FS 2: Field Study 2 – Experiencing the Teaching Learning Process

September 11, 2023 # 3 – Prelims

STUDENT TEACHING PROGRAM

Like any other profession, teaching requires an extended period of specialized pre-service preparation and
eventual licensing before a student teacher is authorized to become a full pledge teacher.
 Most important part/activity in the Education Course.
 It will put you on the Actual Classroom Set Up wherein you will discover, realize, and learn a lot.
It is in student teaching that the student applies principles, theories, precepts, methods, information, skills,
attitudes, and values that he has gleaned for almost four years of schooling.
 It’s time to put into practice the theories, principles, approaches, and techniques that we learned.
It is also in practice teaching that the student shows if he is ready to go out into the field.
The primary concern of Practice/Student Teaching is the training of prospective teachers who will
professionally and socially meet the standards that will enhance their position in the classroom, on the campus
and in the community where they will ultimately work and live.

Student teachers will work with the “Seasoned Teacher” to hone their skills of Instructional and Classroom
Management. Student Teacher will be guided by the Expert Teachers in order to properly practice, learn,
discover, and become an expert.
Seasoned Teacher
 Spent years in the Education Department/Field
 Expert Teacher with a lot of Experience
 Well experienced Teachers
 They will guide us on how to manage the classroom and hone our skills on becoming a effective and
quality teacher in the making.
Apprentice Teacher
 practicing workers
 trainees
 helpers

SOME AUTHORS OF WRITING MATERIALS WHO EXPRESSED THEIR THOUGHTS ABOUT

STUDENT TEACHING:
1. Lugos (1985) reports that the program of student teaching is a component of the teacher curriculum designed
to meet the needs of the would-be teacher in understanding the fundamentals of the teaching- learning process,
the problems of actual teaching and the process of directing learning.
 Recall what we have learned.
 Preparing the future educators
2. Bustos et al (1982) affirms that internship of student teacher provides an anchor between theory and practice
for it gives the student teacher the opportunity to synthesize all that has learned and to translate them into
professional skills.
3. Rivera and Sembrano (1980) assert that effective student teaching is the rewarding result of a guided
transition from theory to practice. He likewise underscores that the success of the student teacher in his future
career will depend to a great extent upon how well the cooperating teachers have trained him to teach
effectively.
4. Viray (1980) observes that the internship of student teaching program for prospective teachers is a boon to
the public school system. According to him, interns are given insights into real day to day situations in the
public schools. From laboratory school where they are trained, they go to the actual academic field to further
acquaint themselves with the realities of school life.
 Reminder on what we should expect in the realities of Teaching.

SETTING FOR STUDENT TEACHING

 Public schools and private schools as the settings for student teaching.
 The rule of the Cooperating Teacher (CT) becomes vital in achieving a successful student teaching
experience. The inspiration and guidance they extend to the student teachers can be factors for
achieving enthusiasm for success in teaching.
 Only teachers who possess qualities needed for developing and maintaining good personal relations and
skills in student teaching are given the challenging task raining student teachers to assume responsibility.

GOALS AND OBJECTIVES OF PRACTICE TEACHING

 CHED Memo Order No.11, Series 1999 with revised policies and standard for TE and CHED Memo
No.30, Series 2004
 Now, the recent newly revised CHED Curriculum is MEMO Order No.75, Series 2017
UNDER THE CHED MEMO ORDER NO.11, SERIES 1999 AND CHED MEMO NO.30, SERIES 2004
Objectives of Practice of Teaching:
1. To provide opportunities for the student teacher to apply in actual situations, the theories, principles,
strategies, and techniques learned in professional education courses. What are these theories we learned in the
classroom shared by a teacher:
Educational Learning Theories
 Cognitive Learning Theory
 Behaviorism Learning Theory.
 Constructivism Learning Theory.
 Humanism Learning Theory.
 Connectivism Learning Theory
 Transformative Learning Theory.
 Social Learning Theory
 Experiential Learning Theory.
2. To provide the prospective teacher with experiences that will equip him with different competencies needed
for effective teaching.
3. To develop the student teacher's personality as a future professional teacher
4. To deepen and enrich the insights of the future teacher on the teaching-learning situations and the evaluation
measures for these situations.
5. To provide the student teacher with the opportunity to get oriented with the total school life.
6. To provide the student teacher with the opportunities to promote school community relations.
7. To give the future teacher experiences to be in direct contact with the pupils
8. To enable the prospective teacher to form a philosophy relevant to the teaching profession and to develop a
professional attitude and sound ideals.
9. To help the student teacher gain perspective of the role of a teacher.
10. To provide student teachers with experience in discovering new ways of working on new needs, new
principles, and new information.

