Effect of the Lackness of Equipment to the Ability of Senior High

School Students to Learn Technical and Vocational Skills at Central

Panay College of Science and Technology, Inc.

A Quantitative Research Presented to

The Faculty of

Central Panay College of Science and Technology, Inc.

By:

Jereza C. Tolentino

John Zhean T. Nemis

Jemboy C. Tolentino

Gabriel Tenasas III

James Velasquez

Lawrence Homballas

Researchers

In Partial Fulfillment of the

Requirements for the

Technical Vocational Livelihood Program

APRIL 2024
 Chapter I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE

INTRODUCTION

Students learn important technical skills. But if there's not

enough equipment, learning becomes harder. This research aims to

understand how equipment shortages affect students’ ability to learn.

Home economics is a vocational course that provides the learners with

different learning opportunities as well as the knowledge,

understanding and skills necessary to live successfully both as

individuals and as a family member. In Home economics, the focus is on

combining and applied academic knowledge while also enhancing skills

development. It is important in today's educational system, students

will learn additional information that they can apply to their lives

in general and their future in particular. There is no other academic

field in which the skills they learned will be useful for the rest of

one's life. Because much of a person's life has traditionally been

focused on how to handle the difficulties and challenges of

homemaking. This is not only taught them about safety and baking or

cookery, but also help them develop responsibility at their home and

themselves. However, there are often issues with the home economics

strand, such as a lack of tools and equipment, like here at Central

Panay College of Science and Technology, Inc. Which causes on home

economics students to have complications with the baked products they

prepare. When it comes to Technical and Vocational Livelihood Strand

the home economics issues at Central Panay College of Science and

Technology, Inc. Which include insufficiency of tools and equipment

are also issue in other public and private schools. Baking tools and

equipment are used in the baking process of home economics students,

by giving them a way to measure ingredients, mix and bake in the oven

and decorate the prepare baked products. Having complete and correct

tools and equipment will ensure that the baked output of home

economics students is able to be effectively or accurately and also

helps them to become more skills at their baking. If tools and

equipment is insufficient it could cause a health hazard because food

could spoil or not be cooked thoroughly. Lack of baking tools like

baking pans resulted in uncooked and burn bread. If there were

sufficient tools and equipment those problems would have been

accurate, and failure of the home economics students baked products

led to their lower academic performances which are reflected in their

grades.

The objective of this study is look at the effects of

insufficient tools and equipment, to helps the learners and the school

to determine that the insufficiency of tools and equipment can affect

students’ knowledge, skills and performance. To give awareness that

with the right tools, home economics students will be perform

effectively and correctly. With this study the researchers are

encouraging the home economics students or the next generation of home

economics students to buy some basic tools and equipment on their own,

such as measuring spoon, measuring cup, rubber scraper and other

inexpensive items that are not available in the schools, same as what

home economics students currently doing, which can also help on their

baking. Also, it is a help for the teacher to considerate the home

economics imperfect baked products that cause of insufficiency of

tools and equipment.

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Everyone has heard the sayings "the right tool for the right job"

and "you are only as good as your tools", and both of these saying are

very accurate. It is important to make sure that students choose the

appropriate types and quality to fulfil your kitchen's needs given the

large range of baking equipment needed for an even greater variety of

recipes. Fitting baking equipment makes meal preparation more

effective. For instance, only restaurant with complete tools and

equipment’s necessary to produce the dish that the costumer has

ordered. Additionally, the use of kitchen equipment improves the

ability to keep the kitchen clean or organized. Home economics is a

subject through which many skills can be developed in particular the

practical skills involved in planning, preparing, cooking, baking and

serving food. It also builds the students responsibility on how to

take care of their households and to themselves. Home economic has a

basic tools and equipment that essential to the students to develop

their abilities or skills. Every tool and equipment have impact on the

students’ performance and own skills, such as baking. Researchers are

going to study about the importance of tools and equipment that can

help to the students. Home Economics students should have a various

tools and equipment, so they can save time in baking or cooking,

produce delicious taste on their output and make beautiful food

presentation. But, one of the common problems in Central Panay College

of Science and Technology, Inc. is lack of tools and equipment cause

of lack of budget of school and every student and teacher. This

research study proposed to know the insufficient tools and equipment,

and aims to understand it's impact on academic performance. For

instance, these last few months the senior high school students in

home economics baked a bread and due to the lack of tools and

equipment in baking such as baking pan, the result was not good

because instead of being soft it becomes hard.

