‫الدورة اإلستثنائية للعام‬ ‫اهتحانات الشهادة الثانىية العاهة‬ ‫وزارة التربية والتعلين العالي‬

2011 ‫ علىم عاهة‬: ‫الفرع‬ ‫الوديرية العاهة للتربية‬

‫دائرة االهتحانات‬
‫مسابقة في مادة الفيزياء‬
:‫االسن‬
‫المدة ثالث ساعات‬
:‫الرقن‬

This exam is formed of four exercises in four pages.

The use of non-programmable calculator is allowed.

First Exercise (6 points)

Interference of Light
The object of this exercise is to show how to use Young's
double slit apparatus to measure very small displacements.
A source put at a point S, emitting a monochromatic
radiation of wavelength  in air, illuminates the two slits
S1 and S2 that are separated by a distance a. The screen of
observation is placed at a distance D from the plane of the
slits.
1. Describe the aspect of the interference fringes
observed on the screen.
2. At a point M of abscissa x = OM , the optical path
difference is given by the relation:
ax
 = MS2 – MS1 =
D
a) At the point O, we observe a bright fringe, called central bright fringe. Why?
b) What condition must  satisfy in order to observe, at M, a dark fringe?
c) Give the expression of x in terms of a, D and  , so that M is the center of a bright fringe.
d) Given: λ  0.55 m ; a = 0.2 mm; D = 1.5 m ; d = 10 cm.
We take x = 1.65 cm. Are the waves interfering at M in phase or out of phase?
Justify your answer.
3. We move the source from S to point S' vertically up on the axis y'y perpendicular to the
horizontal axis of symmetry SO, by the distance b = SS'. In this case ,we can write
ab
S'S2 – S'S1 = .
d
a) The central bright fringe is no longer at O but at point O'.
i) Justify this displacement.
ii) Specify, with justification, the direction of this displacement.
b) Determine the value of b, knowing that OO' = 1cm.

Second Exercise (8 points)

Motion of a conductor in two fields
Two vertical rails CC' and DD' are connected by a resistor of resistance R.
A conducting rod MN, of mass m and length , can slide without friction along
these rails and remains horizontally in contact with these rails.

The whole set-up is placed within a uniform and horizontal magnetic field B that
is perpendicular to the plane of the rails.
The rod MN, released from rest at the instant t0 = 0, is found at an instant t at a
distance x from CD, moving with a velocity whose algebraic value is v ( v > 0)
( adjacent figure).

1
 
1. Determine, at the instant t, the expression of the magnetic flux due to B through the circuit CMND
in terms of B,  and x, taking into consideration the arbitrary positive direction as shown on the figure.
2. a) Determine the expression of:
i) The e.m.f “e” induced across the rod MN, in terms of v, B and .
ii) The induced current i in terms of R, B,  and v.
b) Indicate, with justification, the direction of the current.
B2 2 2
3. Show that the electric power dissipated by the resistor, at the instant t, is given by : Pel = v .
R
4. The rod MN is acted upon by two forces: its weight mg and the Laplace’s force F of magnitude
F = i B.
a) Applying Newton’s second law, show that the differential equation in v is given by:
dv B 2  2
 v g .
dt mR
t

b) The solution of this differential equation is: v = A(1 – e  ). Show that:
mgR mR
A = 2 2 and  = 2 2 .
B B 
c) Show that v would attain a limiting value Vlim.
d) i) Give the expression of v as a function of Vlim at the instant t = 
ii)Deduce the time at the end of which v attains practically its limiting value.
e) Calculate the value of Vlim and that of , knowing that:  = 20 cm, m = 10 g, R = 0.1 ,
B = 0.5 T and g = 10 m/s2.
5. In the steady state, starting from the instant when v = Vlim , the mechanical energy of the system

(MN in the field B , Earth) decreases.
a) Explain this decrease.
b) In what form is this energy dissipated?
c) Calculate the power dissipated.

