Volume 9, Issue 5, May – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24MAY423

Development of Wi-Fi based Moving Target Tracking

System for Precise Shooting
Dr. G. Prasad Acharya M.Chandrika
Associate Professor B.tech - IVth Year Student, ECE Department
Sreenidhi Institute of Science and Technology (SNIST) Sreenidhi Institute of Science and Technology (SNIST)
Hyderabad, Telangana, India. Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

R. Abhilash S. Pradeep
B.tech - IVth Year Student, ECE Department B.tech - IVth Year Student, ECE Department
Sreenidhi Institute of Science and Technology (SNIST) Sreenidhi Institute of Science and Technology (SNIST)
Hyderabad, Telangana, India. Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

Abstract:- In modern times where analysis of foot traffic them. It is therefore essential to enhance the shooting
is essential for effective resources management and abilities for our troops. A Wi-Fi-based moving target hit
security, moving target systems that use Wi-Fi-based counter can be achieved through various innovative
movement counter offers an innovation solution. This systems[1]. One approach involves utilizing Wi-Fi for
paper summarizes the fundamental idea, the moving target tracking and monitoring, enabling real-time
methodology as well as the potential uses of the system. tracking and selective transmission of image data[2].
The proposed system makes use of the widespread Another method involves implementing a moving target
characteristic of Wi-Fi networks to detect and track the tracking system using Wi-Fi, where the system comprises a
movement of moving targets within a given area. With a target tracking robot and a remote server for stable tracking
thorough analysis of Wi-Fi signals generated by tablets, within a Wi-Fi network coverage range[3]. These systems
smartphones or any other wireless-enabled device demonstrate the diverse applications of Wi-Fi technology in
carried by people, the proposed system is capable of tracking, monitoring, and security functions. The proposed
accurately counting and recording the movements of system overcomes the shortcomings of the current system
individuals in real-time. The system operates passively and focuses on the need to enhance shooting abilities to
by eliminating the requirement for sensors or manually various types of persons such as police officers, soldiers,
counting. Furthermore, it captures live data, which hunting as well as sporting enthusiasts. Additionally, a Wi-
allows rapid making of decisions regarding security, Fi-enabled moving POS machine can incorporate functions
crowd management and resource allocation. Potential like dish ordering, card swiping, and interphone capabilities,
possibilities for applications of the wireless moving simplifying operations and enhancing convenience[4].
target counter are diverse. For retail environments they Particularly, the issue that is addressed is the manual
can help enhance the store's layout and personnel evaluation of the shooting ability by visiting the shooting
according to peak times for traffic as well as popular target following exercises. The creation of an automated
pathways. Moving target counters that use Wi-Fi moving target system specifically designed to solve this
provides a high-end yet easy option for precise and issue is examined. This mechanism aims to track the impact
instant pedestrian analysis. The potential for it to of a bullet, send the data via Wi-Fi based monitoring and
transform the management of crowds and improve improve shooting abilities through the application of a
security across a variety of settings is a powerful device movable target mechanism. Furthermore, a keystroke
for today's environments. recognition system called WiKey utilizes Wi-Fi signals to
analyze keystroke interference, improving accuracy in
Keywords:- Arduino; Hit Counter; Moving Target; Relays; inferring user inputs for security purposes[5]. Additionally,
Wi-Fi; Target Shooting Mechanism. the paper highlights its importance as a technology in
coaching and military situations, where wireless recording
I. INTRODUCTION of shots can help improve the training process and evaluate.

The tradition of shooting target with firearms was first II. LITERATURE SURVEY
discovered more than a century ago, and during that time,
this was essential in order to enhance the ability to shoot and During the Middle Ages and early modern times,
kill enemies or wild animals. Particularly many countries round wooden targets were commonly used for firing rifles.
provide perfect training with modern equipment for their American frontiersmen utilized pieces of wood with painted
soldiers. The training of soldiers in shooting with moving marks as targets. In the 19th century, long-range rifle
targets enhances the abilities of a soldier. In a general battle shooting incorporated iron targets that produced audible
field, enemies run here and there, and the solders must aim clangs upon impact[6]. However, the development of

