A

Project Report
on





Prepared by:- Guidedby:-
Jani Mrunali (090570111051) Asst. ProI. Niranjan Agravat
Dave Krupali (090570111053) (E.C. Dept.)
Gadoya Tanvi (090570111074)
Electronics & communication
Engineering Department

,7,/
LuuCA1lCn lCunuA1lCn'S
CLC8AL LLA8lnC LA1lC8M
Marwadi Education Ioundation`s group oI institutions,
Campus address
Rajkot-Morbi Highway,At:Gauridad , Tal & dist. Rajkot ,Pin:360003
Web: www.marwadieducation.edu.in

M4kw4ul uuc41lON lOuNu41lON5 6kOuP Ol lN51l1u1lON5

l4cuL1Y Ol N6lNklN6
Lc1kONlc5 cOMMuNlc41lON

,7,/
LuuCA1lCn lCunuA1lCn'S
CLC8AL LLA8lnC LA1lC8M
#%%
This is to certify that Ms.Mrunali jani of B.E.
semester 3
rd
, Roll No. 090570111051 , Branch
.E.C. has satisfactorily completed her practical
work for Electronic Work shop in the academic
year 2010-11.

Daic of Sulmission.


Siaff In CIargc Hcad Of Dcarimcni
Assi.Prof.N.F.Agravai Assi.Prof.F.D.McIia
M4kw4ul uuc41lON lOuNu41lON5 6kOuP Ol lN51l1u1lON5
l4cuL1Y Ol N6lNklN6
Lc1kONlc5 cOMMuNlc41lON

,7,/
LuuCA1lCn lCunuA1lCn'S
CLC8AL LLA8lnC LA1lC8M
#%%
This is to certify that Ms. Krupali Dave of B.E.
semester 3
rd
, Roll No. 090570111053 , Branch
.E.C. has satisfactorily completed her practical
work for Electronic Work shop in the academic
year 2010-11.

Daic of Sulmission.

Siaff In CIargc Hcad Of Dcarimcni
Asst.ProI.N.R.Agravat Asst.ProI.R.D.Mehta


M4kw4ul uuc41lON lOuNu41lON5 6kOuP Ol lN51l1u1lON5
l4cuL1Y Ol N6lNklN6
Lc1kONlc5 cOMMuNlc41lON

,7,/
LuuCA1lCn lCunuA1lCn'S
CLC8AL LLA8lnC LA1lC8M
#%%
This is to certify that Ms. Dhwani Bhatt of B.E.
semester 3
rd
, Roll No. 090570111014 , Branch
.E.C. has satisfactorily completed her practical
work for Electronic Work shop in the academic
year 2010-11.
Date of Submission.

Staff In Charge Head Of Department
Assi.Prof.N.F.Agravai Assi.Prof.F.D.McIia


.nowledgement




Sincere thanks to our professor Niranfan Agravat without
whose support this profect would have remained an on paper
theory for us.We are also grateful to Marwadi Education
Foundation for providing us the required platform.







4bstroct

A pyroelectric is a device 1ire alarm is used to detect the
presence of fire. An automatic fire alarm is used to detect the
unwanted presence of fire by monitoring environmental changes
associated with combustion. Usually it is used to notify people to
evacuate, to take necessary action in the event of a fire. The entire
circuit has two sectionsthe sensor and the power supply section.
Wall or floor mounted solenoids or electromagnets controlled by a
fire alarm system or detection component that magnetically secures
spring-loaded self-closing smoke tight doors in the open position.
Designed to de-magneti:e to allow automatic closure of the door on
command from the fire control or upon failure of the power source,
interconnection or controlling element. Stored energy in the form of a
spring or gravity can then close the door to restrict the passage of
smoke from one space to another in an effort to maintain a tenable
atmosphere on either side of the door during evacuation and
firefighting efforts.






INDEX

CPA1L8
nC
CPA1L8
1l1LL
ACL
nC

INTFODUCTION

CIFCUIT DIACFAM
3
3
LAYOUT DIACFAM
4
4
LIST OF COMPONENTS
5
5
PFOJECT EXECUTION
4
6
ADVANTACES &
DISADVANTACES

7
APPLICATIONS

8
CONCLUSION

9
FEFEFENCES

IST OF FIGURES
FICUFE NO. FICUFE
TITLE
PACE NO.






















lntroduction to project

llg 1llre Alarm
In simple words a 1ire alarm is used to detect the presence of fire. An automatic fire alarm
is used to detect the unwanted presence of fire by monitoring environmental changes
associated with combustion. Usually it is used to notify people to evacuate, to take necessary
action in the event of a fire. The circuit described here is very sensitive. The entire circuit has
two sectionsthe sensor and the power supply section. Wall or floor mounted solenoids or
electromagnets controlled by a fire alarm system or detection component that magnetically
secures spring-loaded self-closing smoke tight doors in the open position. Designed to de-
magneti:e to allow automatic closure of the door on command from the fire control or upon
failure of the power source, interconnection or controlling element. Stored energy in the form
of a spring or gravity can then close the door to restrict the passage of smoke from one space
to another in an effort to maintain a tenable atmosphere on either side of the door during
evacuation and firefighting efforts.
Features

Safety lights to provide illumination during an alarm.

