SYMBIOSIS COLLEGE

OF NURSING

NURSING RESEARCH AND STATISTICS

CRITIQUE PRESENTATION

SUBMITTED TO SUBMITTED BY
Dr. S.G Joshi Ms kajal more
Director, Professor (M.Sc Nursing 1st year)
SCON SCON
 Current Research in Behavioral Sciences 2 (2021) 100037

Contents lists available at ScienceDirect

Current Research in Behavioral Sciences

journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/crbeha

Impact of COVID-19 on mental health: A quantitative analysis of anxiety

and depression based on regular life and internet use
Md. Mosfikur Rahman∗, Mohd. Saifuzzaman, Akash Ahmed, Mahfuja Ferdousi Mahin,
Syeda Farjana Shetu
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Daffodil International University, Bangladesh

a R T i c L e i n f o
a b s T R a c T
Keywords:
COVID – 19 This paper describes the psychological state of human from different ages, genders, and professions with the im-
Data analysis pact of COVID – 19 in their regular life in Bangladesh with simulated and visualized infographic images containing
Data visualization statistical analysis from a collected survey on real regular life which is based on their activities of regular life
Psychology
and internet uses. Literature has been reviewed with various COVID – 19 based psychological work and our
Psychological health
work on psychological state, anxiety reasons, and depression scale analysis. Secondly, a process of analysis
Depression
and statisti- cal format has been described through a specific methodology diagram, which contains the
Anxiety
Internet uses collected dataset’s overall data analysis process. Thirdly, a complete analysis report is given by the dataset
analysis, including every specific data collected. Fourthly, a discussion based on analysis and statistical
analysis with informative tables is described individually for different aspects. Finally, some unavoidable
limitations are initialized with reasons though every dataset collected from real regular life and internet use
impacts COVID – 19 in Bangladesh.

Introduction
quantitative report on the anxiety and depression scale based on a col-
COVID – 19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) started spreading from the lected dataset from various professions on their regular lifestyle, choices,
capital of Hubei Province in the People’s Republic of China named and internet uses phone through simulations and statistical reports.
Wuhan in December 2019. In the past ten months, worldwide human- The contributions of this paper for Psychological health analysis in
faced many issues, including financial, economic, psychological, edu- COVID – 19 pandemics summarized below:
cation and many more. Several impacts have occurred in this situation (1) The literature has been reviewed with other works on di fferent
and this situation as pandemic declared by WHO (World Health Orga- psychological impacts in COVID – 19 based on its impact.
nization) in the second week of March 2020 at the same time when (2) Data Analysis and Data Visualization algorithms have been ap-
COVID – 19 attacked the whole human civilization with its worst range plied to the collected dataset to simulate the current conditions
in both physical and psychological way. People get panic by doubting are Psychological health.
themselves as COVID Positive, and many more occurrences occurred. (3) Statistical analysis has been considered a significant fact in this
In this pandemic, these psychological impacts can be introduced as work. It has also been done through the collect dataset.
weak or broken Psychological health due to COVID – 19. Weak
Psychological health can be initialized as Anxiety, Depression, Literature review
Insomnia, Mood Swing, Mind Diversion, and many more. Moreover, the
lockdown conditions are one of the most responsible reasons for this There are many systems on this topic worldwide. They have pro-
weak Psychological health condition. Lifestyle, social intimacy, success posed many more systems as they previously published. There are
or failure in life, human contact, social situations are responsible for some reasons and reviews discussed below for describing why our work
depression, anxiety in reg- ular times. However, in this pandemic, this is competitive with their system.
rate has been increased. A
 ∗
Corresponding author.
E-mail address: mdmosfi[email protected] (Md.M. Rahman).

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crbeha.2021.100037
Received 21 March 2021; Received in revised form 31 March 2021; Accepted 6 April 2021
2666-5182/© 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
Md.M. Rahman, Mohd. Saifuzzaman, A. Ahmed et Current Research in Behavioral Sciences 2 (2021) 100037
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Other Author Their Works/System Our Works/System

Hasan et al., 2020 This study was conducted only on two medical colleges and Our study was on Bangladesh’s overall people with 350 people’s
only 221 Bangladeshi medical students in 2013. responses, including different ages and professions during the
The Survey was only on the university student and the medical lockdown of COVID-19.
college, so the depression and other cases were described for the Due to the recent pandemic, our paper helps us understand the
medical students only. Psychological condition and gives us a statistical view of
The Survey also contains an old data set of 2013. depression and internet uses for lockdown.
Here we also have given statistics of the internet use and
Psychological breakdown due to the lockdown of COVID-19.