5 MAIN EDUCATIONAL LEARNING THEORIES

1. Cognitive
2. Behaviorism
3. Constructivism
4. Humanism
5. Connectivism

5 IMPORTANT PRINCIPLES OF TEACHING

1. Student Engagement
One of the most important things that teachers have to keep in mind is to ensure student engagement. It is not
enough to talk about things in the textbook, it is necessary to ensure that the students are involved and
understand the concept. Student engagement is difficult to tackle. Kids tend to lose focus and get distracted
easily, teachers have to come up with techniques and strategies to ensure that it doesn't happen. Engaging
students in the process is essential to ensure the learning is effective. Activities for students will help to increase
student engagement. Student engagement will increase critical thinking skills and promote meaningful learning.
How do you engage your learners?
 You have to tell them the very purpose of your lesson? What will it do for them?
 Involve them, introduce to them they are supposed to learn, give them some information so that they
understand, and they have the idea on what they are supposed to learn
 Make them understand the concepts and theories that they will encounter
 We really need strategies to engage our students. Most effective engagement – introductive activities
 Playing a game, a game that is related to the topic
 Asking questions some provoking questions
 Let them perform their skills and capabilities (you have to let them learn thru their skills)
2. Innovative Methods & Inclusion of Technology
Education is an ever-evolving sector. There are countless numbers of changes happening every day and it is
important to be adaptable and include these changes into the lesson plan and curriculum to make sure that the
students get the maximum benefit from the innovations around them. Animation, augmented reality, online
learning resources, there are a lot of things that technology' has to offer. The advancement in technology and
education, technology in particular, has been massive over the past few years. Being resistant to changes is not
an option for teachers and hence, bring inclusive, in terms of technology and otherwise.
Teachers nowadays should not be satisfied with what they know, there is always room for improvement and
always remember that knowledge is power. They should not be satisfied with what they know about the use of
technology.
There is a concern with the use of technology when it comes to the teachers, there are researches that resulted
“old teachers find it very difficult for them to adjust to this new world technology in education BUT that is not
an excuse because as a teacher, whatever age you are it is a must for you to adapt to the advancement of the
technology because as you grow older and as times goes by there are other technological advancement that will
come and arise. What’s important is you are being able to cope up with the situation, with the current trend not
only in our locality but widening our horizon also. Our goal should be, in order to produce globally competitive
learners, we should also be globally competitive teachers. We should prepare ourselves in the global
competition in terms of technological use.
In department of education, every year they are trying to see what particular needs our teachers have, one of the
biggest challenge every year is the increase of the use of technology in teaching. It is a challenge because the
advancement of technology is not stopping, its continuously improving.
If we don’t teach the student about the present, then we are robbing them of their future. We, ourselves should
be technology savvy, learned about the technology so that we can pass it to our students.

3. Assessment of Learning
Assessment is an important part of teaching. As a teacher, you have to understand where your students stand in
terms of the subject and concept knowledge. Assessment of learning is also called a summative assessment. It is
a process that tests the understanding of students and based on the test, they are either promoted to the next
grade or are given positions.
For example, the final semester exam is a summative assessment that decides whether the student can go to the
next semester and who has got the rank one and likewise. The teachers have the responsibility of assessing their
students both summatively and formatively.
A. Assessment FOR Learning (Assessment PARA sa pagkatuto)

ANSWER - Assessment plays a major role in how students learn, their motivation to learn, and how teachers
teach. Assessment is used for various purposes. Assessment for Learning is an assessment where it helps
teachers gain insight into what students understand in order to plan and guide instruction and provide helpful
feedback to students. For example, when a teacher is asking questions then that is her way in trying to gauge her
students in order for the teacher to assess her students. The teacher is trying to assess what is the current
state of the students, what they already know, what they don’t know and what to give emphasis in order
to address the needs of the students. In assessment of learning the teacher is trying to know the strength
and weaknesses of the students so that the teacher will know what to address and what to give to her
students.

B. Assessment AS Learning (Assessment BILANG pagkatuto)

ANSWER - This is where students develop an awareness of how they learn and use that awareness to adjust and
advance their learning, taking an increased responsibility for their learning. The assessment as learning is for
students. As the saying goes by, the learner is the one responsible for his/her learning not the teacher and
truly agree to that because I believe even the most intelligent teacher and the best teacher, if the learner is
not willing to learn and not ready to learn then the acquisition of learning will not happen. That’s why
there is Assessment as Learning in order for the student to assess herself. Am I learning? What do I need
to adjust? What effort will I make to be able to learn effectively? Do I need to self-study? Do I need to
read in advance? You are trying to assess yourself so that you know where and what are your weaknesses
so that you can address it by taking extra time and making effort for you to learn. Learning cannot be
taught. It can only be learned. If you want it, then make an effort to do it. This assessment AS learning is
like a self-reflection or self-assessment in which you will be assessing yourself on the knowledge you already
have.

