‭ROUTINE URINALYSIS‬

‭ UBF‬
A
‭BS Med. Lab Science‬

‭(CHEMICAL EXAMINATION)‬

‭ friends with 3 unknown: HAna, Exton, Heller, Robert, Benedict they Fehl to NyLanders and many Moore‬
5
‭Heller and Robert are strong‬
‭Moore Caramel‬
‭Ex - irreversible‬

‭8 Chemical Test‬ ‭Principle‬ ‭Positive‬ ‭Negative‬

‭No cloudiness‬

‭Protein is denatured by‬‭heat‬

‭and precipitated‬
‭Heat and Acetic acid Test‬ ‭Cloudiness‬
‭formation of‬‭soluble‬‭acid and‬ ‭( presence of‬‭protein‬‭)‬
‭alkali‬‭albuminates‬

‭precipitation of‬‭phosphates‬

‭Exton`s Test or Sulfosalicylic‬ ‭ ulfosalicylic‬‭acid‬

S
‭Acid Test‬ ‭precipitates protein‬ ‭Cloudiness‬
‭irreversibly‬‭.‬ ‭(‬‭albumin‬‭is present)‬

‭No white ring‬

‭No proteins‬
‭White ring‬
‭ eller’s test‬
H ‭denaturation‬‭of those proteins‬ ‭( presence of‬‭proteins‬‭)‬
‭(‬‭denaturation of strong acid)‬ ‭by the addition of‬‭strong‬
‭acids‬

‭METHODS USED FOR‬

‭CLASSIFICAT‬‭Gabriel, Andrea Joyce P.‬
‭ROUTINE URINALYSIS‬
‭ UBF‬
A
‭BS Med. Lab Science‬

‭Trace - barely‬‭perceptible‬‭ring‬ ‭No ring at point of contact‬

‭against black bg‬
‭Positive (+) - ring is‬‭distinct‬
‭Robert’s test‬ ‭Precipitation‬‭of protein by‬ ‭(++) - ring is‬‭definite‬
‭(‭P
‬ recipitation strong acid)‬ ‭strong acid‬ ‭(+++) - ring is‬‭heavy‬
‭(++++) - ring is‬‭thick‬

‭Brick red‬‭ppt.‬ ‭Blue‬

‭High reducing‬‭sugar‬ ‭No reducing sugar‬
‭Benedict’s test‬ ‭Precipitation of cuprous‬ ‭( > 2g%)‬
‭(citrate)‬ ‭hydroxide is‬‭prevented with‬
‭citrate‬

‭Precipitation of cuprous‬ ‭Red‬ ‭Blue‬

‭ ehling’s test‬
F ‭hydroxide is prevented by the‬ ‭(Presence of Aldehydes)‬ ‭(Presence of Ketones)‬
‭(potassium sodium‬‭tartrate)‬ ‭addition of potassium‬
‭sodium‬‭tartrate‬‭.‬

‭Nylander’s test‬ ‭glucose reduces‬‭bismuth‬‭salts‬ ‭Black ( sugar)‬ ‭No change in color‬

‭(bismuth)‬ ‭to metallic bismuth.‬ ‭Brown (‬‭trace‬‭of sugar)‬

‭Moore Heller’s test‬ ‭Caramelization‬‭of glucose by‬ ‭1-2% gives a‬‭wine‬‭yellow‬ ‭1% or less of sugar yields a‬
‭(Caramelization)‬ ‭strong alkali with the aid of‬ ‭ -3% gives a‬‭cherry‬‭color‬
2 ‭canary‬‭yellow‬‭color‬
‭heat.‬ ‭3-4% gives a‬‭rum‬‭color‬
‭> 4% gives a‬‭dark‬‭brown‬‭or‬
‭black color‬

‭OTHER SUGARS‬

‭ B‬‭(Seliwanoff’s, Borchardt’s) → OTHER SUGARS‬

S
‭Rubner’s → LACTOSE‬

‭TEST FOR OTHER SUGARS‬ ‭Principle‬ ‭Positive‬ ‭Negative‬

‭Seliwanoff’s test‬ ‭heated with concentrated HCl,‬ ‭Bright red color ( Alcohol)‬
‭fructose forms‬‭oxy methyl‬ ‭Red & black ( fructose)‬
‭furfural‬‭which gives a red‬
‭color with‬‭resorcin‬‭.‬

‭METHODS USED FOR‬

‭CLASSIFICAT‬‭Gabriel, Andrea Joyce P.‬
‭ROUTINE URINALYSIS‬
‭ UBF‬
A
‭BS Med. Lab Science‬