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

For this study, we use a human capital theory. It's based on the

idea that having enough equipment directly affects how well senior

high school students learn technical and vocational skills at Central

Panay College of Science and Technology, Inc. This framework is built

on the common understanding that hands on learning and practical

experiences are crucial for developing technical expertise.

Essentially, if student don't have the right tools and equipment, it's

harder for them to learn and master these skills. This framework

doesn't delve into complex theories or abstract concepts but rather

focuses on the practical aspect of how equipment availability impacts

learning outcomes. By keeping it simple and direct, we can better

understand the relationship between equipment and students’ ability to

acquire essential technical and vocational skills.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

Availability of Learning Outcomes in

equipment Technical and Vocational

Education of Senior High

School at Central Panay

College of Science and

Technology, Inc.
 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study aims the effectiveness of Technical and Vocational

Livelihood education by examining the impact of equipment shortages on

the learning abilities of senior high school students. It seeks to

explore how the lack of equipment affects students’ acquisition of

essential skills, including communication, working, and leadership

skills. Through this, the study aims to provide conclusive evidence

regarding the relationship between equipment availability and students

learning outcomes in Technical and Vocational Livelihood programs.

1.What are the effects of lack of equipment in schools?

2.What are the effect of insufficient tools and equipment at students?

3.How do you think the shortage of equipment impacts your preparedness

for future career opportunities?

4.Can you provide examples of specific tools or resources that you

feel are lacking in your learning environment?

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The significance of this study lies in its practical implications

for improving the learning experiences of senior high school students

at Central Panay College of Science and Technology, Inc. in technical

and vocational education. By addressing the equipment shortage issue,

this study aims to contribute to enhancing the quality of education

and preparing students better for their future careers.

Senior High School Students -Their knowledge and skills to

development will benefit from it. Students will gain life skills that

will help them become more responsible at home as they learn how to

care for themselves and their homes. The student’s knowledge and

abilities will grow as a result. Their learning experience will be

enhanced by adequate tools and equipment. It will help them to improve

their performance and productivity.

Teacher -They will benefit from being aware of their sufficient

tools and equipment. They'll be able to identify ways to improve or

enhance their students’ performance. Teacher can use this research to

help them develop lessons that will best suit with the needs of their

students.

Parents -The findings of this study could help parents to be more

aware of what their children are learning and they are more likely to

help when they are requested by teachers to become involved in their

learning activities.

Researcher-This will assist researcher in learning more about

their field of study and enhancing their academic performance skills.

 Future Researcher -This will help them to have a background

knowledge about the topic. They will benefit from receiving more

details and suggestions about the possible future effect or result of

choosing home economic strand.

SCOPE AND THE LIMITATIONS

The study aims to identify specific limitations faced by students

and educators due to the lack of equipment, such as restricted access

to hands on training and limited exposure to modern tools. However,

it's important to note some limitations of this study. This research

further demonstrates that if the basic tools and equipment needs are

not provided, student will not be able to learn effectively. The

research design is descriptive. This study will be conducted using a

survey form in gathering necessary data from the respondent. The Part

1 is the lack of equipment’s in the areas of home economics such as

baking and cooking. Then, Part 2 is refers to the impact of

insufficient tools and equipment in the academic performance among

Home Economics students in terms of grades and honor. While, Part 3 is

the possible impact of insufficiency of tools and equipment to length

of time, proper procedure and food outcome. The respondent will

compose of thirty (30) senior high school students and they will be

chosen through the use of purposive sampling technique. This study

will be conducted from school year 2023-2024.

 DEFINITION OF TERMS

Equipment -Tools and resources necessary for technical and

vocational education, including machinery, instruments and materials.

