EE 280 e_Lecture 8 3-Phase Induction Motors
3-Phase Induction
Motors
References
Electrical Engineering Principles and Applications By
Allan R. Hambly, Prentice-Hall
Electric Machinery Fundamentals By Stephen J.
Chapman, McGraw-Hill
An Introduction to Electrical Machines & Drives By
George McPherson, Robert D. Laramore, John Wiley
& Sons.
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Uses
Applications requiring 5HP or more
For example,
Fans
Pumps
Compressors
Grinders
Other industrial applications
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Stator Poles
North poles (magnetic flux lines leave the stator)
South poles (magnetic flux lines enter the stator)
Poles always occur in pairs. ( a set of North-South pairs)
Total number of poles (P) is always even.
2, 4, 6, 8 or more poles are possible.
Note 1 (Stator Field):
Learn the magnetic flux pattern of a 2-pole motor (from north to south,
then along the core of the stator). Then, compare that to the flux
pattern of a 4-pole motor. Note the sequence of poles (N,S, N, S along
the circumference of the stator).
Rotor
Air gap
Fig. 1
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Stator Windings
Usually Copper wires, embedded in slots
Slots run lengthwise inside of the stator.
3 machine has one such winding/phase.
In practice, many turns per phase are distributed around the circumference
s.t. air gap flux is sinusoidal with .
Fig. 2: Single turn winding (phase 'a' only).
Note 2: Magnetic field is created around a current carrying conductor.
Diagram shows just one wire (phase 'a') of a 2-pole, 3 phase winding.
This wire runs along a slot (a) in the inner surface of the stator and
returns through another slot (a'). Two slots are 180 degrees apart in
space. Note that the stator core is cylindrical and wires run in and out
lengthwise.
Note 2 (End View): From the Right Hand Rule, the direction of flux
lines is from right to left. Therefore, North pole is on the right and the
South pole is on the left of the stator.
Current
Into the page
. Out of the page
Fig. 2
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2-pole, 3 winding:
- Order of the windings is anticlockwise along the circumference: acbacb .
a
c b a
a
Fig. 3 b To 3
b Supply
b c
c
c
a
Where are the North and South poles?
Note 4: Fig. 3 shows the complete 2-pole, 3 phase winding. Note that
aa', bb', cc' corresponds to the three wires of three phases. Each pair
of phases (aa' and bb', etc.) are 120 degrees apart in space. In this
example, only one turn of each phase (wire) is shown but there can be
many turns per phase.
4-pole 3 winding:
--Same winding pattern repeats twice along the 360 degree circumference:
i.e. acbacbacbacb
--Suffixes 1 and 2 can distinguish two sequences (in Fig. 4).
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Fig. 4
Note 5: Fig. 4 shows a 4-pole, 3 phase winding. Note that a1a1'a2a2'
is the same phase wire. The slots of a1 and a1' are separated by only
90 degrees just as those of a2 and a2'. The pattern of the 2-pole
winding occurs twice over 360 degrees.
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Fig.5: Stator windings in the inner surface
Note 6: Fig. 5 shows a 4-pole winding if the stator core is
cut-open. Note how a given wire of a certain phase (i.e. b)
runs from front to back and returns to front via the back
panel. The corresponding identities of the two segments of
the wire are b1b1'b2b2' .
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