then write the value of x. (CBSE Dethi 2012) 20. imate A= IE 4 and A? =A, then write the value of & [CBSE (AD 2013) oo 21. Ifmatrix A= IE 3|and A? = pA, then write the value of p. {CBSE (AD) 2013) i Short Answer Questions 2% Given maicx A= [ 3) find A), if fa) = 2223 + 5 ho 2 23, WA=|0 2 1], then show that A?- 647474 +21= 0. 203 = oe 24, Express the matrix [1-1 2] as the sum of a symmetric and a skew symmetric matrix. 412) 2 O01 25. If A=|2 1 3}, then find the value of A? - 3A + 21. (CBSE (AI) 2010} 1-1 0| 26. Show that the elements along the main diagonal of a skew symmetric matrix are all zero. [CBSE Sample Paper 20171 ord B=|1 0 2|c= 120 (A+ B)C=AC+BC. [CBSE Ajmer 2015] 28. A manufacturer produces three products x, y, z which he sells in two markets. Annual sales are indicated in the table: , then calculate AC, BC and (A + B) C. Also verify that 2] | 3 Market Products = y z I 110,000 | 2,000 18,000 By 6,000 | 20,000 8,000 If unit sale price of x, y and 2 are %2.50, 21.50 and @1.00 respectively, then find the total revenue in each market, using matrices. Answers LO@ ) @ (i) (a) @ @ @® (i) @ (wi) (@) (itt) @) Raj=t 23%3 axed 5-6 wie 7. [4] Oy =Z SK xe = elie 04] 8. a=-2,b=3 9.1 10, 1x8 and 5x1 my Bese] 4 3) Jo4 a). 2/Hs 17,10 18 19. x= 13, $a] |e o 5 7 2 a 0 : 4 3 p35} | 3 22 2 ete 9 1 25.| 3-3 27. ac=|12| Bc=|8 | (a+B)c =|20 Es) 2h sofa 28 28, 1: 46,000 ; IT: 253,000

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