Rehman et al., 2020 The paper mainly focuses on the psychological distress of Our paper discusses not only depression and anxiety but also the
Indians. uses of the internet during the lockdown in Bangladesh.
Although the paper discusses the depression and anxiety ranges, In our paper, we did not use tables but also graphs for more
it does not have any graph representing it. convenience and easy view.
The whole dataset was converted to percentages to understand
the depression scale and the internet uses among males and
females.

Akhter and
Khalek, 2020 Although the paper contains many data, there is no graphical Our paper contains the graphical representation of many
representation. If it had any, it would be easier to understand. conditional statements of daily life with different internet sites.
This paper describes only people’s psychological condition using The paper is specified according to the recent pandemic that
the internet and measures the happiness and time spent on the reflects on the human mind and Psychological changes.
internet.

Wang et al., 2020 The paper contains an analysis of china and its different
provinces. As the paper contains many data, it lacks a visual We worked in the statistical representation using graphs for
contest for the statistical representation. daily activities of life during the lockdown.

Peng et al., 2020 Though the paper contains the depression in the quarantined
population during COVID-19, it lacks visual content. We developed visual content and a percentage of regular life
and Psychological change through different plots.
Islam et al., 2020 This Survey indicates the levels of panic and generalized anxiety
of Bangladesh people during the relatively early stage of the Our Survey indicates the depression levels and scale after
COVID-19. staying at home for siX months during the lockdown.
The paper has no graphical representation for better We added graphs to understand the Psychological condition of
understanding. Male and females, described the uses of the internet among
them, and changed their Psychological conditions.

Odriozola-
González et al., The Survey was only one week after a lockdown on depression. Our Survey was after siX months after lockdown. So, we could
2020 So, there is a lack of data as the review was too early. scale the depression level and Psychological change correctly.
The Survey was done only at one university. Our Survey was on the overall people of Bangladesh.

Chen et al., 2020 The depression symptoms were not apparent in their paper.
They blamed the high-intensity mobile phone use for suicidal We have used answering questions of different depression
thoughts. symptoms to analyze the depression scale and used images to
get a clear view of their psychologically.
We tried to find the main reasons for suicidal thoughts. Then we
represented the depression symptoms that were blamed for the
suicidal thoughts and the internet’s uses.
Elhai et al., 2020 They just blamed smartphone use for depression in lockdown.
They just talked about the smartphone. We represented all the reasons for being depressed, including
internet use due to lockdown.
We described the internet sites that people often use for leisure
in daily life in lockdown.
We analyzed the visualized report to find the main points of
depressions.
Mol et al., 2020 The paper was on regular life base internet use. The paper has
few similarities with our paper. In our paper, we did not just show the internet usage but also
showed the depression scale of the human.
Ng et al., 2019 The Survey only on students.
They only showed the use of social sites for depression. We surveyed people of different professions.
There is a lack of clearance in their methodology. We not only showed the usage of social sites but also showed
the other sites.
We described our methodology step by step for more
convenience.
Zhai et al., 2020 There is no visualized report in their paper.
Depressive symptoms were not apparent. We have the visualized report in which we showed the
responses of the participants.
Our depressive symptoms were apparent.

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Fig. 1. Methodology diagram.

Fig. 2. Decreasing of productivity.

Methodology secondly daily uses of the internet, and finally the third part of
understanding the psychological conditions for staying at home.
•
Data Collection: During this pandemic situation (COVID-19), we •
Development: As we collected only some questions and multiple-
shared a survey form to collect some opinions of some choices answers, we considered them as qualitative data. We
psychological facts and daily life on the internet. We surveyed needed to give a structural form to collect the qualitative data so
from 2020 July 20 to 2020 August 1. Questions and some that there are no missing values. Organizing the qualitative data,
multiple-choices were provided to collect the opinions of the male we had given it a structured form. After giving it a structured
and female. About 350 responses were collected from the survey form, we needed to delete or remove unnecessary data as they will
form. The report was gender (male and female) and age-based not provide any information for this Survey. So, we implemented
from age 1 to 60. The data was collected using simple words like algorithms to un- derstand better what we are working on in this
agree-disagree-normal and many more. Simple regular life-related study. As the dataset was qualitative, we needed to convert the data
questions were asked for this Survey. We even used images to find into a quantitative dataset for better understanding.
the reaction and the psychological conditions of humans. The •
Algorithm: We have used this algorithm to analyze male and fe-
survey form was divided into three parts to find the psychological male reports in percentages from different perspectives. To check
condition of humans. The first part was finding the depression in the opinions of males and females in different questions, we need
everyday lifestyle, then a