Third Exercise (8 points)

Study of Charging and Discharging of a Capacitor
The adjacent circuit allows to study the variation of the voltage uC = uBM
across a capacitor of capacitance C during charging and discharging.
We consider a generator delivering a constant voltage E, a resistor of
resistance R1 = 25 and a coil of inductance L and of resistance r.
Initially, the switch K is in position (0) and the capacitor is uncharged. An
oscilloscope allows displaying the variation of uC as a function of time.
A – Charging of the capacitor
At the instant t0 = 0, the switch is in position (1) and the capacitor starts
charging. At an instant t, the circuit carries a current i and the capacitor
carries the charge q.
1. a) Redraw the diagram of the circuit indicating on it the
real direction of i.
b) Write down the relation between i and uC..
2. a) Derive the differential equation in uC.
b) The solution of this differential equation is of the form:

t Document 1
1
uC = A+B e .
Determine the expressions of the constants A, B and 1.

2
 c) Referring to the graph of document 1, determine:
i) The values of E and 1. Deduce that the value of C is 4F.
ii) The minimum duration at the end of which the capacitor is practically completely charged.

B – Discharging of the capacitor through a coil

K is moved from position (1) at the instant tl = 0.6 ms and becomes in position (2) at the instant
t2 = 1 ms. The document 2 shows the variation of uC between the instants 0 and 17ms.

1. The voltage uC remains constant between the instants tl and t2 .Why?

2. Starting from the instant t2 = 1 ms, the circuit is the seat of electric oscillations. Referring to the
graph of document 2, give the value of the pseudo period T of the electric oscillations.
.
3. a) Write down the expression of the proper period T0 in an LC circuit.
2
 2   2   r  R1 
2 2

b) Knowing that L = 0.156 H and         , calculate r.

 T   T0   2 L 
4. a) Determine, referring to document 2, the value of uC at the instant t = 6 ms.
b) Calculate the value of the loss in electric energy in the circuit at the end of the first
oscillation.

Fourth Exercise (8 points) Mechanical Oscillators

The parts A and B are independent. We neglect friction in all this exercise.
A- Simple pendulum
A simple pendulum (P) is formed of a particle G of mass m connected to one
end of an inextensible string, of negligible mass and of length L ; the other
extremity is connected to a fixed point A. The pendulum is shifted by an angle
θm from its equilibrium position AG0 to the position AGi, then released from
rest at the instant t0 = 0s ; thus it oscillates with the amplitude θm.
At an instant t, the position of AG is defined by θ, the angular abscissa relative
to its equilibrium position, and v is the algebraic measure of the velocity of G
(Fig.1).
Take the horizontal plane through G0 as a gravitational potential energy reference.

3
 1. Find the expression of the mechanical energy of the system [(P), Earth] in terms of m, g, L, v and θ.
2. Derive the second order differential equation in θ that governs the motion of this pendulum.
3. a) What condition must  satisfy in order to have a simple harmonic motion?
b) Deduce, in this case, the expression of the proper period T0 of the oscillations.
c) Write down the time equation of motion, in the case θm = 0.1 rad.
Take : g = 10m/s2 ; L = 1m and  2  10.

B- Horizontal elastic pendulum

A solid (S) of mass m may slide on a horizontal plane; it
is connected to a spring (R) of stiffness k = 4 N/m. When
(S) is in equilibrium, its center of mass G is found
vertically above the point O, taken as origin on the
horizontal axis of abscissa.
(S), shifted from its equilibrium position, is released
from rest at the instant t0 = 0. At an instant t, the
abscissa of G is x and the algebraic value of its
velocity is v.
A convenient apparatus gives the variation of x as a
function of time (Fig. 3).
The horizontal plane containing G is taken as a
gravitational potential energy reference.

1. Derive the second order differential equation in x

that governs the motion of G.
2. The solution of this differential equation is of the
2
form : x =Xm cos( t  ) , where Xm, T0 and  are
T0
constants .Referring to the graph of figure (3), give
the values of Xm and T0 and determine  .
3. a) Determine the expression of the proper period T0 in terms of m and k.
b) Deduce m.
4. a) Referring to the graph of figure (3), give the instants at which the elastic potential energy is
maximum.
b) Calculate then the value of the mechanical energy of the system [(S), ( R ), Earth].

C- Behavior of the pendulums on the Moon

We suppose that the two preceding pendulums are now on the Moon.
Tell, with justification, for each pendulum, which of the statements in the following table is true .

