Shiv Chhatrapati Shikshan Sanstha’s

SANT TUKARAM NATIONAL MODEL SCHOOL, LATUR

CLASS: IX COORDINATE GEOMETRY Sub: Mathematics

Content:

1) Introduction
2) Main concepts and Sub-concepts
3) Gist of the Lesson
4) Video
5) Graph
6) Mind Map
7) Bibliography
8) Question Bank

Coordinate geometry (or analytic geometry) is defined as the study of geometry

using the coordinate points. Using coordinate geometry, it is possible to find the
distance between two points, dividing lines in m:n ratio, finding the mid-point of a
line, calculating the area of a triangle in the Cartesian plane, etc. There are certain
terms in Cartesian geometry that should be properly understood. These terms
include:

Coordinate Geometry Terms

Coordinate Geometry It is one of the branches of geometry where the position of a

Definition point is defined using coordinates.

What are the Coordinates are a set of values which helps to show the exact
Coordinates? position of a point in the coordinate plane.

A coordinate plane is a 2D plane which is formed by the

Coordinate Plane
intersection of two perpendicular lines known as the x-axis and
Meaning
y-axis.
Main concepts:
1).Cartesian System

2).Plotting a Point in the Plane if its Coordinates are given

Gist of the chapter:

1. The position of the point is located on a plane by drawing two lines
perpendicular to each other.
2. The horizontal line is called x-axis and the vertical line is called y-axis
3. The plane is called the cartesian or coordinate plane and the mutually
perpendicular lines are called axes.
4. The x- coordinate of a point is called abscissa.
5. The y-coordinate of a point is called the ordinate.
6. The abscissa of every point is 0 on the y-axis and the ordinate is every point
is 0 on the xaxis.
7. The coordinates of the origin are (0,0).
8. The axis divides the plane in four quadrants.
9. The points of the type lies in:
(+,+) - Quadrant I, (-, +) - quadrant II
(-,-) - Quadrant III, (+,-) - quadrant IV
10. The position of a point in a plane is determined with reference to two fixed
mutually perpendicular lines, called the coordinate axes. The horizontal line
called the x-axis and y-axis is called the y-axis.

Video: https://youtu.be/GiltqjaBTh8

Activity: To obtain the mirror image of a given geometrical figure with respect to x-
axis and y-axis.

For stairs, plot some points say, A(3,0), B(3,1), C(2,1), D(2,2), E(1,2), F(1,3), G(0,3)
with coloured pencils

Mind Map
Bibliography:
1) RD Sharma

2) S.Chand

3) Reliable

Question Bank
 EXERCISE:3.1
Question 1:

How will you describe the position of a table lamp on your study table to
another person?
ANSWER:

Consider that the lamp is placed on the table. Choose two adjacent edges, DC and
AD. Then, draw perpendiculars on the edges DC and AD from the position of lamp
and measure the lengths of these perpendiculars. Let the length of these
perpendiculars be 30 cm and 20 cm respectively. Now, the position of the lamp from
the left edge (AD) is 20 cm and from the lower edge (DC) is 30 cm. This can also be
written as (20, 30), where 20 represents the perpendicular distance of the lamp from
edge AD and 30 represents the perpendicular distance of the lamp from edge DC.
Question 2:

(Street Plan): A city has two main roads which cross each other at the centre
of the city. These two roads are along the North-South direction and East-West
direction.

All the other streets of the city run parallel to these roads and are 200 m apart.
There are about 5 streets in each direction. Using 1 cm = 100 m, draw a model
of the city on your notebook Represent the roads/streets by single lines.

There are many cross-streets in your model. A particular cross-street is made

by two streets, one running in the North-South direction and another in the
East-West direction. Each cross street is referred to in the following manner: If
the 2nd street running in the North-South direction and 5th in the East-West
direction meet at some crossing, then we will call this cross-street (2, 5). Using
this convention, find:

(i) How many cross - streets can be referred to as (4, 3).

(ii) How many cross - streets can be referred to as (3, 4).

ANSWER:
Both the cross-streets are marked in the above figure. It can be observed that there
is only one cross-street which can be referred as (4, 3), and again, only one which
can be referred as (3, 4).