Silence buttons that will quiet the alarm for a few minutes at a time. Detectors with this
feature are commonly placed in kitchens.
Intercommunication of hardwired smoke detectors that guarantees if one alarm in the
house goes off, they all go off. Even if the fire is detected in the basement, people upstairs will
hear an alarm.

istory

llg 2 A llrlng Alarm ConLrol anel


The first practical fire alarm system utili:ing the telegraph system was developed
by Dr. William Channing and Moses G. Farmer in 1852
[1]
. Two years later, they applied for
a patent for their "Electromagnetic Fire Alarm Telegraph for Cities". In 1855, John
Gamewell of South Carolina purchased regional rights to market the fire alarm telegraph,
later obtaining the patents and full rights to the system in 1859. John F. Kennard bought the
patents from the government after they were sei:ed after the Civil War, returned them to
Gamewell, and formed a partnership, Kennard and Co., in 1867 to manufacture the alarm
systems. The Gamewell Fire Alarm Telegraph Co. was later formed in 1879. Gamewell
systems were installed in 250 cities by 1886 and 500 cities in 1890. By 1910, Gamewell had
gained a 95 market share
[2]
.






ir.uit Diagram

llg 3 yroelecLrlc llre Sensor
Circuit Description
wbeo tempetotote oeot tbe plezo elemeot locteoses seosltlve ompllflet otoooJ tbe lc1 ptovlJes blqb
ootpot lc cAJ1J0 petfotms lo blqb speeJ 1bete ote two lopotstbe ooolovettloq lopot (plo J)
coooecteJ to tbe plezo elemeot tbtooqb JloJe u7 (OA71) tbot cottles tbe voltoqe slqool ftom tbe
plezo elemeot ooJ tbe lovettloq lopot (plo 2) tbot qets o pteset voltoqe tbtooqb vk1 voltoqe level ot
plo 2 ls set by oJjostloq vk1
1be fltst lc ptovlJes low ootpot so tbot tbe cltcolt ls kept lo stooJby stote Mloot cbooqe lo tbe lopot
voltoqe coo oltet tbe ootpot to blqbet level wltb tbe ose of copocltot c2 kesettloq plo 12 of lc
cu4060 qets o blqb voltoqe tbtooqb k5 ooJ lt temolos JlsobleJ At tbe tlme wbeo tbe plezo elemeot
qets beoteJ copocltot c2 ls JlscbotqeJ 1be ttooslstot 11 btloqs tbe teset plo 12 to qtoooJ 1bos 2oJ
lc ls eoobleJ ooJ lt stotts to osclllote cootloootloo of beot oeot tbe plezo mokes tbe ootpot of lc2
blqbet oboot ooe mloote ooJ beoce tbe olotm wlll stott beeploq lf beot petslsts O9 become blqb
wltblo mlootes ooJ ON tbe teloy Jtlvet ttooslstot 12 lostootooeoosly JloJe u8 stotts to cooJocts ooJ
lc2 Jlscootlooes osclllotloq ooJ lt toqqles 1be soleoolJ pomp of tbe teloy wlll stott to sptoy tbe flte
ceosloq foom ot wotet to tbe posslble sltes of flte
lf tbe molos sopply ls cotoff o bottety bockop ls ptovlJeJ Joe to sbottcltcolt ooJ flte lot bockop
12v 45Ab tecbotqeoble bottety ls oseJ to qlve sofflcleot cotteot to tbe soleoolJ pomp u5 offets tbe
cltcolt oeeJeJ powet ooJ cbotqes tbe bottety ooJ lt llmlts tbe cbotqloq cotteot to 120 mA uloJe u5
ooJ u6 qlves lostoot bockop to tbe cltcolt lf powet folleJ Avolloblllty of molos powet ls loJlcoteJ by
lu1 Oo o lc8 cltcolt sboolJ ossemble 1be plezo elemeot sboolJ coooecteJ to tbe cltcolt osloq o
tblo losoloteJ wlte 1o locteose lts seosltlvlty ottocb tbe flot slJe of tbe plezo oo o J0J0cm
olomloom sbeet 1be cltcolt sboolJ be flxeJ ot o soltoble ploce
ayout Diagram



omponents ist and its Des.ription






* IC CD4060
* SCR/transistor
* diode
* Relays
* piezo element
* piezo buzzer
* Solenoid pump
* Led
* Resistor and capacitor

Project xecution
ir.uit Sele.tion
We have selected our circuit from the circuit given by D. Mohan. In Electronics for
You Maga:ine

omponent Identi1i.ation and Familiarization
Resistors

Resistors are one of the most used components in a circuit. Most are color coded, but some
have their value in Ohms and their tolerance printed on themA multimeter that can check
resistance can also be helpful, providing the resistor is already removed from the board
(measuring it while still soldered in can give inaccurate results, due to connections with the
rest of the circuit). They are typically marked with an 'R` on a circuit board.