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Fig. 3. Depressed Mood.

visual figure to understand the percentage of their opinions. A pie

Algorithm 2 To Analyze Quantitative Data.
chart is the best option here. Using their answers and converting
them to a pie chart, we can easily understand it with more details Step 1: Install and import necessary modules and packages.
and the categories of their answers according to their opinions. The Step 2: Input Dataset.
proposed approach is shown in Algorithm 1. Step 3: Configuring data set.
Step 4: Set equivalent values for the diagram in quantitative form.
Step 5: Set labels, parameters, and legends for analysis.
After analyzing the number of opinions of male and females, Step 6: Reconfigure visualized diagram for Male and female.
we also need to observe it closely. We need a good view of the Step 7: Output.

perspectives of males and females and in total. Counting the num-

ber of opinions makes it more convenient to understand and find
the reason behind it. Count plot is an excellent choice for this. •
Data Analysis: From the converted quantitative dataset, the analysis
We have used this algorithm to analyze the number of opinions
starts. We have to implement the selected algorithms to visualize
for Male and females using a count plot. The steps are shown in
the data frame and give a statistical report. We converted the data
Algorithm 2.
into valuable plots so that we can observe the dataset more
conveniently. Converting the dataset into count plots and pie plots
became more useful for others to view our Survey’s outcome. 350
Algorithm 1 To Analyze Individual Report. responses were recorded, including 237(67.7%) males and 113
Step 1: Install and import necessary modules and packages. (32.3%) females. Here most of them are 18 to 23 years old. As most
Step 2: Input dataset. of the answers were promising, but few of the answers were
Step 3: Configuring data set. abnormal. We tried to explore the abnormal output and analyzed
Step 4: Set equivalent values for the diagram in percentage from qualitative all the questions answers to find the change in their behavior and
data.
Step 5: Set labels and parameters for analysis.
mental health. Loneliness, failure in life, irritability has a significant
Step 6: Reconfigure visualized diagram for Male and females and in total. impact on mental condi- tions. It can be the leading cause of
Step 7: Output. unusual reactions. We can see that most people are spending their
time on the internet instead of going out for internet use. About
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92.00% of people spend their daily

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Fig. 4. Effect of Depressed mood.

Fig. 5. Psychological Change.

life on the internet. Very few people browse the internet once a day
(Fig. 1). Discussion

We surveyed on regular life of people and how much time they

Result spend on the internet. We have a dataset of 350 people who filled up
the sur- vey form. We have done some detailed analysis on the
According to the Survey, about 37.2% male, 49.8% female, and in questions, and those are represented as visualization reports. We have
total, 42.78% of people are depressed with their daily life. It can be re- tried to relate the outcome of the questions with the psychological facts
ferred to as the depression scale. According to the internet, we can say to find the rea- sons for depression. We also tried to understand how
most people use all of the social services regularly. As a result, maxi- much people use the internet daily. So, we divided our Survey into
mum time they stay at home. Mostly 63.7% of Females do not like to three parts Depression Scale, Spend time on the internet, and
go out and then only for an hour (26.5%). On the other hand, 18.6% of Psychological change.
male do not like to go out, and 26.5% of males go out for an hour. As
a result, compared to the depression scale with the image remarking, Depression scale
we get 16.85% of people’s Psychological condition changes due to the
lockdown of COVID-19. Decreasing

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productivity
Productivity is the result of daily activities. According to the peo-
ple’s agreement, we can see that most of the people are facing
problems

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Fig. 6. Irritability.

