Criterion A: Knowing and understanding

Question 1.
A group of MYP 4 students wrote a list of different types of waves.
- gamma (γ)
- infra-red
- radio
- sound
- ultra-violet
- visible
- X-rays
i. Identify which one of the above waves is: (Ai)
a. the only one which is not part of the electromagnetic spectrum.
b. makes us feel warm when the Sun shines.
c. doctors use it to detect broken bones.

ii. Bats use the reflection of high-pitched sound waves to determine the position of its
prey. The source-1 below shows a bat and an insect flying in front of the bat.

(Source-1: Image citation: http://bodyadaptation.weebly.com/echolocation.html)

a. The bat emits a sound wave with a frequency of 25.0 kHz and a wavelength of
0.0136 metres. Calculate the speed of this sound wave. (Ai)
b. X-rays and ultrasound can both be used for scanning internal organs. Ultrasound
is used to scan unborn babies, not X-rays. Explain the scientific reason.
(Aii)
Answer:
i. a. Sound
b. infrared
c. X-rays
Ii. a. 340 (m/s)
(allow 1 mark for correct substitution i.e. 25 000 × 0.0136 provided no subsequent
step or allow 1 mark for a correct calculation showing an incorrect value from
conversion to hertz × 0.0136 an answer of 0.34 gains 1 mark)
b. Ultrasound is not ionising allow ultrasound does not harm the (unborn) baby 1 but

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X-rays are ionising 1 so X-rays increase the health risk to the (unborn) baby accept
specific examples of health risks, e.g. cancer, stunted growth, impaired brain function
etc X-rays are dangerous is insufficient

Question 2.
The source-2 given below shows a person using a device called a jetpack. Water is
forced downwards from the jetpack and produces an upward force on the person

Source-2 (Image citation: https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/8947/how-does-the-water-jet-pack-work)

i. Outline the condition necessary for the person to remain stationary in mid-air.
(Aii)
ii. The person weighs 700 N and the jetpack weighs 140 N. Calculate the
combined mass of the person and the jetpack. Gravitational field strength =
10 Nkg-1. (Ai)
iii. Increasing the upward force to 1850 N causes the person to accelerate
upwards. Calculate the acceleration of the person and the jetpack. (Ai)
Answer: i. resultant force = zero or upward force = downward force
(accept forces are balanced accept weight for downward force)
(ii) 84 kg
(Force= 700 +140= 840 N, F=mg, m= F/m => 840/10 => 84 kg)
(allow 2 level for correct substitution i.e. 840 = m × 10)
(iii) acceleration= Force/ mass, a=1010/84
a=12 ms-2 accept 12.02 ms-2 (correctly calculated a resultant force, F= 1850-840 =1010
(N) gains 4 level

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Question-3

Source-3

i. Initially, scientists thought that the Universe never changed. Now there is evidence
to show that stars progress through various stages and that the universe is
expanding. Refer to Figure 1 in source-3 given which shows some lines in the
spectrum of light from a nearby galaxy. One of the lines is marked X. (Aiii)
Line X will be in a different position in the spectrum of light from a much more
distant galaxy. Label a line on the diagram to show a possible new position for line X
in the spectrum from a much more distant galaxy. Analyze and Justify the reason for
marking the line there.

ii. Refer to Figure-2 and Calculate orbital speed of Moon and Hubble’s telescope. Write
the final answer in kmhr-1. (Ai)

Answer: i. New line should be drawn towards 700 nm (Red shift concept needs to be
applied)
ii. Orbital speed= 2pi r/ t
Orbital speed of Moon= (2 x 3.14 x 385000)/ 27x24 => 2417800/648 = 3731.17 kmhr-1
Orbital speed of Hubble= 2x3.14x560/ 1.6 => 3375680/ 1.6 = 2109800 kmhr-1
(conversion of days and minutes into hours is required.)

Question 4:
The source-4 shows a solar powered device being used to recharge a mobile phone.

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 Source-4
(Image citation: https://bit.ly/3Hrh6T0)

(i) On average, the solar cells produce 0.6 J of electrical energy each second.
The solar cells have an efficiency of 0.15. Calculate the average energy input
each second to the device. (Ai)
(ii) The electricity used in homes in the UK is normally generated in a power
station based on fossil fuel. Outline any two advantages of using solar cells
to generate this electricity over fossil fuels. (Aii)

Answer: i. Output energy = 0.6 J, Efficiency = 0.15

Input energy=? => 0.6/0.15 => 4J. (2 level)
ii. (any 2 advantages)
- Solar power is pollution-free and causes no greenhouse gases to be emitted after installation
- Reduced dependence on foreign oil and fossil fuels
- Renewable clean power that is available every day of the year, even cloudy days produce some power
- Return on investment unlike paying for utility bills

Criterion B: Inquiring and Designing

Question 5.

A group of MYP 4 students while going on an educational trip to NISE (National Institute
of Solar Energy) observed that they use panels of solar cells to generate electricity. The
size of the solar panel exposed to sunlight affects the energy received from the Sunlight
which in consequence is responsible for the electricity produced by the solar panel.
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They discussed the effect of change in the size of a solar panel with the absorption of
solar energy, and further transformation of this solar energy into electrical energy.
Refer to the source-5 given below to understand the scenario.