‭Borchardt’s test‬ ‭(Same with Seliwanoff’s test)‬ ‭yellow ethereal layer‬

‭heated with concentrated‬‭HCl‬‭,‬ ‭(‭f‬ ructose‬‭)‬
‭fructose forms‬‭oxy methyl‬
‭furfural‬‭which gives a red‬
‭color with‬‭resorcin‬‭.‬

‭TEST FOR LACTOSE‬ ‭Principle‬ ‭Positive‬ ‭Negative‬

‭Rubner’s test‬ ‭ ead acetate and heated in the‬

L ‭Brick-red‬‭( lactose)‬
‭presence of‬‭ammonia‬‭, lactose‬ ‭Cherry-red‬‭(copper-colored‬
‭gives a red color‬ ‭precipitate)‬
‭Colorless‬‭(supernatant fluid)‬

‭SPECIAL URINARY TEST‬

‭ACETONE AND DIACETIC ACID/ACETOACETIC ACID‬

‭LGG‬‭→ ACETONE‬

‭ACETONE AND DIACETIC‬ ‭Principle‬ ‭Positive‬ ‭Negative‬

‭ CID/ACETOACETIC ACID‬
A

‭purple or violet-red color‬

‭(‬‭acetone‬‭)‬
‭Red (‬‭Alcohol / acetic‬
‭aldehyde / diacetic acid‬‭)‬
‭The -NO group, sodium‬
‭nitroprusside, acetone, and‬
‭Legal’s Test‬ ‭acetoacetic acid form‬‭iso‬
‭nitroacetone‬‭which remains‬
‭trapped in the complex‬‭anion‬‭.‬

‭METHODS USED FOR‬

‭CLASSIFICAT‬‭Gabriel, Andrea Joyce P.‬
‭ROUTINE URINALYSIS‬
‭ UBF‬
A
‭BS Med. Lab Science‬

‭Gunning’s Test‬ ‭Reaction between‬‭acetone‬

‭ odies and‬‭alcoholic‬‭iodine‬
b ‭Yellowish (Iodoform crystals)‬
‭resulting in the production of‬ ‭six-pointed stars / six-sided‬
‭iodoform‬‭crystals.‬ ‭plates‬

‭Not appear heating and‬

‭cooling‬
‭Absence of acetoacetic acid‬
‭Gerhardt’s Test‬ ‭Urine:‬‭Bordeaux red‬ ‭Color disappears: acetoacetic‬ ‭Presence of salicylates‬
‭acid‬

‭TESTS FOR BILE:‬

‭ ILE PIGMENT: GREEN / EMERALD GREEN‬
B
‭HARRISON SMITH → BILE‬

‭BILE TEST‬ ‭Principle‬ ‭Positive‬ ‭Negative‬

‭oxidation of bile pigments‬

‭formation of a series of colored‬
‭Smith’s Test‬ ‭derivatives of bilirubin‬ ‭emerald green ring‬‭(presence‬
‭(‭b
‬ iliverdin‬‭(green),‬ ‭of bile pigment)‬
‭bilicyanine‬‭(blue), and‬
‭choletellin‬‭(yellow) with‬
‭bilirubin‬‭as the most‬
‭important of all)‬

‭Harrison’s Spot Test‬ ‭blue to green color‬

‭METHODS USED FOR‬

‭CLASSIFICAT‬‭Gabriel, Andrea Joyce P.‬
‭ROUTINE URINALYSIS‬
‭ UBF‬
A
‭BS Med. Lab Science‬

‭TESTS FOR OCCULT BLOOD‬

‭OCCULT BLOOD‬ ‭Principle‬ ‭Positive‬ ‭Negative‬

‭blue to green color‬

‭Benzidine Test‬
‭B → G‬

‭Guiac Test‬ ‭blue ring (‬‭blood‬‭)‬

‭B only‬

‭TESTS FOR INDICAN‬

‭INDICAN‬ ‭Principle‬ ‭Positive‬ ‭Negative‬

‭blue coloration of the‬

‭Obermayer’s test‬ ‭chloroform‬‭(‬‭Indican‬‭)‬

‭Jaffe’s method‬ ‭blue (‬‭Indican‬‭)‬

‭OTHER TESTS‬

‭TEST FOR:‬ ‭Positive‬ ‭Negative‬

‭Sulkowitch method‬ ‭CALCIUM‬

‭Fantus method‬ ‭CHLORIDE‬ ‭ white‬‭cloudy‬‭precipitate‬

A
‭indicates the presence of‬
‭chloride‬‭.‬

‭METHODS USED FOR‬

‭CLASSIFICAT‬‭Gabriel, Andrea Joyce P.‬