EXERCISE:3.2

Question 1:

Write the answer of each of the following questions:

(i) What is the name of horizontal and the vertical lines drawn to determine the
position of any point in the Cartesian plane?

(ii) What is the name of each part of the plane formed by these two lines?

(iii) Write the name of the point where these two lines intersect.
ANSWER:

(i) The name of horizontal lines and vertical lines drawn to determine the position of
any point in the Cartesian plane is x-axis and y-axis respectively.

(ii) The name of each part of the plane formed by these two lines, x-axis and y-axis,
is quadrant (one-fourth part).

(iii) The name of the point where these two lines intersect is the origin.
Question 2:
See the given figure, and write the following:

(i) The coordinates of B.

(ii) The coordinates of C.

(iii) The point identified by the coordinates .

(iv) The point identified by the coordinates

(v) The abscissa of the point D.

(vi) The ordinate of the point H.

(vii) The coordinates of the point L.

(viii) The coordinates of the point M

ANSWER:

(i) The x-coordinate and the y-coordinate of point B are −5 and 2 respectively.
Therefore, the coordinates of point B are (−5, 2).

(ii) The x-coordinate and the y-coordinate of point C are 5 and −5 respectively.
Therefore, the coordinates of point C are (5, −5).

(iii) The point whose x-coordinate and y-coordinate are −3 and −5 respectively is
point E.
(iv) The point whose x-coordinate and y-coordinate are 2 and −4 respectively is point
G.

(v) The x-coordinate of point D is 6. Therefore, the abscissa of point D is 6.

(vi) The y-coordinate of point H is −3. Therefore, the ordinate of point H is −3.

(vii) The x-coordinate and the y-coordinate of point L are 0 and 5 respectively.
Therefore, the coordinates of point L are (0, 5).

(viii) The x-coordinate and the y-coordinate of point M are −3 and 0 respectively.
Therefore, the coordinates of point M is (−3, 0).

EXERCISE: 3.3

Question 1:

In which quadrant or on which axis do each of the points

and lie? Verify your answer by locating them
on the Cartesian plane.
ANSWER:

The point lies in the IInd quadrant in the Cartesian plane because for point
, x-coordinate is negative and y-coordinate is positive.
Again, the point lies in the IVth quadrant in the Cartesian plane because for
point , x-coordinate is positive and y-coordinate is negative.

The point lies on negative x-axis because for point , the value of y-
coordinate is zero and the value of x-coordinate is negative.

The point lies in the Ist quadrant as for point , both x and y are positive.

The point lies in the IIIrd quadrant in the Cartesian plane because for
point , both x and y are negative.
Question 2:

Plot the point (x, y) given in the following table on the plane, choosing suitable
units of distance on the axis.
x −2 −1 0 1 3
y 8 7 −1.25 3 −1

ANSWER:

The given points can be plotted on the Cartesian plane as follows.

Question Bank as per the paper pattern

1 Mark questions:

Question 1:
Write whether the following statements are true or false? Justify your answer.
(i) Point (3, 0) lies in the first quadrant.
(ii) Points (1 -1) and (-1, 1) lie in the same quadrant.
(iii) The coordinates of a point whose ordinate is – ½ and abscissa is 1 are (-½
,1).
(iv) A point lies on Y-axis at a distance of 2 units from the X-axis. Its
coordinates are (2, 0).
(v) (-1,7) is a point in the second quadrant.
Solution:
(i) False, since the ordinate of the point (3, 0) is zero. So, the point lies on X-axis.
(ii) False, because in point (1, -1) x-coordinate is positive and y-coordinate is
negative, so it lies in IV quadrant and in (-1,1), x-coordinate is negative and y-
coordinate is positive, so it lies in II quadrant.
(iii) False, because stating the coordinates of a point abscissa comes first and then
ordinate (1,-½).
(iv) False, because point (2, 0) lies on X-axis whose distance from Y-axis is 2 units.