Fig. 7. Image testing.

working all day long due to the lockdown. Every day’s task is taking
more and more time than usual. Most people agree with this case that so depressed that most of the Male and females think everything they
all the tasks are taking more time than usual. The lack of concentration do is a failure in life.
can be blamed for it. Most of the people are agreeing with this topic
too. As people lose concentration, they are becoming depressed and Effect of depressed mood
think- ing that there is no hope for the future. For all of this, they As people are being depressed with their lives, it harms their daily
cannot make decisions. They face problems making decisions. Lack of lives. They are being irritated and having an angry reaction to simple
concentration is mainly responsible for this. Due to COVID-19, they things in life. They are reacting too much to a simple matter. They even
are facing many problems (Fig. 2). feel fatigued too. Their health condition is hampered too. Moreover,
that many people also lose or gain weight without any diet program
(Fig. 4). Medical science says that if a person is depressed, he/she loses
or gains weight without any diet program. Because it a ffects his/her
Depressed mood
health. As life is giving them too much trouble for lockdown and
From Fig. 3, we see that there is not much difference between
COVID- 19 anxiety, most males and females have suicidal thoughts.
agree- ing and disagree, but the number of agreements is a little more
Once seen, when people cannot control their anger, they become weak
than disagree. That is means about 50% of people are sad, and they are
and decide to attempt suicide.
feel- ing depressed. They are losing interest in everything in their life.
Most people think that there is no joy in their life. For that, they have
lost interest in everything. We can also see that depression is working Psychological change
at a very high level among that people. Since life is giving them a hard At present almost, every people have trust issues with others. It is a
time due to COVID-19, most people feel guilty for their daily lives. common issue. That is why many people have trouble with their rela-
They feel tionships, whatever the relationship is. Trust is a significant thing in all

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Fig. 8. Time spent on the internet.

types of relationships. However, due to this lockdown, people’s Psycho-

logical condition has changed. They face the trust issue. If there is any like gaming so much rather than girls. We can say that both girls and
trust issue in a relationship, there must have problems (Fig. 5). boys spend most of the time on social networking sites and the instant
messenger because people of any age can use them. These are also the
best communication systems in this century. It is also essential to
Irritability
lessen the communication gap in this pandemic situation. However, it
Having a loss of appetite means a reluctance to eat. Though a few
is seen that most of us, especially those who are students, are wasting
people agree with this, there is a relation between loss of appetite and
our valu- able time without any valid reason. Due to COVID-19, people
depression. Those who become so much depressed face the problem.
have been more addicted to the smartphone. Some of us also do some
They have a loss of appetite. Lack of sleep is also related to this. We
antisocial works on this site. Spending more time on the internet is also
may see that those who have a loss of appetite also face a lack of sleep.
a reason for depression.
Many people agree that they have a lack sleep (Fig. 6).
Spending time with the music. Most of us like to listen to music con-
Image testing stantly. In Fig. 10, we see that maximum people agree that they like to
We can test the psychological condition of the human through the listen to music continuously. It is seen that at the same time, we stay
image. Here we tested the psychological condition of the human through on social sites and also listen to music. It has become a bad habit for
a happy face and a scary image. By exploring the rating of the image, us. We spend hours listening to music on YouTube or other sites.
we can judge the psychological condition of humans. Even if people are
depressed, if they have something in front of them that makes them Psychological change
laugh or feel better, depression can be alleviated. Here from Fig. 7, we According to people’s psychological condition and the perspective
can see that a few people do not agree with this. Identically, we can of thinking, we can scale the depression level of humans. Based on a
see that in Fig. 7, few people did not mark this as very much scary. happy picture’s remarking rate, we found about 7.4% of people (20
From everyone’s point of view, the result will be different, and it is male and siX females out of 350) were not happy. It is just because of
true. However, it also describes the level of psychological change which their psychological breakdown.
happened for COVID-19. Then using a pathetic image, we rated the psychological condition
of the destructive mind of the human. Here about 6.3% of people (13
Spend time on the internet male and nine females out of 350) rated 10 out of 10. It was not a stan-
Time spend on the internet. From Fig. 8, we can see that most people dard rating as the picture was not satisfying. It proved that the psycho-
like to spend their time on the internet. If not all day long, then about logical condition of humans is getting very destructive. They are living
5–6 h a day, people spend their leisure time on the internet. Because unhealthy life. It can lead to a psychological disorder like suicide, and
many people are spending their time without doing anything due to the also, there can be happened social colony breakdown. About 15.1% (28
lockdown, they like to spend time on the internet. males and 11 females out of 350) have suicidal thoughts. According to
this Survey, people mostly spend their day lonely by playing games or
Most & average using internet sites. We remain busy on the internet with browsing the internet. So, their psychology changes day by day. If we
something that we like as like social networking sites, instant messenger, dig deeper, we will see that it occurs because of failure in life and
news, chat room, gaming, web browsing, shopping, file sharing, inter- spend- ing most of the time on the internet or social sites. About 92%
net tv, blogs, and so on. If we look at Fig. 9, we can see that most peo- of people use the internet every day (221 males and 101 females out of
ple are spending their time gradually on social networking sites, 350). Here about 47.4% (121 males and 45 females out of 250) use the
instant messenger, chat room, web browsing and news. Moreover, internet all day long. So, there is a large number of people spending
spending av- erage time in blogs, file sharing, online shopping, internet their time on the internet for daily tasks and spending their leisure.
tv. Every day boys play online games where girls do not play at all. There are 58.9% (130 male and 76 females out of 350) who use mobile
Because boys phones for com- munication. In this communication, 54.9% (130

