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Basic Linux Commands

The document discusses 15 basic Linux commands for everyday use such as ls, cd, pwd, cp, mv, rm, mkdir, touch, cat, nano, chmod, chown, ps and top. It also provides details on different ways to create a file in Linux using commands like touch, echo, cat, nano, vi/vim and > operator.

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nitin saraswat
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33 views

Basic Linux Commands

The document discusses 15 basic Linux commands for everyday use such as ls, cd, pwd, cp, mv, rm, mkdir, touch, cat, nano, chmod, chown, ps and top. It also provides details on different ways to create a file in Linux using commands like touch, echo, cat, nano, vi/vim and > operator.

Uploaded by

nitin saraswat
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Here are 15 basic Linux commands that are essential for everyday use:

1. **`ls`**: Lists directory contents.

ls

2. **`cd`**: Changes the current directory.

cd /path/to/directory

3. **`pwd`**: Prints the current working directory.

pwd

4. **`cp`**: Copies files or directories.

cp source_file destination_file

5. **`mv`**: Moves or renames files or directories.

mv old_name new_name

6. **`rm`**: Removes files or directories.

rm file_name

7. **`mkdir`**: Creates a new directory.

mkdir new_directory

8. **`rmdir`**: Removes an empty directory.

rmdir directory_name

9. **`touch`**: Creates an empty file or updates the timestamp of an existing file.

touch file_name

10. **`cat`**: Concatenates and displays the content of files.

cat file_name

11. **`nano`**: Opens the nano text editor to edit files.

nano file_name

12. **`chmod`**: Changes file permissions.

chmod 755 file_name


13. **`chown`**: Changes file owner and group.

chown user:group file_name

14. **`ps`**: Displays information about running processes.

ps aux

15. **`top`**: Displays real-time system information including running processes.

top

These commands form the basis for navigating and manipulating files, directories, and
system processes in a Linux environment.

Creating a file in Unix can be done using several different commands, depending on
your needs. Here are a few common methods:

1. **Using the `touch` command**: This creates an empty file or updates the timestamp
of an existing file.

touch filename

2. **Using the `echo` command**: This can create a file with some initial content.

echo "Initial content" > filename

3. **Using the `cat` command**: This allows you to type content into a file.

cat > filename

After entering the above command, type your content and then press `Ctrl+D` to
save and exit.

4. **Using the `nano` command**: This opens the nano text editor to create and edit a
file.

nano filename

After entering your content, press `Ctrl+O` to write out (save) the file, then `Ctrl+X`
to exit nano.

5. **Using the `vi` or `vim` command**: This opens the vi or vim text editor to create
and edit a file.

vi filename

Once in vi, press `i` to enter insert mode, type your content, then press `Esc` to exit
insert mode. Type `:wq` and press Enter to write (save) the file and quit vi.
6. **Using the `>` operator**: This creates an empty file.

> filename

Each method has its own advantages, whether you need an empty file, want to add
some initial content, or prefer to edit the file interactively.

script

echo "Hello, World!"

# User input script

echo "Enter your name:"

read NAME

echo "Hello, $NAME!"

# Loop script

for i in {1..5}; do

echo "Iteration $i"

done

# Simple calculator script

echo "Enter first number:"

read num1

echo "Enter second number:"

read num2
echo "Choose operation: + - * /"

read operation

case $operation in

+) result=$((num1 + num2)) ;;

-) result=$((num1 - num2)) ;;

*) result=$((num1 * num2)) ;;

/) result=$((num1 / num2)) ;;

*) echo "Invalid operation" ;;

esac

echo "Result: $result"

Running the Scripts

Save the script to a file, e.g., script.sh.

Make the script executable:

chmod +x script.sh

Run the script:

./script.sh

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