(v) True, because in a point (-1, 7) abscissa is negative and ordinate is positive.
2 Mark Questions

Question 1:
Write the coordinates of each of the points P, Q, R, S, T and 0 from the figure

Thinking Process
(i) Firstly, draw the perpendicular lines from the point to the coordinates axes.
(ii) Further, measure the distance from intersecting points to the origin along their
sign.
(iii) Finally, write the x unit distance and y unit distance in pair.
Solution:
Here, points P and S lie in I quadrant so their both coordinates will be positive. Now,
perpendicular distance of P from both axes is 1, so coordinates of P are (1, 1). Also,
perpendicular distance of S from X-axis is 1 and from Y-axis is 2, so coordinates of S
are (2,1). Point 0 lies on X-axis in negative direction so its y-coordinate will be zero
and x-coordinate will be -3. So, coordinates of 0 are (-3 0). Point R lies in III
quadrant, so its both coordinates will be negative. Now, its perpendicular distance
from X-axis is 3 and from Y-axis is 2, so coordinates of point R are (-2, – 3).
Point T lies in IV quadrant, so its x-coordinate will be positive and y-coordinate will
be negative. Now, its. perpendicular distance from X-axis is 2 and from Y-axis is 4,
so coordinates of T are (4, -2). Point 0 is the intersection of both axes, so it is the
origin and its coordinates are O (0,0).

Question 2:
Plot the following points and write the name of the figure obtained by joining,
them in order P(-3, 2), Q(-7, -3), R(6, -3)andS(2, 2).
Solution:
Let X’ OX and Y’ OY be the coordinate axes and mark point on it. Here, point P(-3,2)
lies in II quadrant, Q(-7,-3) lies in III quadrant, R(6, – 3) lies in IV quadrant and S(2,2)
lies in I quadrant. Plotting the points on the graph paper, the figure obtained is
trapezium PQRS.

Question 3:
Plot the points (x, y) given by the following table.

Solution:
On plotting the given points on the graph, we get the points P(2,4), Q(4,2) R (-3, 0),
S (-2, 5), T (3, – 3)and O (0 0)
Question 4:
Plot the following points and check whether they are collinear or not
(i) (X 3), (-X -1), (-2, – 3)

(ii) (1,1), (2, – 3), (-X – 2)

(iii) (0,0),(2,2),(5,5)
Thinking Process
(i) Firstly, plot all three points on a graph paper and join them.
(ii) If it lives a straight line, then points are collinear otherwise non-collinear.
Solution:
(i) Plotting the points P (1, 3), Q (-1, -1) and R (-2, – 3) on the graph paper and join
these points, we get a straight line. Hence, these points are collinear.

(ii) Plotting the points P (1,1), 0 (2, – 3) and R (-1, -2) on the graph paper and join
these three points, we get three lines i.e., the given points do not lie on the same
line. So, given points are not collinear.

(iii) Plotting the points 0 (0, 0), A (2,2)and 6 (5, 5)on the graph paper and join these
points, we get a straight line. Hence, given points are collinear.

Question 5:
Without plotting the points indicate the quadrant in which they will lie, if
(i) ordinate is 5 and abscissa is – 3.
(ii) abscissa is – 5 and ordinate is – 3.
(iii) abscissa is – 5 and ordinate is 3.
(iv) ordinate is 5 and abscissa is 3.
Thinking Process
(i) Firstly, write the giver) coordinates in a point form and check the sign of each
coordinate of a point.
(ii) Signs of the coordinates of a point in first quadrant are (+, +) in the second
quadrant (-, +), in the third quadrant and in the fourth quadrant (+,-).
Solution:
(i) The given point is (- 3, 5). Here, abscissa is negative and ordinate is positive, so it
lies in II quadrant.
(ii) The given point is (-5, – 3). Here, abscissa and ordinate both are negative, so it
lies in III quadrant.
(iii) The given point is (-5, 3). Here, abscissa is negative and ordinate is positive, so
it lies in II quadrant.
(iv) The given point is (3, 5). Here, abscissa and ordinate both are positive, so it lies
in I quadrant.

