Scribd
Upload
14 views3 pages

Day3 - OSI Model & TCP - IP Suite

The document discusses the OSI model and TCP/IP networking model. It describes the seven layers of the OSI model and the four layers of the TCP/IP model. It provides examples of protocols and functions that operate at each layer.

Uploaded by

ozy.almondry2021
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
14 views3 pages

Day3 - OSI Model & TCP - IP Suite

The document discusses the OSI model and TCP/IP networking model. It describes the seven layers of the OSI model and the four layers of the TCP/IP model. It provides examples of protocols and functions that operate at each layer.

Uploaded by

ozy.almondry2021
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

#OSI Model & TCPIP Suite

- Networking models categorize and provide a structure for networking protocols and
standards.
- OSI means 'Open Systems Interconnection' model
- OSI is a conectual model that categorizes and standardizes the different function
in a network.
- Created by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
-----------------------------------------------------
#OSI Network functions are divided into 7 'Layers' & is encapsulated as follow:

Layer 7: Application
*Closest to the end user.
*Interacts with software applications (e.g., web browsers like Brave,
Firefox, Chrome).
*Functions include identifying communication partners and synchronizing
communication.

Layer 6: Presentation
*Data in the application layer is in its native 'application format'.
*Requires translation to a different format for network transmission.
*Responsible for translating between application and network formats.
*Examples include encryption of outgoing data and decryption of
incoming data.

Layer 5: Session
*Controls dialogues (sessions) between communicating hosts.
*Establishes, manages, and terminates connections between local and
remote applications (e.g., web browser and YouTube).

Layer 4: Transport
*Segments and reassembles data for communication between end hosts.
*Breaks large data into smaller segments for efficient transmission and
error handling.
*Facilitates host-to-host communication.

Layer 3: Network
*Provides connectivity between end hosts on different networks (e.g.,
LANs).
*Offers logical addressing (IP addresses) and path selection between
source and destination.
*Routers operate at Layer 3.

Layer 2: Data Link


*Ensures node-to-node connectivity and data transfer.
*Defines data formatting for transmission over physical media (e.g.,
copper UTP cables).
*Detects and may correct errors from the Physical Layer.
*Utilizes Layer 2 addressing distinct from Layer 3.
*Switches operate at Layer 2.

Layer 1: Physical
*Specifies standards for cables and interfaces.
*Defines physical characteristics of the medium used for data transfer
between devices.
*Includes voltage levels, maximum transmission distances, connectors,
cable specifications, etc.
*Converts digital bits into electrical signals for wired connections or
radio signals for wireless connections.
*All details in Day 2's video (cables, pin layouts, etc.) relate to the
Physical Layer.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------
#TCP/IP Suite

• Conceptual model and set of communications protocols used in the Internet and
other networks.

• Known as TCP/IP because those are two of the foundational protocols in the suite.

• Developed by the United States Department of Defense through DARPA (Defense


Advanced Research Projects Agency)

• Similar structure to the OSI Model, but with fewer layers.

• This is the model actually in use in modern networks.

• NOTE: The OSI model still influences how network engineers think and talk about
networks.

-----------------------------------
OSI vs TCP/IP

Layer 4: Application
*Corresponds to Layers 7, 6, and 5 of the OSI model.
*Handles application-level protocols and user interfaces.
*Examples include HTTP, FTP, SMTP, and DNS.

Layer 3: Transport
*Corresponds to Layer 4 of the OSI model.
*Manages end-to-end communication, ensuring data integrity and
reliability.
*Protocols include TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and UDP (User
Datagram Protocol).

Layer 2: Internet
*Corresponds to Layer 3 of the OSI model.
*Handles addressing, routing, and packet forwarding.
*Protocol: IP (Internet Protocol).

Layer 1: Network Interface


*Corresponds to Layers 1 and 2 of the OSI model.
*Concerned with physical transmission of data and access to the
physical medium.
*Includes protocols for Ethernet, Wi-Fi, and other networking
technologies.

-----------------------------------
Q/A

Q1.HTTP data sent from a YouTube web server is displayed via your web browser. This
is an example of what?

a) Adjacent-layer interaction

b) Same-layer interaction (Answer)


c) Encapsulation

d) De-encapsulation

Explanation:

- Same-layer interaction refers to interaction between the same layer on different


hosts, in this case, the application layer of YouTube's web server and the browser
on your PC.
The concept of same-layer interaction allows you to 'ignore' the other layers
involved and focus on interactions between a single layer on different devices.

- Interaction between the different OSI layers on the same device is called [...]
interaction.
- adjacent-layer

You might also like