Statement 1 Statement 2 Statement 3

T0 does not vary T0 increases T0 decreases

4
 ‫الدورة اإلستثنائية للعام‬ ‫اهتحانات الشهادة الثانىية العاهة‬ ‫وزارة التربية والتعلين العالي‬
2011 ‫ علىم عاهة‬: ‫الفرع‬ ‫الوديرية العاهة للتربية‬
‫هشروع هعيار التصحيح‬ ‫دائرة االهتحانات‬

First exercise (6 points)

Part of
Answer Mark
the Q
1 Fringes are: alternating bright and dark- parallel to each other and to the ¼
slits- rectilinear- equidistant.
¼¼¼
2.a At point O,  = 0, all the waves arriving to O are in phase: we observe at
O a bright fringe. ½
2.b At point M of abscissa x, we observe a dark fringe if the path difference
λ ½
 at this point is such that: δ  (2k  1) with k an integer
2
2.c The abscissa x of the point M is obtained from the expression of the
ax kD ½
difference of path:   k = x=
D a
2.d ax 0.2 16.5 3  2.2 103 ½
 = = 2.2  10 mm.   4 , thus  is a
D 1.5 103  0.55 103
multiple integer of wavelengths: the waves that interfere at M are in ½
phase.
3.a.i If O remains the center of the central bright fringe :
' =(S'S2 + S2O) – (S'S1 + S1O) = (S'S2 – S'S1) ≠ 0
But for the C.B.F we have : ' = 0  O displaced to O'.
½

3.a.ii ' =(S'S2 + S2O') – (S'S1 + S1O') = 0  (S'S2 – S'S1) + (S2O' – S1O') = 0
 (S'S2 – S'S1) = – (S2O' – S1O') ;
(S'S2 – S'S1) > 0  (S2O' – S1O') < 0  S2O' < S1O'
 O displaced downward.
Another meth. ½
ab ax b x bD
' =  0   x=   0  The C.B.F displaced
d D d D d
downward.

3.b The central fringe on the screen corresponds to a zero path difference at
this point M:
' = SS2 + S2M – (SS1 + S1M) S’
' = (SS2 –SS1) + ( S2M – S1M)
ab ax ¾
' = + .
d D

The central fringe corresponds to ' = 0; its position is defined by: ¾

ab ax
+ =0
d D
d d 10  (1)
so: b = – x  b = x =  0.0667 cm = 0.667 mm
D D 1.5  10 2

1
Second exercise (8 points)
Part of
Answer Mark
the Q
 
1 The magnetic flux  = B . S n = – BS = – Bx. ¼ ¼
2.a.i d dx
The induced emf e = – = B = Bv. ¼ ¼
dt dt
2.a.ii e Bv
The value of the current i =
R
=
R
. ¼ ¼
2.b i > 0, then i passes from M to N in the rod. ½
3 Bv 2 B  2 2 2
The dissipated electric power: Pel = Ri2 = R( )= v . ½
R R

4.a   dP B22
mg  F  ; with F = iBL = v ¼ ¼
dt R
Project vertically downward:
mg –
B22
v=
dP
=m
dv
.
½
R dt dt
dv B22
  vg ½
dt mR
4.b dv A 
t
A 
t
B22 B22  
t
B22
= e ; e +A -A e = g.  A =g
dt   mR mR mR
½
A B22
and =A ½
 mR
mgR mR
A= 2 2
and  = 2 2
B B
4.c 
t
When t increases, the term e  tends towards zero and v tends towards A.
mgR ½
Thus Vlim = A = .
B2  2
4.d.i For t = , v = Vlim (1 – e-1) = 0.63 Vlim.
½
4.d.ii The conductor MN reaches practically its limiting speed for t = 5 = 0.5 s.
½
4.e 102 10  0.1 102  0.1
Vlim = = 1 m/s and  = = 0.1 s ¼ ¼
0.5  0.2
2 2
0.52  0.22
5.a The kinetic energy does not vary since the speed of MN remains constant
while the gravitational potential energy decreases ¼
5.b It is dissipated as Joule’s effect in the resistor. ¼
5.c
B22 2 0.5  0.2 2
2 2
P=
R
vlim =
0.1
1 = 0.1 W. ¼ ¼