Question 6:
In figure LM is a line parallel to the Y-axis at a distance of 3 units.
(i) What are the coordinates of the points P, R and Q?
(ii) What is the difference between the abscissa of the points L and M?
Solution:
Given, LM is a line parallel to the Y-axis and its perpendicular distance from Y-axis is
3 units.
(i) Coordinate of point P = (3, 2) [since, its perpendicular distance from X-axis is 2]
Coordinate of point 0 = (3, -1) [since, its perpendicular distance from X-axis is 1 in
negative direction of Y-axis]. Coordinate of point R = (3, 0) [since its lies on X-axis,
so its y-coordinate is zero].
(ii) Abscissa of point L = 3, abscissa of point M = 3
Difference between the abscissa of the points L and M = 3-3 = 0

Question 7:
In which quadrant or on which axis each of the following points lie?
(-3, 5), (4,-1), (2,0), (2, 2), (-3,-6)
Solution:
(i) In point (-3, 5), x-coordinate is negative and y-coordinate is positive, so it lies in
II quadrant.
(ii) In point (4,-1), x-coordinate is positive and y-coordinate is negative, so it lies in IV
quadrant.
(iii) In point (2,0), x-coordinate is positive and y-coordinate is zero, so it lies on X-
axis.
(iv) In point (2,2), x-coordinate and y-coordinate both are positive, so it lies in I
quadrant.
(v) In point (-3, – 6), x-coordinate and y-coordinate both are negative, so it lies in III
quadrant.

Question 8:
Which of the following points lies on Y-axis?
A(l, 1), B(1, 0), C(0, 1), D(0, 0), E(0, -1), F(-1, 0), G(0, 5), H(-7, 0) and I(3 ,3).
Thinking Process
The point lies on Y-axis means x-coordinate of point will be zero. Check this
condition for every given point and find out the correct point.
Solution:
We know that, a point lies on the Y-axis, if its x-coordinate is zero. Here, x-
coordinate of points C(0, 1), D(0, 0), E(0,-1) and G(0, 5) are zero. So, these points lie
on Y-axis. Also, D(0, 0) is the intersection point of both.the axes, so we can consider
that it lies on Y-axis as well as on X-axis.
Question 9:
Plot the points (x, y) given by the following table. Use scale 1 cm= 0.25 unit.

Solution:
Let X’OX and X’ OX be the coordinate axes. Plot the given points (1.25, -0.5), (0.25,
1), (1.5,1.5) and (-1.75, – 0.25) on the graph paper.

Question 10:
A point lies on positive direction of X-axis at a distance of 7 units from the Y-
axis. What are its coordinates? What will be the coordinates, if it lies on
negative direction of Y-axis at a distance of 7 units from X-axis?
Solution:
Given, point lies on the positive direction of X-axis, so its y-coordinate will be zero
and it is at a distance of 7 units from the X-axis, so its coordinates are (7, 0). If it lies
on negative direction of X-axis, then its x-coordinate will be zero and its distance
from X-axis is 7 units, so its coordinates are (0, -7).

Question 11:
Find the coordinates of the point
(i) which lies on X and Y-axes both.
(ii) whose ordinate is – 4 and which lies on Y-axis.
(iii) whose abscissa is 5 and which lies on X-axis.
Solution:
(i) The point which lies on X and Y-axes both is origin whose coordinates are (0, 0).
(ii) The point whose ordinate is – 4 and which lies on Y-axis, i.e., whose x-coordinate
is zero, is (0,-4).
(iii) The point whose abscissa is 5 and which lies on X-axis, i.e., whose y-coordinate
is zero, is (5, 0).

Question 12:
Taking 0.5 cm as 1 unit, plot the following points on the graph paper A( 1, 3),
6(-3, -1,), C( 1, -4), D(-2, 3), E(0, -8) and F(1, 0).
Solution:
Here, in point 4(1, 3) both x and y-coordinates are positive, so it lies in I quadrant. In
point 8(-3, -1),both x and y-coordinates are negative, so it lies in III quadrant. In point
C(1, -4), x-coordinate is positive and y-coordinate is negative, so it lies in IV
quadrant.
In point D(-2, 3), x-coordinate is negative and y-coordinate is positive, so it lies in II
quadrant.
In point E(0,-8) x-coordinate is zero, so it lies on Y-axis and in point F(1,0) y-
coordinate is zero, so it lies on X-axis.
On plotting the given points, we get the following graph.

