Program 7: Write a program to demonstrate the use of user defines and built-

in functions.

Solution:
# User-defined function to calculate the square of a number

calculate_square <- function(x) {

square <- x^2

return(square)

# Built-in function to calculate the square root of a number

number <- 25

square_root <- sqrt(number)

# Call the user-defined function

result <- calculate_square(square_root)

# Display the results

cat("Square root of", number, "is", square_root, "\n")

cat("Square of", square_root, "is", result)

Output:
Program 8: Write a program to demonstrate comparison of data using various
charts.

Solution:
category <- c("A", "B", "C", "D", "E")

value1 <- c(10, 20, 30, 40, 50)

value2 <- c(15, 25, 35, 45, 55)

# Bar chart

barplot(value1, names.arg = category, main = "Comparison using Bar Chart", xlab = "Category",
ylab = "Value", col = "blue")

# Line chart

plot(value1, type = "o", main = "Comparison using Line Chart", xlab = "Category", ylab =
"Value", col = "red", ylim = c(0, max(value1, value2)))

lines(value2, type = "o", col = "blue")

# Scatter plot

plot(value1, value2, main = "Comparison using Scatter Plot", xlab = "Value 1", ylab = "Value 2",
col = "green")

# Pie chart

pie(value1, labels = category, main = "Comparison using Pie Chart", col =

rainbow(length(category)))

# Box plot

boxplot(value1, value2, names = c("Value 1", "Value 2"), main = "Comparison using Box Plot",
ylab = "Value")

# Histogram

par(mfrow = c(1, 2))

hist(value1, main = "Histogram of Value 1", xlab = "Value", col = "orange")

hist(value2, main = "Histogram of Value 2", xlab = "Value", col = "purple")

Output:
Program 9: Write a program to design pie chart and bubble plot.

Solution:
categories <- c("Category 1", "Category 2", "Category 3", "Category 4")

values <- c(30, 20, 15, 35)

# Pie chart

pie(values, labels = categories, main = "Pie Chart")

# bubble plot data

x <- c(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)

y <- c(10, 20, 30, 40, 50)

size <- c(5, 10, 15, 20, 25)

labels <- c("Point 1", "Point 2", "Point 3", "Point 4", "Point 5")

# Bubble plot

plot(x, y, pch = 21, bg = "blue", cex = size, main = "Bubble Plot")

text(x, y, labels = labels, pos = 3)

Output:
Program 10: Write a program to access and use package for chart plotting.

Solution:
# install.packages("ggplot2")

# install.packages("colorspace")

# Load the required packages

library(colorspace)

library(ggplot2)

# Create a sample dataset

data <- data.frame(

x = c(1, 2, 3, 4, 5),

y = c(10, 15, 7, 12, 8)

# Create a basic scatter plot using ggplot2

ggplot(data, aes(x = x, y = y)) +

geom_point() +

labs(title = "Scatter Plot", x = "X-axis", y = "Y-axis")

Output:
Program 6: Write a program to find standard deviation of data.

Solution:
data <- c(10, 20, 30, 40, 50)

# Calculate standard deviation using built-in function

sd_builtin <- sd(data)

# User-defined function to calculate standard deviation

calculate_sd <- function(x) {

mean_value <- mean(x)

diff_squared <- (x - mean_value)^2

variance <- sum(diff_squared) / length(x)

sd_value <- sqrt(variance)

return(sd_value)

# Calculate standard deviation using user-defined function

sd_user_defined <- calculate_sd(data)

cat("Standard deviation using built-in function:", sd_builtin, "\n")

cat("Standard deviation using user-defined function:", sd_user_defined)

Output:
Program 1: Write a program to find the prime number.
Solution:-

Find_Prime_No <- function(n1) {

if (n1 == 2) {
return(TRUE)
}
if (n1 <= 1) {
return(FALSE)
}
for (i in 2:(n1-1)) {
if (n1 %% i == 0) {
return(FALSE)
}
}
return(TRUE)
}

numb_1 <- 13

if (Find_Prime_No(numb_1)) {
# Using paste function to include the number in the output
print(paste(numb_1, "is a prime number"))
} else {
print("It is not a prime number")
}

Output:
[1] "13 is a prime number"
Program 2: write a program to find prime numbers between 1 to 100.
Solution:
prime_numbers <- function(n) {
if (n >= 1) {
x = seq(2, n)
prime_nums = c()
for (i in seq(2, n)) {
if (any(x == i)) {
prime_nums = c(prime_nums, i)
x = c(x[(x %% i) != 0], i)
}
}
return(prime_nums)
}
else
{
stop("Input number should be at least 2.")
}
}
prime_numbers(100)

output:
[1] 2 3 5 7 11 13 17 19 23 29 31 37 41 43 47 53 59
61 67 71 73 79 83 89 97
Program 3: Write a program of amstrong number.
Solution:
# Function to check for an Armstrong number
is_armstrong_number <- function(number) {
num <- number
num_of_digits <- nchar(num)
sum_of_digits <- 0

while (num > 0) {

digit <- num %% 10
sum_of_digits <- sum_of_digits + digit^num_of_digits
num <- num %/% 10
}

return(sum_of_digits == number)
}

# Example usage
number_to_check <- 153
if (is_armstrong_number(number_to_check)) {
cat(number_to_check, "is an Armstrong number.")
} else {
cat(number_to_check, "is not an Armstrong number.")
}
Output:
153 is an Armstrong number.
Program 5: Write a program to find average, sum,mean of given
numbers.
Solution:
# Input the numbers

numbers <- readline("Enter the numbers (separated by spaces): ")

numbers <- strsplit(numbers, " ")[[1]]

numbers <- as.numeric(numbers)

# Calculate the sum

sum <- sum(numbers)

# Calculate the average

average <- sum / length(numbers)

# Calculate the mean

mean <- mean(numbers)

# Print the results

cat("Sum:", sum, "\n")

cat("Average:", average, "\n")

cat("Mean:", mean, "\n")

Output:
Program 4:Write a program to reverse the numbers.
Solution:
#include<stdio.h>

void main(){

int Num,rev_Num=0,remainder,a;

printf("Enter the number to reverse: ");

scanf("%d",&Num);

a=Num;

for(;Num>0;){

remainder=Num%10;

rev_Num=rev_Num*10+remainder;

Num=Num/10;

printf("Reverse of %d is %d",a,rev_Num);

Output:-

Enter the number to reverse:654

Reverse of 654 is 456.