2
Third exercise (8 points)
Part of
Answer Mark
the Q
A.1.a Circuit and direction of i i e-

A
+
E R1
-
qB +
¼
C
-
M

A.1.b duc
iC ½
dt
A.2.a From the law of addition of voltages: uAM = uAB + uBM  E = R1i + uC ½
du
 R 1C C  u C  E ½
dt
A.2.b 
t
1
uC = A + B e

t ½
1
At t = 0  uC = 0  A + B = 0  A = - B  uC = A – A e
t t t
du C A  1 RC  
½
 e  A 1 e 1  A  Ae 1  E ;
dt 1 1
R C ½
 A = E and 1  1  0  1  R 1C .
1
A.2.c.i (uC) = E = 6 V. ¼
For t = 1, uC = 0.63 E = 3.78 V. From the graph: 1 = 0.1 ms. ½
1 = R1C  C = 410-6 F.
¼
A.2.c.ii tmin = 51 = 0.5 ms = 510-4 s. ¼ ¼
B.1 During the passage from (1) to (2), the circuit is open and the voltage uC
does not vary and retains the value of 6 V between t1 = 0.6 ms and ½
t2 = 1 ms
B.2 T = 5 ms = 510-3 s ½
B.3.a
T0 = 2 LC . ¼
B.3.b
T0 = 2 LC  4.96 × 10-3 s, replace in the given equation to get r  23  ¼ ½
B.4.a At the instant t = 6 ms, uC = 1.25 V ½
B.4.b 1 1
C(E 2  u c2 ) = 410 (36 – 1.25 ) = 6.8910 J
-6 2 -5
W = W0 – W1 = ½ ¼
2 2

3
Fourth exercise (8 points)
Part of
Answer Mark
the Q
A.1 ME = KEk +PEg = ½ mv2 + mgL (1 – cosθ ). ¼ ½
A.2 dME g
 0  mvx' 'mgLθgsinθ  mL2θ'θ''  mgLθ'sinθ  ' ' sin   0 . ½
dt L
A.3.a  m should be < 10o.  t. ¼
A.3.b  m < 10   <10  sin  =  in rad ; in this case: the differential equation
o o
½
g
is: ' '   0
L
g g
 The proper angular frequency  0 is such that ( 0 ) 2 =   0 = . ¼
L L
2 L
The proper period is T0 =
0
= 2
g
. ¼
A.3.c
Let  =  m sin(  0 t + ) ; with  m = 0.1 rad and  0 =
g
=  rad/s ;
¼
L
at t = 0 we have:  =  m sin  =  m  sin  = 1 ¼
 
  = rad   = 0.1sin(  t+ )
2 2
¼
B.1 2 2
ME = KE + PEelastic + PEg = ½ mv + ½ kx + 0 = const. ¼
dME k
 0  mvx' 'kxv  x'' + x  0.
dt m ¼
B.2 Xm= 0.1 m ; T0= 1 s ; if t = 0, x = Xmcos  = Xm  cos  =1   =0. ¼ ¼ ¼
B.3.a 2 2 2
x = Xm cos( t  )  v = – Xm sin( t  )
T0 T0 T0
2 2 2
 x''= – Xm cos( t  ) ;
T0 T0 T0
replacing in the differential equation, we obtain: 1
2 2 2 k 2 2 k
– Xm cos( t  ) + Xm cos( t  ) = 0  = 
T0 T0 T0 m T0 T0 m
m
T0 = 2 .
k
B.3.b T0 = 1 s and k = 4 N/kg we obtain: m = 0.1 kg ½
B.4.a Epe = ½ kx , Epe is max. if │x│ is max.  x = ±0.1 m
2
¼
 at the instants 0, 0,5s, 1s, 1,5s, 2s .
¼
B.4.b
For P.Eg max, KE = 0  ME = P.Eg = ½ k(Xm)2 = 2  10 2 J. ¼ ¼ ¼
C
L
For the simple pendulum T0 = 2 ;
g ½
but gmoon < gearth = g so T0 increases. Statement (2)
m
For the elastic pendulum T0 = 2
k
; ¼
T0 does not vary on the Moon.(Statement 1)