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Chapter-2-The Failure Distribution

The document discusses four probability functions used to analyze reliability: reliability function, cumulative distribution function, probability density function, and hazard rate function. It provides examples of how to use these functions to calculate reliability, failure rate, and other metrics. It also discusses failure rate patterns over time and the use of burn-in testing.

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155 views22 pages

Chapter-2-The Failure Distribution

The document discusses four probability functions used to analyze reliability: reliability function, cumulative distribution function, probability density function, and hazard rate function. It provides examples of how to use these functions to calculate reliability, failure rate, and other metrics. It also discusses failure rate patterns over time and the use of burn-in testing.

Uploaded by

Flexiblepp
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Taibah University

College of Engineering
Industrial Engineering Department

IE-442-Engineering Reliability and


Maintainability

Chapter 2: The failure distributions


The failure distributions

This chapter develops four related probability


functions

 Reliability function
Cumulative distribution function
Probability density function
Hazard rate function

Each of these can be used to compute the reliability function


Reliability function

 Reliability is defined as the probability that the system will


function over some time period t.
 We define the continuous random variable T to be the time
to failure of the system (component), T ≥ 0
 The reliability can be expressed as
Cumulative Distribution Function F(t)

CDF: The probability that a failure will occur before time t.

CDF
Probability Density Function f(t)

• PDF: Shape of the failure distribution.

Probability Density Function


Probability distribution Function

Shape of the failure distribution


The probability that a failure
The probability that a failure

PDF: Shape of the failure distribution.


Example 2.1
• Given the following PDF for the random variable T, the time
(in operating hours) to failure of a compressor, what is the
reliability for a 100-hr operating life?

Probability
Density
Function

Solution

Probability
distribution
Function
Example 2.1

Design Life: time to failure tR that corresponds to a specified


reliability R
 To find the design life if a reliability of 0.95
Example 2.1

The probability of a failure occurring within some interval of time [a, b]


may be found using any of the three probability functions, since

From the example 2.1


Mean Time to Failure (MTTF)

MTTF: Mean or expected value of the failure distribution f(t)

And…
Median of Time to Failure: Time t med at
which R reaches 0.50
Mean Time to Failure (MTTF)…

And…
• Mode of Time to Failure: Most likely observed failure time t
mode

• Variance of time to failure


Example 2.2

• Consider the probability function


Example 2.2

• Consider the probability function


Hazard Rate Function λ(t)

• Failure Rate: Instantaneous rate of failure at time t.


Hazard Rate Function λ(t)
Other Failure Rates….

• Cumulative Failure Rate L(t): Instantaneous rate of failure


at time t

• Average Failure Rate AFR(t1, t2): Average failure rate


between times t1 and t2
The Bathtub Curve

Constant Failure Rate - CFR


Increasing Failure Rate - IFR
Decreasing Failure Rate - DFR.
Conditional Reliability (Burn-In)
• Burn-in testing is an important reliability technique that can be
used to improve the population of a product before shipping. It
relies on weeding out weak units by operating all units for a
predetermined period of time T0
• Conditional Reliability:
Conditional Reliability

• Conditional Reliability is useful in describing the reliability of


component or system following a born in period T0 or after
warranty period

• Conditional Reliability: Reliability of system given that it has


operated for a time period T0
When to do Burn-In

Burn-in testing are only suitable for DFR. i.e. when the system has a
decreasing failure rate. Example 2.9: for λ(t) = λt, an IFR for λ>0
Questions?

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