Source- 5
Image citation: https://www.literoflightusa.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Are-all-solar-panels-the-same-size.png

a. Explain a problem question for the above investigation. (Bi)

b. Formulate a testable hypothesis and explain it using scientific reasoning. B(ii)
c. Identify variables in situations provided with their justification and
manipulation. B(iii)
Variable Identification Justification Manipulation
Independent
Dependent

Controlled

d) Design a logical, complete and safe method that the students may use. You must
mention B(iv)
i) appropriate equipment
ii) procedure
iii) Data collection table
iv) Safety measures (any 2)

Answer:
1-2 3-4 5-6 7-8
a. Problem Stated the Stated the Explained the Explained the
question problem question problem problem question problem question
with at least one question with with scientific with the logical
variable clearly both variables reasoning and real life connect
indicated. (IV/ clearly one real life and correctly
DV) indicated. (IV application. mentioned IV and
and DV) DV.

b. hypothesis Correct Correct Correct If the size of the

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 relationship relationship relationship solar panel is
between IV and between IV between IV and increasing then
DV mentioned and DV DV mentioned electrical energy
without the mentioned with the output generated
statement of with the explanation of will also be
scientific statement of scientific increasing
reasoning. scientific reasoning. because the
reasoning. increase in the
size will increase
the absorption of
sunlight to
convert it into
electrical energy
in unit time.

c. Variables Correctly Correctly Correctly

identified IV as identified IV as identified and
size of solar size of solar manipulated IV as
panel, DV as panel, DV as size of solar
electrical energy electrical panel, DV as
energy, electrical energy,
CV Amount of CV Amount of
sunlight rays, sunlight rays,
position of position of solar
solar panel. panel.

d. Equipments Any 2 relevant At least 4

equipment listed. relevant
Measuring scale, equipment
multimeter/ listed
voltmeter/
ammeter, soalr
panel,
procedure Relevant 2-3 3-4 steps of All steps of
steps written performing performing the
the experiment
experiment written with data
written. collection
information

Data table IV, DV with units IV, DV with

mentioned at the units
top with at least 2 mentioned at
readings for IV the top with at
and 1 value for least 5
DV readings and 3
trials with
average

Safety measures Only 1 safety 2 safety

measure stated measures
stated with
valid reason

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 Criterion C: Processing and Evaluating
Question 6.
Analyze the graph carefully and answer the following questions.

Source-6
Image citation: https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=37372

i. Based on the above graphical data, label the appropriate heading with x and y axis variables
labelling with the units. C(i)
ii. One student’s hypothesis is, “ More the size of a solar panel less will be the electrical energy
generated”. Evaluate the validity of a hypothesis given by the student based on the
graphical data given above. C(iii)
iii. Evaluate the validity of the method given above based on the outcome of a scientific
investigation. C(iv)
iv. Suggest an extension to the above investigation. Write down the research question for the
extension given. C(v)

Answer:
i. X axis: size of solar panel (m2). Y axis: electrical energy (J)
Title: size of solar panel vs electrical energy graph
ii. Invalid. Give valid reason form the graph.
iii. Valid reason with appropriate strengths and limitations mentioned.
iv. Extension: amount of sunlight exposure. Etc

Criteria D: Reflecting on the impact of sciences

Question 7.
You are an MYP 4 student and learnt about Imaging in Semester-2. You have already studied
and done detailed research on the uses of Mirror/Lenses in different domains of life. After your
research you want to share your research knowledge by writing an essay for PSG Weekly
Newsletter to share your understanding of the Optical technology in different spheres of life
In you essay you may consider any one application from the areas given below where imaging
systems are used in real life.
1. Medical imaging
- Dentist, ENT specialists

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2. Remote sensing is the process of detecting and monitoring the physical characteristics of an
area by measuring its reflected and emitted radiation at a distance
- Passive sensing of reflected sunlight
- Radar sensing for meteorology, or of the Earth’s surface
- Remote sensing to follow land use change
3. Imaging in art or journalism
- Optical cameras (maybe with a focus on one type of lens or filter)/
- Infrared imaging in painting conservation
4. Astrophysics (NASA, ESA)
- Reflecting telescopes, land or space-based
- Infrared astronomical images
- X Ray astronomy
- Gravitational wave detection (not exactly “imaging”)
5. Security/public services
- Thermal cameras used in firefighting
- Airport security scanning
- Iris scanning

Source-7
(Image citation: Image collage made by Vandana)

You are supposed to use your knowledge gained through the topics covered in semester 2 and
write an Essay of 700-1200 words describing the use of optic technology for the application you
chose by using appropriate scientific language to support your answer.

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i. Describe how the uses of mirrors and lenses are applied to address a specific problem.
(Di)
ii. Discuss and Evaluate how this imaging system interacts with ethical, social, economic,
political, cultural or environmental implications. Consider any 2 implications with positive and
negative points. (Dii,iii)
iii. Write concluding appraisal.
Level 1-2 3-4 5-6 7-8

(i) identifying At least 2 relevant At least 2 At least 3 At least 3 -4

the use of uses of mirror or relevant uses relevant relevant uses of
mirror/ lenses lenses listed of mirror or uses of mirror or lenses
explaining lenses stated mirror or explained with the
scientific lenses scientific
explanation explained justification

(ii) Discuss Any one implication Any two All three All three
and evaluate with one positive implications implication implication with
the and negative with one with one one positive and
implications points positive and positive and negative points
negative negative and complete
points points comparative
appraisal
conclusion
(iii) Complete
Concluding statement of
appraisal conclusion given

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