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Transformation of Graphs

The document discusses transformations of graphs involving sin, cos and tan functions. It explains vertical and horizontal stretches, shifts and combined transformations, providing examples of how each affects properties like domain, range, period and amplitude.

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29 views5 pages

Transformation of Graphs

The document discusses transformations of graphs involving sin, cos and tan functions. It explains vertical and horizontal stretches, shifts and combined transformations, providing examples of how each affects properties like domain, range, period and amplitude.

Uploaded by

.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Transformation of Graphs

1 y= aSinx, y= aCosx and y=aTanx

● This is a vertical stretch of factor a. The graph will also be reflected in the
x-axis if 𝑎 < 0
● The value of a affects the range and amplitude of Sinx and Cosx , the range
will be -a≤ 𝑦 ≤ 𝑎 and amplitude will be a.
● Example: y= 4sinx
⁰
Domain: x∈ 𝑅, Range: -4 ≤ y ≤ 4, Amplitude: 4 and Period: 360 0r 2π,

2 y= Sin(ax), y= Cos(ax) and y= Tan(ax)


1
● This a horizontal stretch of factor
𝑎
. The graph will also be reflected in the
y-axis if a<0.
● The value of a affects the period only. The periods of Sinx and Cosx will be
360 180
𝑎
and the period of tanx will be 𝑎
● Examples : 1) y= Cos(2x) Domain: x∈ 𝑅, Range: -1≤ 𝑦 ≤ 1, Amplitude: 1,
360 ⁰
and Period: 2
= 180
1 π
2) y= Tan( 3 𝑥) Domain: x∈ 𝑅 - { 2
(2n+1) where n∈ 𝑍}, Range: -∞ < y< ∞, and
180
Period: 1 =540⁰
3

3 y= Sinx +q, y= Cosx +q and y= Tanx + q

● This is a vertical shift of q units. The graph will shift downwards for q<0 and
upwards for q>0.
● The value of q affects the range only.
⁰
● Examples : 1) y= Sinx +4, Domain: x∈ 𝑅, Period: 360 , Amplitude: 1,
Range -1+4 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 1+4 ⇒ 3≤ 𝑦 ≤ 4
⁰
2) y= Cosx - 1, Domain: x∈ 𝑅, Period: 360 , Amplitude: 1
Range: -2 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 0

4 y= Sin(x +q), y= Cos(x +q), and y= Tan(x +q)

● This is a horizontal shift of q units. The graph will shift to the right for q<0 and
to the left for q>0.
● The domain, range, and period of the graphs will be the same as that of the
basic graphs (y= Sinx, y= Cosx, and y= tanx). Only x-intercepts and y-
intercepts will change.
⁰ ⁰
● Examples: 1) y= Sin(x- 40 ), The graph will shift 40 to the right.
⁰ ⁰
2) y= Tan(x + 60 ), The graph will shift 60 to the left. The
⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰
asymptotes will now be at 210 , 30 , − 150 , and − 330
5 Combined Transformations
y= aSin(px +q), y= aCos(px +q), and y= aTan(px+ q).
● Use BODMAS to describe the transformations in the correct order.
● Example

Describe the three transformations that map the graph of y= sinx to the above graph in
the correct sequence.

Solution
Horizontal stretch, factor 4, vertical stretch factor 2, and shift 3 units upwards.
⁰
NB: Period: 1440 , Range: 3 + 2 x (-1) ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 3 + 2 x 1⇒ 1≤ 𝑦 ≤ 5,
Amplitude: 2
Answer the following questions.

c)
2

3
Ex 5.4

1a, c, d, f
2a, b, c , e
3d,
4a, c

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