GEORGIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

College of Engineering
COE 3001 I — Mechanics of Deformable Bodies
Spring Semester 2016
HOMEWORK #9 SOLUTION KEY

Problem 1
W2 =660 N
(Problem 5.12-2) An aluminum pole for a street light weights 4600 N
and supports an arm that weights 660 N (see figure). The center of gravity
of the arm is 1.2 m from the axis of the pole. A wind force of 300 N also acts
in the (y) direction at 9 m above the base. The outside diameter of the
pole (at its base) is 225 mm, and its thickness is 18 mm. 1.2 m
Determine the maximum tensile and compressive stresses st and sc,
respectively, in the pole (at its base) due to the weights and the wind force.
P 1 = 300 N W1 = 4600 N

18 mm
9m
z
y
x
y 225 mm
x

Solution:

W1  4600 N b  1.2 m Mx  W2 b + P1h

W2  660 N h9m Mx  3.492 * 103 N # m (Moment)

P1  300 N d1  225 mm t  18 mm MAXIMUM STRESS

Pz Mx d1
d2  d1  2 t st  a + b
A I 2
1d  d222 1d 4  d2 42
p 2 p
A I st  5.77 * 103 kPa
4 1 64 1
 5770 kPa ;
A  1.171 * 104 mm2 I  6.317 * 107 mm4
Pz Mx d1
AT BASE OF POLE sc  a  b ;
A I 2
Pz  W1 + W2 sc  6.668 * 103
3
Pz  5.26 * 10 N (Axial force ) 6668 kPa ;
V y  P1 V y  300 N (Shear force)

1
Problem 2

Solution:

At point A, we isolate the stress element as shown in the figure bellow (see HW#8 problem 1). We could
construct the related Mohr’s circle.
At point B, we isolate the stress element as shown in the figure bellow (see HW#8 problem 1). We could
construct the related Mohr’s circle.

The principal stresses at point B: Because there are no shear stresses acting at B, normal stresses are the
principal stresses

𝜎1 = 𝜎𝑦 = 6400 𝑝𝑠𝑖

𝜎2 = 𝜎𝑥 = 3419 𝑝𝑠𝑖

The maximum in-plane shear stress at point B:

𝜎1 − 𝜎2
𝜏max = = 1491 𝑝𝑠𝑖
2

𝜃𝑠2 = 45°
Problem 3

(Problem 7.4-8) The rotor shaft of a helicopter y

(see figure part a) drives the rotor blades that
provide the lifting force and is subjected to a 68 MPa
combination of torsion and axial loading (see
figure part b).
It is known that normal stress sy  68 MPa
and shear stress txy  100 MPa. Using Mohr’s x
circle, determine the following. O

(a) The stresses acting on an element oriented

100 MPa
at a counterclockwise angle u  22.5 from
the x axis. (a)
(b) Find the maximum tensile stress, maximum
compressive stress, and maximum shear (b)
stress in the shaft.
Show all results on sketches of properly oriented elements.

Solution:

MOHR’S CIRCLE - PLANE STRESS TRANSFORMATIONS units  MPa

PLANE STRESS VALUES: sx  0 sy  68 txy  100

sx + sy sx  sy 2
AVERAGE NORMAL STRESS: save   34 radius: R  a b + txy2  105.622
2 C 2
(a) STRESS TRANSFORMATION FOR SOME SPECIFIED ANGLE theta 1u2 u  22.5
sx  sy
sx1  save + cos 12u2 + txy sin 12u2 sx1  60.8 MPa
2
sy1  sx + sy  sx1 sy1  128.75 MPa
sx  sy
tx1y1   a b sin 12u2 + txy cos 12u2 tx1y1  46.7 MPa
2
MOHR’S CIRCLE

Mohr’s Circle
σx1 σy1

–100
Shear stress (+ downward)

τx1y1

–τx1y1

100

–100 0 100
Normal stress

4
(b) PRINCIPAL NORMAL STRESSES & ALSO MAXIMUM SHEAR STRESS
2txy
arctan a b
sx  sy
up2  up2  35.6 up1  up2 + 90 up1  125.6
2
sx + sy sx + sy
s1  + cos (2up1) + txy sin (2up1)  139.6 s1  139.6 MPa
2 2
sx + sy sx  sy
s2  + cos (2up2) + txy sin (2up2)  71.6 s2  71.6 MPa
2 2
s1  s2 sx  sy 2
tmax   105.6 or tmax  a b + txy2  105.6 MPa
2 C 2
Because the principal stresses s1 and s2 have opposite signs, the maximum in-plane shear stresses are larger than the
maximum out-of-plane shear stresses (see Eqs. 7-28a, b, and c and the accompanying discussion). Therefore, the max-
imum shear stress in the shaft is 105.6 MPa.

