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Introducing Svelte 5 - What To Expect

Svelte 5 introduces runes like state, derived, and effect to make reactivity more explicit. State marks values as reactive, derived ensures lazy recalculation of dependent values, and effect handles side effects. These runes improve encapsulation and the developer experience.

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267 views6 pages

Introducing Svelte 5 - What To Expect

Svelte 5 introduces runes like state, derived, and effect to make reactivity more explicit. State marks values as reactive, derived ensures lazy recalculation of dependent values, and effect handles side effects. These runes improve encapsulation and the developer experience.

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eservceo
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Runes are a transformative addition to Svelte, representing a set of function-like symbols

that instruct the Svelte compiler on how to handle reactivity in components and now, for
the first time, in JavaScript and TypeScript modules as well. These runes will offer
developers a more straightforward and explicit way to manage reactive variables within
their code.

Svelte 5 introduces a shift in the reactivity model. The 'state' rune marks values as
reactive, which is a departure from the implicit reactivity of top-level 'let' declarations.
This change aims to make the reactivity model more explicit and predictable.

Reactivity Model
One of the most significant changes in Svelte 5 is the shift in the reactivity model. The
'state' rune marks values as reactive, a departure from the implicit reactivity of top-level
'let' declarations. This change aims to make the reactivity model more explicit and
predictable.

<script>
import { state } from 'svelte';
let count = state(0); // `state` rune makes `count` reactive
function increment() {
count.set(c => c + 1); // use `set` to update the state
}
</script>

<button on:click={increment}>
Clicks: {$count}
</button>
Svelte 5 addresses derived values with a 'derived' rune, which ensures that derived values
are recalculated lazily and kept in sync. This lazy calculation is a step towards making the
framework more type-safe and maintaining consistent behaviour across component logic.

<script>
import { state, derived } from 'svelte';

let firstName = state('John');


let lastName = state('Doe');

let fullName = derived(

firstName, lastName

,(

$firstName, $lastName

) => `${$firstName} ${$lastName}` ); </script>

<p>Full Name: {$fullName}</p>

## Handling Side Effects


The 'effect' rune in Svelte 5 offers a structured alternative to
handle side effects in response to reactive changes. It is designed
to be conservative in its execution, potentially replacing lifecycle
methods like `onMount`, which are now deprecated.
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```html
<script>
import { state, effect } from 'svelte';

let count = state(0);

// `effect` rune to handle side effects


effect(() => {
if ($count > 5) {
console.log('Count is greater than 5');
}
});
</script>

Encapsulation and Logic Reuse


Encapsulating logic into reusable functions is more manageable in Svelte 5 with the use of
runes like 'state', 'derived', and 'effect'. These runes allow logic to be encapsulated
without losing reactivity, providing developers greater flexibility.

<script>
import { state, effect } from 'svelte';

function useCounter() {
let count = state(0);

function increment() {
count.set(c => c + 1);
}

effect(() => {
console.log(`The count is: ${$count}`);
});

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browsing experience.
}; By continuing to use this
website,} you agree to our use of cookies.
const { count, increment } = useCounter();
</script>

<button on:click={increment}>
Count: {$count}
</button>

Refactoring and Encapsulation


The introduction of runes in Svelte 5 has implications for refactoring and encapsulating
component logic. The new explicit, predictable, and refactorable design facilitates better
encapsulation, improving the developer experience and making it easier to manage
reactivity.

<script>
import { state, effect } from 'svelte';

function useCounter() {
let count = state(0);

function increment() {
count.set(c => c + 1);
}

effect(() => {
console.log(`The count is: ${$count}`);
});

return { count, increment };


}

const { count, increment } = useCounter();


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</script>
website, you agree to our use of cookies.
<button on:click={increment}>
Count: {$count}
</button>

Signals and Reactivity


Svelte 5 uses a mechanism called 'signals' to handle reactivity with the 'state' rune. This
change means assignments turn into set calls, and the DOM is updated through render
effects, signalling a move away from the older reactivity model.

<script>
import { state } from 'svelte';

// Signals are created using the `state` rune


let signal = state('initial value');

// Update the signal


signal.set('new value');
</script>

Server-Side Rendering (SSR)


The 'effect' rune has implications for SSR in Svelte 5. While it appears that effects,
primarily client-side concepts, are excluded from SSR, this aspect is not entirely clear and
may need further verification once Svelte 5 is officially released.

Type Safety and Developer Experience


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<script lang="ts">
import { props } from 'svelte';

interface MyProps {
name: string;
age: number;
}

let { name, age } = props<MyProps>();


</script>

<p>Name: {$name}, Age: {$age}</p>

Nested Effects and State Management


Nesting 'effect' runes within a component allows for hierarchical management of side
effects, aligning with Svelte's principles of reactivity and maintainability.

Conclusion

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