Technical and Vocational Skills -Practical abilities and

knowledge required for specific trades or professions, such as

carpentry, plumbing and heating ingredients.

Scarcity- Insufficient availability or shortage of equipment,

hindering students learning experiences.

Hands on Learning -Learning approach involving direct interaction

with equipment and practical tasks, emphasizing experiential learning.

HYPOTHESIS

The hypothesis for this study is the lack of equipment negatively

affects the ability of senior high school students at Central Panay

College of Science and Technology to learn technical and vocational

skills. This hypothesis suggests that when students do not have access

to sufficient.

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

 Tools and equipment in Home Economics for preparing food, kitchen

tools and equipment are essential as they make cooking quick and

simple. In short, the right kitchen tools and equipment are essential

for baking and making other foods because they make our jobs easier.

According to a study by Cecilia (2021), tools and equipment are

crucial to the success of senior high school students in tasks like

baking, cooking, and pastry making. Tools and equipment insufficiency

effective teaching and learning of home economics need access to

sufficient and high-quality tools and equipment. Students may find it

difficult to get the skills and knowledge needed to succeed in the

subject area without the proper equipment. The research conducted by

Ndraha, et al.(2020) that examined the extent to which inadequate

tools and equipment can affect home economics education and students

learning outcomes revealed that a lack of adequate resources not only

results in a decline in student performance but also makes it

difficult for teachers to utilize efficient teaching strategies.

Further, Lilibeth G. Parilla's (2018) research found that a lack of

practical skills among students was caused by a shortage of tools and

equipment. Overall, sufficient tools and equipment are required.

Academic performance in Home Economics students must perform well

academically in home economics in order to gain the knowledge and

skills required for success.

Learning outcomes and academic performance are significantly

affected by the availability and quality of equipment and tools in the

home economics curriculum. It is important that educational

establishments give students the tools they need to promote active

learning and raise academic achievement in the subject.

Levin and Belfield (2019), When Alinafe Namate et al.(2018),

looked into the effects of students lack of access to tools and

equipment on their academic performance while studying home economics,

they discovered that these students performed less successful

academically than those who had more access to this equipment.

Additionally, the absence of equipment created an uncertain learning

environment, which decreased the student’s interest in the material

and level of learning engagement. In line with this, Saucier et al.

(2011) concluded that the availability of tools and equipment in the

home economic classroom is a significant factor in the academic

performance of students in the academic performance of students in the

subject. Lack of access to sufficient resources can hinder student

learning, reduce student engagement, and result in poor academic

performance. Educational institutions must invest in the necessary

resources to provide students with quality tools and equipment for

effective learning and better academic performance. Insufficient tools

and equipment in length of time. The time it takes to accomplish

cooking and baking activities can be significantly impacted by the

lack of appropriate tools and equipment in the kitchen. Lack of

success to essential materials may cause students to work slowly and

inefficiently. For students to learn effectively and get better

results in their home economics education, educational institutions

must make the investments that are needed in quality tools and

equipment.

CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
 This chapter explains various methodologies that will use in

gathering data and analysis which are relevant to the research. The

methodologies will include areas such as research design, respondent

of the study, locale of the study, research instruments, data

gathering procedures, statistical treatment, statistical analysis.

RESEARCH DESIGN

This research employs the descriptive research design. The goal

of descriptive research is to precisely and methodically describe a

population, circumstance, or phenomenon. It can respond to inquiries

about what, where, when, and how, but not why.

RESEARCH RESPONDENTS

The respondents of this study will be thirty (30) home economics

senior high school students from Central Panay College of Science and

Technology. These respondents are the ones who are knowledgeable to

answers the survey form that the researchers will give to them which

supplies the information that the researchers need.

LOCALE OF THE STUDY

(Figure 1. Map of Central Panay College of Science and Technology,

Inc.)

(Figure 2. Central Panay College of Science and Technology, Inc.)

The study will be conducted in Central Panay College of Science

and Technology, Inc. at Kalibo, Aklan. The respondents will be

interviewed in the school using a survey form. These respondents

would be interviewed via questionnaires in survey form. The study will

be conducted in the second semester of academic year 2023-2024.

RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS

For studying the impact of equipment shortage on the ability of

senior high school students to learn technical and vocational skills

could include surveys to assess students’ perceptions of available

equipment. These instruments would help gather quantitative data to

understand the extent of the issue and it's effects on learning

outcomes.

DATA GATHERING PROCEDURES

To gather data on the impact of equipment shortage on senior high

school students’ ability to learn technical and vocational skills, you

could employ several to assess their perceptions of the availability

and adequacy of equipment in their technical and vocational classes.

Include questions about how equipment shortages affect their learning

experiences and skill development. Spend time observing impact of

equipment shortages on teaching and learning. Take note of how

teachers adapt their lessons, how students interact with limited

resources, and any obstacles faced in skill development. Review school

records, curriculum documents, and budget reports to understand the

extent of equipment shortages and the efforts made address them.

STATISTICAL TREATMENT

To address the lack of equipment for technical and vocational

skills, you could employ statistical method.

Cost-Benefit Analysis Evaluate the economic implications of

investing in additional equipment compared to the potential benefits

in terms of skill acquisition and equipment opportunities.

Statistical Analysis

The table 1.1: The Profile of the respondents.

Grade/Section/Strand Respondents Percentage

11-A TVL (HE) 18 60%

11-B TVL (HE) 12 40%

Total: 30 100%

Table 1.2 has the lowest respondents of age 18 years old in grade

11 students of Central Panay College of Science and Technology, Inc.

has 1 or 5.9% respondents. Age of 16 years old has 13 respondents or

40%. The highest respondent of age is 17 years old has 16 respondents

or 54.1%.

Age Respondents Percentage

16 13 40%

17 16 54.1%

18 1 5.9%

Total: 30 100%

In the table 1.3 shows that the highest respondent is male that

has 16 or 70% respondents of Grade 11 TVL (HE). Female has the lowest

respondents of students in Grade 11 TVL (HE) has 14 respondents or

30%.

Table 1.3

Gender Respondents Percentage

Male 16 70%

Female 14 30%

Total 30 100%

Table 2.

Statements Remarks

Students can work properly 4.6 Agree

Their learning skills will 4.1 Agree

not be enough

Lack of knowledge 3.9 Disagree

Total: 4.2 Agree

In the table of 2 has the lowest respondents is lack of

knowledge.

Table 3.

Statements Remarks

Improve students 5 Strongly Agree

skills

Can masterpiece 4.9 Strongly Agree

their work.

Students can get 4.8 Strongly Agree

exactly what they

need.

Total 4.9 Agree

In the table 3 shows that the lowest respondent is “students can

get exactly what they need.”

CHAPTER IV

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The lack of equipment can significantly hinder senior high school

students’ ability to learn technical and vocational skills. Without

proper tools and resources, students may struggle to grasp concepts

and apply them practically, impacting their overall learning

experience and skill development. In the absence of equipment,

educators may need to resort to alternative teaching methods or

theoretical approaches, which may not be as effective in preparing

students for real-world scenarios. Additionally, the lack of hands-on

experience can affect students’ confidence and motivation in pursuing

technical and vocational careers. These challenges highlight the

importance of adequate resources and support to facilitate effective

skill acquisition among students.

CHAPTER V

SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter will provide the summary of findings, conclusions

and recommendations.
 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS

From a thorough analysis of the data collected and results

obtained, following significant findings are summarized.

1. What are the effects of lack of equipment in schools?

2. What are the effect of insufficient tools and equipment at

students?

3. How do you think the shortage of equipment impacts your

preparedness for future career opportunities?

4. Can you provide examples of specific tools or resources that

you feel are lacking in your learning environment?

CONCLUSIONS

Based on the findings of the study, the following conclusions are

drawn.

1. It affects the quality of instruction and the overall preparedness

of students' learning.

2. Leading to inadequate learning, insufficient facilities, and

ineffective education, hindering students’ development.

3. Without sufficient hands-on practice, students’ may not develop the

necessary proficiency to excel in their chosen careers.

