Calculus MTH 3100
Chapter 1 : Intro. To Calculus
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1.4 TRIGONOMETRIC
FUNCTIONS
This section reviews the basic trigonometric
functions. The trigonomstric functions are
important because they are periodic, or
repeating, and therefore model many naturally
occuring periodic processes.
Radian Measure
In nagivation and astronomy, angles are
measured in degrees, but in calculus it is best to
use units called radians because of the way
they simplify later calculations.
For example, 45° in radian measure is
And radians is
.
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Calculus MTH 3100
Chapter 1 : Intro. To Calculus
The Six Basic Trigonometric Functions
The trigonometric functions are the sine (sin),
cosine (cos), tangent (tan), cotangent (cot),
secant (sec) and cosecant (csc) and defined in
terms of the coordinates of P(t) = (x, y) by
sin t = y cos t = x tan t =
csc t = sec t = cot t =
P
y
t
x
Figure 1 : Trigonometric function for an angle t
Trigonometric Identities
(1)
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Calculus MTH 3100
Chapter 1 : Intro. To Calculus
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
Reduction Formulas
(8)
(9)
(10)
(11)
(12)
(13)
Addition and Subtraction Formulas
(14)
(15)
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Calculus MTH 3100
Chapter 1 : Intro. To Calculus
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Double-Angle Formulas
Half-Angle Formulas
Product-To-Sum Formulas
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Calculus MTH 3100
Chapter 1 : Intro. To Calculus
Example: Finding Trigonometric Function
Values
If and , find the five other
trigonometric functions of .
Solution :
From , we construct the right triangle as in
Figure 2.
2
The Pythagorean Theorem gives the length of
the hypotenuse as . From the triangle we write
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Calculus MTH 3100
Chapter 1 : Intro. To Calculus
the values of the other five trigonometric
functions:
Example :
Find the angles for the equation.
Solution :
Since , we have
or
Then,
Finally,
= n + 45 and = n - 14 2
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Calculus MTH 3100
Chapter 1 : Intro. To Calculus
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