3 Mark Questions

Question 1:
Points A(5, 3), B(-2, 3) and 0(5, – 4) are three vertices of a square ABCD. Plot
these points on a graph paper and hence, find the coordinates of the vertex C.
Thinking Process
(i) Firstly, plot the given points on a graph and join in order.
(ii) Now, we extend a line from point D parallel to X-axis and extend an other line
from point 8 parallel to Y-axis, which will meet at point C.
(iii) Further, we measure the distance from point C to the coordinate axis.
Solution:
The graph obtained by plotting the points A, B and C andD is given below. Take a
point C on the graph such that ABCD is a square i.e., all sides AB, BC, CD, and AD
are equal.
So, abscissa of C should be equal to abscissa of B i.e., -2 and ordinate of C should
be equal to ordinate of D i.e., -4. Hence, the coordinates of C are (-2, – 4).

Question 2:
Write the coordinates of the vertices of a rectangle whose length and breadth
are 5 and 3 units respectively, one vertex at the origin, the longer side lies on
the X-axis and one of the vertices lies in the third quadrant.

Solution:
Given, length of a rectangle = 5 units and breadth of a rectangle = 3 units
One vertex is at origin i.e., (0, 0) and one of the other vertices lies in III quadrant. So,
the length of the rectangle is 5 units in the negative direction of X-axis and then
vertex is A(-5, 0). Also, the breadth of the rectangle is 3 units in the
negative,direction of y-axis and then vertex is C(0, -3). The fourth vertex B is (-5, –
3).

Question 3:
Plot the points P(1, 0), Q(4, 0) and 5(1, 3). Find the coordinates of the point R
such that PQRS is a square.
Solution:
In point P( 1, 0), y-coordinate is zero, so it lies on X-axis. In point Q(4, 0), y-
coordinate is zero so it lies on X-axis. In point S (1, 3), both coordinates are positive,
so it lies in I quadrant. On plotting these points, we get the following graph.
Now, take a point R on the graph such that PQRS is a square. Then, all sides will be
equal i.e., PQ = QR= RS = PS. So, abscissa of R should be equal to abscissa of Q
i.e., 4 and ordinate of R should be equal to ordinate of S i.e., 3. Hence, the
coordinates of R are (4, 3).

Question 4:
From the given figure, answer the following questions

(i) Write the points whose abscissa is 0.

(ii) Write the points whose ordinate is 0.
(iii) Write the points whose abscissa is – 5,
Solution:
(i) We know that, the point whose abscissa is 0 will lie on Y-axis. So, the required
points whose abscissa is 0 are A, L and O.
(ii) We know that, the point whose ordinate is 0 will lie on X-axis. So, the required
points, whose ordinate is 0 are G,l and O.
(iii) Here, abscissa ‘-5’ is negative, which shows that point with abscissa -5 will lie in
II and III quadrants. So, the required points whose abscissa is -5, are D and H.
Note: We know that, origin O is the intersection point of both axes. So, we can
consider it on X-axis as well as on Y-axis.

Question 5:
Plot the points A (1, – 1) and B (4, 5).
(i) Draw the line segment joining these points. Write the coordinates of a point
on this line segment between the points A and B.
(ii) Extend this line segment and write the coordinates of a point on this line
which lies outside the line segment AB.
Solution:
In point A(1, -1), x-coordinate is positive and y-coordinate is negative, so it lies in IV
quadrant. In point B(4, 5), both coordinates are positive, so it lies in I quadrant. On
plotting these point, we get the following graph.

(i) On joining the points A and B, we get the line segment AB. Now, to find the
coordinates of a point on this line segment between A and B draw a perpendicular to
X-axis from x = 2 and 3.
[since, x = 2 and 3 lies between A and B] say it intersect line segment AB at P and
p’. Now, draw a perpendicular to Y-axis from P and p’, they intersect Y-axis at y = 1
and 3, respectively. Thus, we get points (2,1) and (3, 3) which lie between line
segment AB.
(ii) Extent the line segment AB. Now, draw a perpendicular to X-axis from x = 5, say
it intersects extended line segment at Q. Again, draw a perpendicular to Y-axis from
Q and it intersects Y-axis at y = 7. Thus, we get the point Q(5,7) which lies outside
the line segment AB.

The End