4.Here are some examples of specific tools or resources that we feel

are lacking in our learning environment such as measuring cups in

baking, lack of table skirting, and workplace in performing in our

baking and cooking.

RECOMMENDATIONS

Based on the results and conclusions of the study, the following

recommendations are offered.

1. Increase funding to allocate more financial resources to

schools to procure essential equipment and maintain existing resources

dedicated to technical and vocational education.

2.Industry Partnerships with local industries to provide students

with access to equipment, internships, and apprenticeships, enabling

them to gain practical experience aligned with industry standards.

3.Teacher training to enhance their skills in delivering hands on

instruction and effectively integrating technology into the

curriculum.

4. Infrastructure development to create conducive learning

environments equipped with modern facilities for technical education.

5.Community engagement including parents, local businesses, and

government agencies, to raise awareness of the importance of technical

and vocational education and garner support for improving resources

and facilities.
 6. Advocacy and policy reform at the local and national levels

that prioritize investment in technical and vocational education,

including provisions for adequate equipment and resources.

Based on the results and conclusions of the study, the following

recommendations are offered: By implementing these recommendations,

educational institutions can mitigate the impact of equipment

shortages and better support senior high school students in acquiring

the technical and vocational skills needed for success in the

workforce.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Smith,J.(2019),"The Impact of Insufficient Equipment on Technical

and Vocational education: A Case study of senior high school students

in Rural Areas. Journal of Vocational education research,45(2),123-

136.

Brown,A.,& Jones B (2020)." Addressing Equipment Shortages in

Technical and Vocational Education: Strategies and Implications for

Senior High School Curriculum." International Journal of Education and

Development using Information and Communication Technology,16(1),87-

102.

Johnson,R.,&Lee,C.(2021)."Exploring the Relationship between

equipment availability and students skill acquisition in technical and

vocational education." Journal of Vocational Education and

Training,73(3),298-312.

Nguyen,T.,&Patel,K.(2022)."Analysing the effects of limited

equipment on technical and vocational skills development among senior

high school students: A Comparative study." International Journal of

Technical and Vocational Education,9(2),45-58.

Garcia, M.,et al.(2023)."Barriers to learning technical skills in

senior high schools: The Role of Equipment Accessibility." Journal of

Technical Education and Training,14(4),211-225.

APPENDICES

Appendix A

SURVEY FORM

Name____________________________ Grade & Section________ Age _____

Direction: Please indicate the degree of your disagreement and

agreement to the lack of equipment to the ability of senior high

school students to learn the technical and vocational skills in

connection with items being described below. You have to check the

appropriate column that corresponds to your evaluation on every item

stated.

5 Strongly Agree (SA)

4 Agree (A)

3 Slightly Agree (SA)

2 Disagree (D)

1 Strongly Disagree (SD)

Lack of Equipment in Technical and Vocational Skills SA A SLA D SD

(5) (4) (3) (2) (1)

1.The books in Cookery subject is not enough.

2.Lack of equipment in baking is the most problem

inside the classroom.

3.There is no enough electric fan inside the

classroom.

4. Some of the table in cooking are damage which

makes the student uncomfortable and the environment/

setting unconducive to learn.

5.Instructional materials are not available during

discussion of visually- oriented topics just like in

Home Economics.
6. Absence of laboratory equipment makes daily

learning competencies in cookery subject truly

unattainable.

7.Classroom in cookery subject in this school are not

enough.

8.Lack of utensils, tools and equipment are the most

problem in this school.

9. Some of the tables in skirting is not enough.

10.Lack of facilities in Technical Vocational

Livelihood Strand in this school.

11.On a scale 1 to 5, how would you rate the

availability of equipment necessary for learning

technical and vocational skills at your school?

12.How does the shortage of equipment impact your

motivation to engage in Technical Vocational

activities?

13. Do you think the lack of equipment affects the

quality of education in technical and vocational

subjects at your school?

14.Do you ever had to resort to alternative methods

or improvisation due to the unavailability of

equipment?

15.Do you think schools could address the issue of

equipment shortages in technical and vocational

education?

TOTAL