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Volume 9, Issue 5, May – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24MAY423

Electronic Scoring Testing(EST) began in 197, they became switch is activated, the normally open contact gets closed,
mandatory for Olympic and international shooting and a logic zero is rised for the controller chip.
competitions since 1990.An accurate scoring system is
crucial in modern pistol and rifle competitions to ensure The mechanical movement of the container is restricted
participants receive all their earned marks[7]. Shooting is a through the limit switch, which is interfaced with the
sport which offers tremendous competition and popularity, controller as an input signal. This limit switch has a long
while its fast and effortless scoring process plays a pivotal lever, and when a small amount of force is applied to the
role in increasing its popularity among participants, coaches, long lever, the switch will turn on automatically. If the
fans and viewers. lower-level container is in its home position, this switch
remains in the activated condition. In this paper, the Arduino
The article "On the Mark" aims to assist junior Nano is used to read inputs from the Condenser Microphone
officials, competition officials, coaches and parents alike and gives output by turning the motor ON. The Arduino
with understanding of modern scoring strategies. This article Nano in our project is programmed using the Arduino IDE.
further addresses scoring concerns, while emphasizing the In this project, we wrote a program that reads the sensor
necessity of conveying results of competitions in an input, processes the data, and then controls the LED by
engaging and stimulating manner to keep shooting exciting displaying the counter number. The main functionality of the
and competitive with other forms of sports participation. L293D board in our project is to drive two small DC motors
Rifle or pistol competitions typically employ three distinct in two directions. This board can interface not one, but two
scoring strategies for contests: manual scoring, and DC motors. The L293D has two built-in H-bridge driver
electronically scoring. Manual scoring has long been used circuits, which help in driving our motors in two different
and it involves people using tools such as templates, scoring directions simultaneously, i.e., both forward and backward.
gauges and magnifying scoring templates (such as Eagle The Wi-Fi module used in our project enables the soldier to
Eye)[8]. They rely on their eyesight. Manual scoring allows display the hit counter on the mobile phone, laptop, or any
players to exchange scorecards or assess each other's goals other electronic device. We used the ESP8266 Wi-Fi module,
before having their targets scored by volunteers who often which gives access to the microcontroller to get connected to
score manually. While manual scoring may be cheaper and Wi-Fi.
simpler than its electronic equivalents, its inaccuracy makes
manual scoring slower and vulnerable to inconsistencies IV. DESIGN IMPLEMENTATION
more prone than its digital equivalents.
In this paper, condenser microphone is used which
Today's professional shooters use Automated Moving picks up the sound, when a bullet hits the moving target. As
Targets (AMT) to hone their craft further and expand their mentioned in the block description the sound signal is
repertoire. Certain targets move horizontally or vertically at converted into electrical signal. The property of this is the
high speed; others zigzag back and forth across an arena so sound energy is transformed into electrical variations. In the
shooters must target these accurately to improve. This work condenser microphone, a parallel plate air condenser consists
presents a miniature model of horizontally moving and one plate of the condenser is rigidly fixed and the other
targets[9]. If a shot hits one, a signal processing device is arranged near to it, is a steel diaphragm of 0.002 inch
equipped with microphone receives and amplifies its sound thick, stretched nearly to its elastic limit (so that its resonant
signal; furthermore, receiving devices can be placed near frequency is very high) on a steel ring. The distance of the air
shooting point to observe for coach or shooter gap between the two plates is approximately 0.001 inch. The
conveyance[10]. fixed plate has groves along its surface to provide adequate
damping. When the sound waves are incident on the
III. PROPOSED METHODOLOGY diaphragm, it begins to vibrate, thus decreasing or increasing
the distance between the two plates forming the condenser
The electrical signal from the condenser microphone is and consequently its capacity changes. This electrical signal,
fed into the inverting input (-) of an op-amp configured as a which is in audio frequency range acts as a modulating
voltage comparator. A reference voltage(V_ref) is given signal. The output of the MIC amplifier is fed into the digital
connection to the non-inverting input (+) of the op-amp. The converter.
op-amp compares the input voltage from the microphone
(V_in) to reference voltage (V_ref).If the input voltage The output of the microphone should be high compared
(V_in) from the microphone is greater than the reference to the self-generated and thermal noise The general
voltage (V_ref), the op-amp's output will be at its positive requirements are as follows for the microphone we use in our
saturation voltage, indicating a bullet hit. If not, it indicates project: The response of the microphone is not dependent on
no bullet hit. In this project, the limit switch has a long lever the frequency The body or shape of the microphone is such
and is intended to limit the mechanical transmission at a that the frequency response does not depend on the angle of
particular prescribed position. On activating the switch, the occurrence of sound waves The microphone is free of
contact gets closed, and a logic zero signal is generated for harmonics The output should be high in comparison with the
the microcontroller. The mechanical section is designed with self-generated or thermal noise The mechanical construction
a limit switch, where one end of the switch is shorted to the is set such that it can withstand handling in service
power supply ground. It is a single-pole, double-throw
(SPDT) switch. The open contact is selected, so when the