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male and 60 female)

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Fig. 9. Most & average using internet sites.

uses chat rooms for communication, 72% (171 male and 81 female)
uses instant messenger to communicate and 39.1% (117 male and 20 to failure in something in life. About 36% agree (110 males and 42
female) play game every day. females) with this condition.
These have an impact on the mind. People are becoming more and So, by calculating the issues and the abnormal rating, we can say
more online addicted and distracting from social life. Nowadays, that on average, about 37.2% male and 49.8% female, and 42.78% of
people like online communication. As a result, people feel that there is people are depressed in their daily life.
no joy in their life. About 42% (95 males and 52 females out of According to people’s different perspectives, the use of the internet
350) agree with this. 52.6% of people (113 male and 71 females out of is:
350) are losing interest in everything. About 68.9% of people (160 Here from the table, we can see the percentage of di fferent people
male and 81 females out of 350) face a lack of concentration. It causes spending their time on the internet. Here, most people spend their
a decision- making problem. About 60% of people (128 males and 82 time on the internet on different social sites like Chat Room,
females) feel this way. The lack of concentration and decision-making Messenger, So- cial Networking Sites, Blogs, Gaming, Web Browsing,
problem leads Music, File Shar- ing, Shopping, News, Internet TV. According to this
Survey, males spend
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Fig. 9. Continued

Fig. 10. Spending time with the music.

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Fig. 11. Rating of a happy picture.

Fig. 12. Remarking a pathetic image.

Table 1.1
The depression perspective of males and females.

Topic Agree Neutral Disagree

Male Female Male Female Male Female

Decreasing of productivity 58.60% 58.40% 31.20% 30.10% 10.10% 11.50%

Lack of concentration 67.50% 71.70% 21.50% 15.00% 11.00% 13.30%
Losing future hop 32.50% 52.20% 19.40% 15.00% 48.00% 32.70%
Problem making decisions 54.00% 72.60% 22.80% 15.50% 23.20% 15.90%
Feeling sad and losing joy in life 40.10% 46.00% 22.40% 15.00% 37.60% 38.90%
Lost interest in everything 47.70% 62.80% 24.90% 12.40% 27.40% 24.80%
Feeling guilty for everything 40.90% 52.20% 16.00% 15.90% 43.00% 31.90%
Feeling irritated and angry recently 49.40% 60.20% 22.80% 13.30% 27.80% 26.50%
Feeling very fatigued 39.70% 54.00% 37.60% 20.40% 22.80% 25.70%
Feeling failure in life 33.80% 40.70% 19.40% 22.10% 46.80% 37.20%
Having suicidal thoughts 12.20% 21.20% 11.80% 9.70% 75.90% 69.00%
Have lost or gained weight 46.00% 61.90% 28.70% 13.30% 25.30% 24.80%
Losing of appetite 25.30% 37.20% 42.20% 29.20% 32.50% 33.60%
Having trust issues 46.80% 61.10% 28.30% 20.40% 24.90% 18.60%
Having trouble with all relationships 38.80% 48.70% 29.50% 15.00% 31.60% 36.30%
Having a lack of sleep 43.00% 58.40% 19.00% 15.90% 38.00% 25.70%
Having a problem with your sexual life 19.00% 15.90% 34.00% 31.90% 46.40% 52.20%
Losing interest on opposite gender 14.30% 21.20% 15.20% 25.70% 70.50% 53.10%

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Table. 1.2
The percentages on use of internet.

Topic Gender Once a day More than Once a Day Less than Once a Month Everyday

Internet Uses Limit Male .040% 4.60% 1.70% 93.20%

Female 0.90% 2.70% 7.10% 89.40%
In total 0.30% 1.10% 5.40% 92.00%

Table. 1.3
Spending time on the internet of males and female.