apa.itors
Capacitors are also very commonly used. A lot have their values printed on them, some are
marked with 3-digit codes, and a few are color coded. The same resources listed above for
resistors can also help you identify capacitor values. They are typically marked with an 'C`
on a circuit board.
Relays
Relays are typically enclosed in plastic, and many have their specs printed on them. They are
typically marked with an 'K` on a circuit board.
1rans1ormers
Transformers are normally pretty easy to identify by sight, and many have their specs printed
on them. They are typically marked with an 'T` on a circuit board.
Diodes
Semiconductors, such as Diodes (typically marked with an 'D` on a circuit board).
1ransistors
Transistors (typically marked with an 'Q` on a circuit board),
I (Integrated ir.uits)
Integrated Circuits (typically marked with an 'U` or 'IC` on a circuit board), can take a
little more work to figure out what they are. Many different types can use the same
packaging, so they all cant be identified by fust their looks.
ir.uit 1esting on Breadboard
A modern solderless breadboard consists of a perforated block of plastic with numerous tin
plated phosphor bron:e or nickel silver alloy
[5]
spring clips under the perforations. The clips
are often called tie points or contact points. The number of tie points is often given in the
specification of a solderless breadboard.
The spacing between the clips (lead pitch) is typically 0.1" (2.54 mm). Integrated circuits
(ICs) in dual in-line packages (DIPs) can be inserted to straddle the centerline of the block.
Interconnecting wires and the leads of discrete components (such as capacitors, resistors,
inductors, etc.) can be inserted into the remaining free holes to complete the circuit. Where
ICs are not used, discrete components and connecting wires may use any of the holes.
Typically the spring clips are rated for 1 ampere at 5 volts and 0.333 amperes at 15 volts (5
watts).
ayout Preparation
There are circuits whose functions are immune to layout. Unfortunately - or maybe
fortunately - even these need to be laid out on the printed circuit board in a thoughtful way
today. In the last 15 years EMC has become a mafor component of every design cycle. As a
circuit designer, one has an influence on EMC performance that is perhaps eclipsed only by
the system engineer.
Masing
It is a process to prevent circuit from unintended change. Materials used to protect portions
of a work from unintended change, such as masking tape, frisket, and stencils
t.hing
t.hing is the process of using strong acid or mordant to cut into the unprotected parts of a
metal surface to create a design in intaglio in the metal (the original processin modern
manufacturing other chemicals may be used on other types of material).
Soldering
Soldering is a process in which two or more metal items are foined together by melting and
flowing a filler metal into the foint, the filler metal having a relatively low melting point.
1roubleshooting
1roubleshooting is a form of problem solving, often applied to repair failed products or
processes. It is a logical, systematic search for the source of a problem so that it can be
solved, and so the product or process can be made operational again.


dvantages
The systems provide a necessary lifeline and can serve as a backup to other systems in the
case of power and telephone outages or other disasters.
For example, the September 11, 2001 attacks knocked out cell phone service for a large part
of New York City. If the power is out, people will not be able to charge batteries in portable
phones, and JoIP telephony typically will not work without power.
The telegraph alarm boxes, on the other hand, are powered from a separate supply and will
likely continue to work in the face of outages of both electrical and telephone systems.

Disadvantages
The systems can be expensive to maintain.
Some consider the systems to be outdated and that they have outlived their usefulness, given
that almost every household has telephone service. More recently, many people carry mobile
phones that could also be used to call for help in the case of fire.

ppli.ations




An automatic 1ire alarm system is designed to detect the unwanted presence of fire by
monitoring environmental changes associated with combustion.
. Automatic fire alarm systems can be used to notify people to evacuate in the event of a fire
or other emergency, to summon emergency services, and to prepare the structure and
associated systems to control the spread of fire and smoke.


on.lusion
.



A pyroelectric is a device 1ire alarm is used to detect the presence of fire. An automatic fire
alarm is used to detect the unwanted presence of fire by monitoring environmental changes
associated with combustion.
Automatic fire alarm systems can be used to notify people to evacuate in the event of a fire or
other emergency, to summon emergency services, and to prepare the structure and associated
systems to control the spread of fire and smoke.




Re1eren.es
1. no - Boston Globe article about cities and towns keeping or removing Iire box alarm
systems
2. ""Fire Alarm System Categories"". SdIirealarms.co.uk.
http://www.sdIirealarms.co.uk/shop/Iirealarmsystems-a-7.html. Retrieved 2009-07-
15.
3. NFPA 805 PerIormance-Based Standard Ior Fire Protection Ior Light Water Reactor
Electric Generating Plants. Chapter 3 Fundamental Fire Protection Program and
Design Elements: National Fire Protection Association. February 2001.
4. Cote, Arthur E. (March 2000). Fire Protection Handbook eighteenth edition. National
Fire Protection Association. pp. 58. ISBN 0-87765-377-1.