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Volume 9, Issue 5, May – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24MAY423

The condenser microphone output is connected to the switch is incorporated within the mechanical transmission
pre-amplifier. Condenser microphone is very sensitive MIC portion, with one end of the switch connected to the ground
so that it can picks up very low-level sound signals also of the power supply. This switch is an SPDT (single-pole,
accurately and converts the sound signals into electrical double-throw) switch. Since the open contact is chosen, a
signals. The electrical signals produced by the microphone logic zero is produced for the controller chip when the switch
are fed to MIC amplifier, which amplifies the signal. This is is actuated, closing the normally open contact.
an audio amplifier and the output of this amplifier is fed into
the digital converter. In this block an op-amp is used to give The current module uses a 16-bit LCD, meaning that a
the digital data into the controller. The op-amp is also called message can include a maximum of 16 characters at once.
as a comparator. It is so called because it compares the two The text length can be increased in the future by using LCDs
input signals and gives high or low signal i.e., digital with 32 bits or more. This block's LCD panel interfaced with
information or data. The amplified electrical signals from the the microcontroller via the output port. This LCD module has
MIC amplifier will be in analog voltages, which are not read 16 characters by 2 lines, and its availability will determine
by the micro controller. So the comparator will be giving the which LCD panel is used. Panels with three or four lines can
digital data that is easily read by the controller. So here an be utilized for this, allowing for the display of additional
LM 324 IC is used which is called as Quad Op-Amp. The information. These panels have the ability to show
micro controller does not recognize the analog voltage so the characters, numbers, and graphics. Two internal byte-wide
inputs are given in the digital format i.e., high (1) or low (0). registers are present in the display: one is used for commands
In order to derive the digital information that is recognized (RS=0) and the other is used for characters that will be
by the controller, here we use a digital converter. It is nothing shown (RS=1). It also has a user-programmed RAM section
but an Op-Amp, which has two inputs and a single output. called the character RAM, which can be used to create any
Here an LM 324 IC is used which has four Op-Amps kind of character by utilizing a dot matrix.
internally. In the two inputs, one will be the inverting pin and
the other is the non-inverting pin. So in the circuit, at the The twin H-bridge motor driver IC utilized in this
inverting pin reference voltage is set, and the output coming project is the L293D. "The L293D is a 4-channel, high
from the MIC amplifier is given connection to the Op-Amp’s voltage, high current, monolithic integrated driver." Two DC
non-inverting pin. Using a potential divider network sets the motors are supported by the L293D. The motor voltage is on
reference voltage. Now the input voltage at the non-inverting pin 8, and the chip's +5 voltage is on pin 16. Therefore, we
pin will be compared with the reference voltage and the may interface two clockwise and counterclockwise-
output is given by the Op-Amp in digital format i.e., high or controlled DC motors with a single integrated circuit (IC). If
low. And thus the obtained digital information is fed to the the motor has a fixed direction of motion, we can use all four
controller. Whenever the input voltage is equal or greater I/Os to connect to four DC motors. Pins 3 and 6 are
than the reference voltage the output of the Op-Amp connected to the first motor. Sending a high signal to pin 1
becomes high. So when the bullet hits the target the (enable) and either pin 2 or pin 7 (one of the two direction
controller receives a logic high signal, which is to be pins) turns on the motor. The enable pin must be high and
transmitted to the field area. pins 2 and 7 must be low in order to stop the motor. Peak
output current per channel for the L293D is 1.2A, with an
An open-source bread board built on the Microchip output current of 600mA.
ATMEGA 328P is called the Arduino Nano. The Arduino
Nano has 30 male I/O headers. The panel can be powered by Additionally, the IC contains output diodes to protect
a 9 V battery or a type-B mini-USB cable. Arduino Nano has the circuit from reverse electromagnetic fields. Because of its
a a microcontroller having three times the RAM is the wide range (4.5V to 36V) output supply (VCC2), the L293D
ATmega4809. The software for Arduino has a serial monitor is the ideal option for a DC motor driver.
that makes it possible to send and receive basic text data
between the Arduino on board. When data is being
communicated through the FTDI, the LEDs on the board
flash chip and USB links to the PC (but not for pin 0 and
serial transmission Any of the digital pins on the Nano can
be used for serial communication thanks to a Software Serial
library. In addition, the ATmega328 facilitates SPI and I2C
connectivity. The Wire library is part of the Arduino
software, which makes using the I2C bus easier. The
Arduino Nano is designed such that software on a connected
computer can reset it, eliminating the requirement for a
physical reset button push prior to an upload. One of the
hardware flow control lines (DTR) of the FT232RL is
connected to the reset line of the ATmega328 via a 100 nano
farad capacitor. When this line is asserted (taken low), the
reset line lowers sufficiently to reset the microprocessor. In
this project, the limit switch is turned on, the contact closes, Fig. 1. Wi-Fi based Moving Target Tracking System for
and the microcontroller receives a logic zero signal. A limit Precise Shooting

