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Code Generator
Code generator is used to produce the target code for three-address statements. It uses registers to
store the operands of the three address statement.
Example:
Consider the three address statement x:= y + z. It can have the following sequence of codes:
MOV x, R0
ADD y, R0
Register and Address Descriptors:
A register descriptor contains the track of what is currently in each register. The register
descriptors show that all the registers are initially empty.
An address descriptor is used to store the location where current value of the name can be
found at run time.
A code-generation algorithm:
The algorithm takes a sequence of three-address statements as input. For each three address
statement of the form a:= b op c perform the various actions. These are as follows:
1. Invoke a function getreg to find out the location L where the result of computation b op c
should be stored.
2. Consult the address description for y to determine y'. If the value of y currently in memory
and register both then prefer the register y' . If the value of y is not already in L then generate
the instruction MOV y' , L to place a copy of y in L.
3. Generate the instruction OP z' , L where z' is used to show the current location of z. if z is in
both then prefer a register to a memory location. Update the address descriptor of x to
indicate that x is in location L. If x is in L then update its descriptor and remove x from all
other descriptor.
4. If the current value of y or z have no next uses or not live on exit from the block or in register
then alter the register descriptor to indicate that after execution of x : = y op z those register
will no longer contain y or z.
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Generating Code for Assignment Statements:
The assignment statement d:= (a-b) + (a-c) + (a-c) can be translated into the following sequence of
three address code:
t:= a-b
u:= a-c
v:= t +u
d:= v+u
Code sequence for the example is as follows:
Statement Code Generated Register descriptor Address descriptor
Register empty
t:= a - b MOV a, R0 R0 contains t t in R0
SUB b, R0
u:= a - c MOV a, R1 R0 contains t t in R0
SUB c, R1 R1 contains u u in R1
v:= t + u ADD R1, R0 R0 contains v u in R1
R1 contains u v in R1
d:= v + u ADD R1, R0 R0 contains d d in R0
MOV R0, d d in R0 and memory
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