Problem 4

(Problem 9.3-14) Derive the equations of the deflection curve for a y

cantilever beam AB carrying a uniform load of intensity q over part of the q
span (see figure). Also, determine the deflection dB at the end of the beam.
(Note: Use the second-order differential equation of the deflection curve.)
x
A B

a b

Solution:

BENDING-MOMENT EQUATION (EQ. 9-16a)

B.C. 3 n(0)  0  C3  0
q q
EI–  M   (a  x)2   (a 2  2ax + x2) qa 3x
2 2 EI  C2x + C4   + C4 (a … x … L)
6
(0 … x … a) qa 4
B.C. 4 (n)Left  (n)Right at x  a ‹ C4 
q x3 24
EI¿   aa 2x  ax2 + b + C1 (0 … x … a) qx2
2 3
  (6a 2  4ax + x2) (0 … x … a) ;
B.C. 1 n (0)  0  C1  0 24EI
qa 3
EI¿¿  M  0 (a x L)  (4x  a) (a … x … L) ;
24EI
EI¿  C2 (a x L)
qa 3
qa 3 dB  (L)  (4L  a) ;
B.C. 2 (v¿)Left  (v¿)Right at x  a ‹ C2   24EI
6
(These results agree with Case 2, Table H-1.)
q a 2x2 ax3 x4
EI   a  + b + C3 (0 … x … a)
2 2 3 12

5
Problem 5 P

(Problem 10.4-1) A propped cantilever beam AB of length L carries A B

a concentrated load P acting at the position shown in the figure. MA
Determine the reactions RA, RB , and MA for this beam. Also, draw the
shear-force and bending-moment diagrams, labeling all critical ordinates. RA
a b RB
L
Solution:
Select RB as redundant. OTHER REACTIONS (FROM EQUILIBRIUM)

EQUILIBRIUM Pb
RA  (3L2  b2)
2L3
RA  P  RB MA  Pa  RBL
Pab
MA  (L + b) ;
RELEASED STRUCTURE AND FORCE-DISPLACEMENT RELATIONS 2L2

SHEAR-FORCE AND BENDING-MOMENT DIAGRAMS

COMPATIBILITY
dB  (dB)1  (dB)2  0
Pa2 RBL3
dB  (3L  a)  0
6EI 3EI
Pa2
RB  (3L  a) ;
2L3

Problem 6

(Problem 11.4-1) An aluminum pipe column (E  10,400 ksi) with

length L  10.0 ft has inside and outside diameters d1  5.0 in. and
d2  6.0 in., respectively (see figure). The column is supported only d2
d1
at the ends and may buckle in any direction.
Calculate the critical load Pcr for the following end conditions:
(1) pinned-pinned, (2) fixed-free, (3) fixed-pinned, and (4) fixed-fixed.

Solution:

d2  6.0 in. d1  5.0 in. E  10,400 ksi p2EI

(2) FIXED-FREE Pcr   58.7 k ;
p 4L2
I (d 24  d 14 )  32.94 in.4
64
2.046p2EI
L  10.0 ft  120 in. (3) FIXED-PINNED Pcr   480 k ;
L2
(1) PINNED-PINNED
4p2EI
p2EI p2(10,400 ksi) (32.94 in.4) (4) FIXED-FIXED Pcr   939 k ;
Pcr   L2
2 2
L (120 in.)
 235 k ;

6
Problem 7

Solution:

Step#1: Find reaction forces at A and B.

Use the principle of superposition and release the support at B

CASE 1

CASE 2

For CASE 1:

TB L
𝜑1 =
𝐺𝐼𝑝

7
For CASE 2:

∑𝑇 = 0

𝐿 1
𝑇2 + (𝑡0 × × ) × 2 = 0
2 2

1
∴ 𝑇2 = − 𝑡0 𝐿
2

𝐿 𝐿
In case 2, the expressions of the internal torque 𝑇(𝑥) are different in the range of 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ and < 𝑥 ≤
2 2
𝐿, because the applied torsional moment is not linearly distributed along the whole length of the shaft. We
𝐿 𝐿
need to solve for 𝑇(𝑥) in the range of 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2 and 2
< 𝑥 ≤ 𝐿 separately.