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Volume 9, Issue 5, May – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24MAY423

V. EXPERIMENT RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

The work being presented in this paper is compared with some notable works in the literature and the same has been
summarized.

Fig. 2. Target Hit Count Value Shown in the Figure

Table 1.Reference Paper Patents

Communication Cons
Reference no. Major Contribution Technology Pros
US 2018/ 0005048 A1 A traffic-counting system and method that LTE, 2G, 3G, 4G, Accuracy High Cost
[11] utilizes computer vision technology to 5G
automate the process, provide accurate and
real-time traffic data.
US 11,536,544 B1[12] Sound waves more intensity which can LoRa technology Low-Power Latency
cover target distance Consumption

US 2022/0099414 The development of a reactive target NA Immediate Complexity

A1[13] system that provides immediate feedback feedback
to shooters during training exercises

US A innovative scoring system for archery Wireless RF Electronic Data- Limited

2014/0151965 A1[14] that enables electronic detection of scores, connection Processing Information
real-time data evaluation
This work Wi-Fi technology is used to detect the Wi-Fi Accuracy, low Distance
target which are hit to the movable target. cost, Immediate
feedback,
Electronic Data
Processing

VI. CONCLUSION AND SCOPE FOR FUTURE software (code) that we define in the controller is the only
WORK thing that affects the machine's performance. The technology
used here is solely for developing the prototype module;
The “Development of Wi-Fi based Moving Target more development is required to turn it into a functional
Tracking System for Precise Shooting ” has been discussed system. The invention's mechanism allows for fast score
in this paper. A prototype model is built for the displays—up to one second—as well as the ability to display
demonstration, and the findings are judged to be the individual's score at the score display. Consequently,
satisfactorily. Only one target is designed at remote place, following every shot, it is feasible to assess the true standing
but in practical many targets can be designed with individual of the arched in the tournament.
transmitters and all the transmitters can be tuned to a single
receiver. For identifying the target is hit a condenser MIC is ACKNOWLEDGMENT
placed over the target. And when the target is hit the sound
signals are converted into electrical signals that are amplified This acknowledgement is to express our deep sense of
and fed to the controller in digital format and will be gratitude to our guide Dr. G. Prasad Acharya thanks to sir for
displayed in the LCD. Preparing the software to carry out the his valuable support throughout the project.
duties based on the inputs is the main and crucial duty. The

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Volume 9, Issue 5, May – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24MAY423

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