Use of the internet Gender Once a Week Once a Month More than Once a Month Less than Once a Month Everyday Never

Chat Male 9.30% 4.20% 11.80% 2.10% 54.90% 17.70%

Rooms Female 9.70% 4.40% 7.10% 3.50% 54.90% 20.40%
Total 9.40% 4.30% 10.30% 2.60% 54.90% 18.60%
Instant Male 6.30% 0.40% 7.60% 0.40% 72.20% 13.10%
Messenger Female 6.20% 2.70% 12.40% 0.90% 71.70% 6.20%
Total 6.30% 1.10% 9.10% 0.60% 72.00% 10.90%
Social Male 3.40% 0.80% 10.10% 0.00% 84.40% 1.30%
Net- Female 10.60% 0.90% 11.50% 2.70% 64.60% 9.70%
work- Total 5.70% 0.90% 10.60% 0.90% 78.00% 4.00%
iBnloggs Male 22.80% 15.60% 15.20% 7.20% 16.90% 22.40%
Sites Female 23.90% 9.70% 8.80% 1.80% 15.00% 40.70%
Total 23.10% 13.70% 13.10% 5.40% 16.30% 28.30%
Gaming Male 14.30% 5.10% 8.40% 3.00% 49.40% 19.80%
Female 21.20% 12.40% 15.90% 3.50% 17.70% 29.20%
Total 16.60% 7.40% 10.90% 3.10% 39.10% 22.90%
Web Male 5.90% 5.50% 16.90% 1.70% 65.80% 4.20%
Browsing Female 14.20% 12.40% 13.30% 0.90% 46.90% 12.40%
Total 8.60% 7.70% 15.70% 1.40% 59.70% 6.90%
Music Male 11.80% 4.20% 17.30% 3.00% 59.50% 4.20%
Female 15.00% 8.80% 6.20% 1.80% 61.90% 6.20%
Total 12.90% 5.70% 13.70% 2.60% 60.30% 4.90%
File Male 24.90% 12.70% 20.30% 5.50% 22.40% 14.30%
Sharing Female 21.20% 8.80% 20.40% 8.00% 23.90% 17.70%
Total 23.70% 11.40% 20.30% 6.30% 22.90% 15.40%
Shopping Male 15.60% 21.10% 8.00% 18.10% 5.50% 31.60%
Female 21.20% 29.20% 2.70% 13.30% 8.80% 24.80%
Total 17.40% 23.70% 6.30% 16.60% 6.60% 29.40%
News Male 16.90% 8.00% 13.90% 2.10% 52.70% 6.30%
Female 14.20% 8.00% 15.00% 0.90% 54.90% 7.10%
Total 16.00% 8.00% 14.30% 1.70% 53.40% 6.60%
Internet Male 13.50% 11.80% 11.80% 6.30% 26.60% 30.00%
TV Female 9.70% 11.50% 12.40% 2.70% 32.70% 31.00%
Total 12.30% 11.70% 12.00% 5.10% 28.60% 30.30%

Table. 1.4
The percentage of male and female going out in a day.

Topic Gender 0 1 2 2+

Going out in a day Male 18.60% 39.70% 16.90% 24.90%

Female 63.70% 26.50% 6.20% 3.50%
In total 33.10% 35.40% 13.40% 18.00%

Table. 1.5
Image remarking.

Topic Gender EXcellent Normal Psychological Breakdown

HFI Male 58.20% 21.10% 20.70%

Remarking Female 62.80% 20.30% 16.80%
In total 59.70% 20.90% 19.40%
SFI Male 68.40% 18.90% 12.60%
remarking Female 65.50% 16.80% 17.70%
In total 67.40% 18.90% 14.30%

most of their time in gaming and messenger (Table 1.1, Table 1.2 and day at home. They like to enjoy the outer world on their phone on the
Table 1.3). internet.
From the above Table 1.4, we can understand that since people For Table 1.5, we have two remarking based on survey data collec-
spend their maximum time on the internet, they cannot find enough tion respectively HFI Remarking belongs to Happy Face Image
time to go out to enjoy themselves. About 63.70% of females stay all Remark- ing and SFI Remarking belongs to Scary Face Remarking. In
this table,

1
Md.M. Rahman, Mohd. Saifuzzaman, A. Ahmed et Current Research in Behavioral Sciences 2 (2021) 100037
al.

we can see for males in average 16.65% and females in average 17.25%,
and in total average 16.85% people’s Psychological health is breaking References
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