C. Assessment OF learning

ANSWER: This is where assessment informs students, teachers, and parents, as well as the broader educational
community, of achievement at a certain point in time in order to celebrate success, plan interventions and
support continued progress. We do assessment of learning to be aware of the achievement of the student or
there is a need for intervention. If you passed, then celebrate. Give reward to yourself because you
deserve that. If you failed, then plan an intervention. We do assessment of learning for us to provide
intervention if intervention is needed. It can either reward or remedial. Assessment for, as and of learning
all have a role to play in supporting and improving student learning and must be appropriately balanced. It is
important that the teaching learning process is to be partnered with an assessment. The assessment will
determine the effectiveness and the efficiency of the teaching learning process. It will measure the
effectiveness of the teacher and it will measure the progress of the student.

4. Grading
In addition to assessments, the teachers have to grade their students. This is not just based on the exams but on
their overall performance in the class and how they have been responding to questions and discussions in the
class. Grading the students is important because based on the grading and the analysis of the students the
approach of teaching has to be altered. Each kid is different and grading them will help to understand where to
place them.
As they say, students are the one doing and making their grades simply because they are the one performing,
teachers are just the secretary but make sure that the grades that you compute are based on the performance of
the student. The teacher has the sole duty regarding the academic marks of the students. Written in the code of
ethics of the professional teacher that, more than anyone, the teacher is the only one who knows the grades of
the students because he/she is only the one who evaluates and assesses her/his students. The teacher has to give
the right grades based on the performance, output, quizzes, and any score that they acquire on the activities and
exams. As always, when you are a teacher, you have to consider a lot of things especially when it comes to
grading the students. We don’t just merely give them grades, there is a process before we come up with the
grades that we give to them. We give assessment before we compute their grades. The numbers have no sense if
there is no interpretation. Raw scores mean nothing unless there is interpretation. When it comes to grading, we
make use of statistics. When we talk of statistics, we are talking of data. Each data has a certain characteristic,
and it has an interpretation. You have to interpret it so that it will make sense. “Ang bawat KWENTA ay may
KWENTO”. There is a story behind the numbers and therefore that story will lead you to other decisions so that
you improve the teaching learning process to achieve your learning objectives. Statistics will give us the story
behind it because we give analyze and interpret the data.

5. Communication
Communicating with students will help teachers understand them better. Every kid’s learning style is different,
and communication will help teachers to understand their students better. When it comes to communication, a
lot of t lungs can go wrong. When the teacher assumes an authoritative role and the communication becomes
one way, there's not much learning involved. Neither for the student nor the teacher.
A classroom must be d platform for two-way communication and a teacher must listen to what her students are
feeling. Communication need not always be verbal; the teacher has to pick up non-verbal cues and that’s where
the real teaching skills of a tutor get tested. It is important for teachers to have strong verbal and non-verbal.

SOME TEACHING STRATEGIES (Christine Persaud)

Instructional Strategies
It refers to the technique instructors use to deliver their lessons. Effective instructional strategies help students
become actively involved in the learning process. When done right, instructional strategies also support students
in reaching their learning objectives.
Types of Instructional strategies
There are far too many types of instructional strategies to catalog in one place. And there’s no single, specific
way to group them together. While the categories below are by no means exhaustive, instructional strategies
often fall under general groupings. These include:
 active learning,
 assessment based,
 group-based,
 advanced strategies,
 organizational (or classroom management),
 tiered
TEACHING APPROACHES AND STRATEGIES (SALANDANAN,2006).
There are Several Approaches in teaching such as:
1. Constructivist teaching approach
2. Discovery Approach
3. Conceptual Approach
4. Process Approach
5. Inquiry approach
6. Integrative Approach
7. Communicative Approach

METHODS OF TEACHING
1. Deductive method
2. Inductive method
3. Demonstration method
4. Problem-solving
5. Project method
6. Collaborative Learning

GENERAL STEPS IN THE DIFFERENT TEACHING APPROACHES

1. Preparation. This step includes motivation, review of past lessons for apperception purposes, and the
presentation of the problems or subject matter to be learned.
2. Presentation of Specific facts. The facts to be presented must have a common element or are related in some
way.

CODE OF ETHICS FOR PROFESSIONAL TEACHERS

RESOLUTION NO. 435 SERIES OF 1997
Pursuant to the provisions of Paragraph (e), Article II, of RA No. 7836, otherwise known as the Philippines
Teachers Professionalization Act of 1994 and Paragraph (a), Section 6, P.D. No. 223, as amended, the Board of
Professional teachers hereby adopts and promulgates the following Code of ethics for Professional Teachers.

PREAMBLE
Teachers are duly licensed professionals who possess dignity and reputation with high moral values as well as
technical and professional competence. In the practice of their noble profession, they strictly adhere to, observe
and practice this set of ethical and moral principles, standard and values.