𝐿
FBD for 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2:

𝐿
1 −𝑥 𝑥
𝑇(𝑥) = 𝑡0 𝐿 − (𝑡0 + 2 𝑡0 )
2 𝐿 2
2
𝑡0 2 1
= 𝐿
𝑥 − 𝑡0 𝑥 + 2 𝑡0 𝐿

𝐿
FBD for 2 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 𝐿:

1 1 𝐿 𝑡0 𝐿 21
𝑇(𝑥) = 𝑡0 𝐿 − 𝑡0 − (𝑥 − )
2 2 2 𝐿 2 2
2
𝑡0 2
=− 𝑥 + 𝑡0 𝑥
𝐿
Thus, we can calculate 𝜑2 as
𝐿
1 2 𝑡0 2 1 1 𝐿 𝑡0
𝜑2 = ∫ ( 𝑥 − 𝑡0 𝑥 + 𝑡0 𝐿) 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ (− 𝑥 2 + 𝑡0 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
𝐺𝐼𝑝 0 𝐿 2 𝐺𝐼𝑝 𝐿 𝐿
2

𝑡0 𝐿2
=
4𝐺𝐼𝑝

Now we have the expressions for both 𝜑1 and 𝜑2 . Next, we could use the compatibility and equilibrium
conditions to solve for reactions forces at A and B.
𝑡0 𝐿2 TB L 𝑡0 𝐿
Compatibility condition: 𝜑1 + 𝜑2 = 0 + =0 ∴ TB = −
4𝐺𝐼𝑝 𝐺𝐼𝑝 4
𝑡0 𝐿 𝑡0 𝐿
Equilibrium: 𝑇A + 𝑇𝐵 + =0 ∴ TA = −
2 4

Step#2: Find expressions for internal torque 𝑇(𝑥), twist 𝜑(𝑥) and maximum twist 𝜑.
𝐿
FBD for 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2:

𝐿
1 −𝑥 𝑥
𝑇1 (𝑥) = 𝑡0 𝐿 − (𝑡0 + 2 𝑡0 )
4 𝐿 2
2
𝑡0 𝐿 2
= (𝑥 − )
𝐿 2

𝐿
FBD for 2 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 𝐿:

1 1 𝐿 𝑡0 𝐿 21
𝑇2 (𝑥) = 𝑡0 𝐿 − 𝑡0 − (𝑥 − )
4 2 2 𝐿 2 2
2

𝑡0 𝐿 2
=− (𝑥 − )
𝐿 2
In summary, we obtain 𝑇(𝑥) as a piecewise function

𝑡0 𝐿 2 𝐿
(𝑥 − ) 𝑓𝑜𝑟 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤
𝑇(𝑥) = 𝐿 2 2
𝑡0 𝐿 2 𝐿
− (𝑥 − ) 𝑓𝑜𝑟 ≤𝑥≤𝐿
{ 𝐿 2 2

𝐿 𝐿
Then, we can find the expressions of 𝜑(𝑥) for 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ and ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 𝐿 separately.
2 2

𝐿
For 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ :
2

1 𝑥 1 𝑥 𝑡0 𝐿 2 𝑡0 1 3 𝐿 2 𝐿2
𝜑1 (𝑥) = ∫ 𝑇1 (𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫ (𝑥 − ) 𝑑𝑥 = ( 𝑥 − 𝑥 + 𝑥)
𝐺𝐼𝑝 0 𝐺𝐼𝑝 0 𝐿 2 𝐺𝐼𝑝 𝐿 3 2 4

𝐿
For ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 𝐿:
2

𝐿 1 𝑥 𝑡0 𝐿2 1 𝑥 𝑡0 𝐿 2
𝜑2 (𝑥) = 𝜑1 ( ) + ∫ 𝑇2 (𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = + ∫ − (𝑥 − ) 𝑑𝑥
2 𝐺𝐼𝑝 𝐿 24𝐺𝐼𝑝 𝐺𝐼𝑝 𝐿 𝐿 2
2 2

𝑡0 𝐿2 𝑡0 1 3 𝐿 2 𝐿2
= − ( 𝑥 − 𝑥 + 𝑥)
12𝐺𝐼𝑝 𝐺𝐼𝑝 𝐿 3 2 4

In summary, we obtain 𝜑(𝑥) as a piecewise function

𝑡0 1 3 𝐿 2 𝐿2 𝐿
( 𝑥 − 𝑥 + 𝑥) 𝑓𝑜𝑟 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤
𝐺𝐼𝑝 𝐿 3 2 4 2
𝜑(𝑥) = 2
𝑡0 𝐿 𝑡0 1 3 𝐿 2 𝐿2 𝐿
− ( 𝑥 − 𝑥 + 𝑥) 𝑓𝑜𝑟 ≤𝑥≤𝐿
{ 12𝐺𝐼𝑝 𝐺𝐼𝑝 𝐿 3 2 4 2

Finally, we could find expressions for the maximum twist 𝜑𝑚𝑎𝑥 and its location 𝑥𝑚𝑎𝑥 .

𝐿 2 1
𝑥𝑚𝑎𝑥 → 𝑇(𝑥) = 0 (𝑥 − 2) = 0 ∴ 𝑥𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 2 𝐿

𝐿 𝑡0 𝐿2
𝜑𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝜑 ( ) =
2 24𝐺𝐼𝑃
Step#3: Plot TMD and TDD.