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How To Install The Apache Web Server On Ubuntu 18.04 - DigitalOcean

This document provides instructions on how to install the Apache web server on Ubuntu 18.04. It describes downloading and installing Apache using apt, configuring the firewall to allow HTTP traffic on port 80, and checking that Apache is running properly by accessing the default page.

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How To Install The Apache Web Server On Ubuntu 18.04 - DigitalOcean

This document provides instructions on how to install the Apache web server on Ubuntu 18.04. It describes downloading and installing Apache using apt, configuring the firewall to allow HTTP traffic on port 80, and checking that Apache is running properly by accessing the default page.

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Roberto Estrada
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04 | DigitalOcean

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Language: EN 
 Contents 

How To Install the Apache Web Server on Ubuntu 18.04


Posted April 27, 2018  274.1k APACHE UBUNTU 18.04

By Justin Ellingwood and Kathleen Juell


Become an author

Not using Ubuntu 18.04? Choose a different version:

Introduction
The Apache HTTP server is the most widely-used web server in the world. It provides many powerful features including
dynamically loadable modules, robust media support, and extensive integration with other popular software.

In this guide, we'll explain how to install an Apache web server on your Ubuntu 18.04 server.

Prerequisites
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Before you begin this guide, you should have a regular, non-root user with sudo privileges configured on your server.
Additionally, you will need to enable a basic firewall to block non-essential ports. You can learn how to configure a regular
user account and set up a firewall for your server by following our initial server setup guide for Ubuntu 18.04.

When you have an account available, log in as your non-root user to begin.

Step 1 — Installing Apache


Apache is available within Ubuntu's default software repositories, making it possible to install it using conventional package
management tools.

Let's begin by updating the local package index to reflect the latest upstream changes:

$ sudo apt update

Then, install the apache2 package:

$ sudo apt install apache2

After confirming the installation, apt will install Apache and all required dependencies.

Step 2 — Adjusting the Firewall


Before testing Apache, it's necessary to modify the firewall settings to allow outside access to the default web ports.
Assuming that you followed the instructions in the prerequisites, you should have a UFW firewall configured to restrict
access
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During installation, Apache registers itself with UFW to provide a few application profiles that can be used to enable or
disable access to Apache through the firewall.

List the ufw application profiles by typing:

$ sudo ufw app list

You will see a list of the application profiles:

Output
Available applications:
Apache
Apache Full
Apache Secure
OpenSSH

As you can see, there are three profiles available for Apache:

Apache: This profile opens only port 80 (normal, unencrypted web traffic)

Apache Full: This profile opens both port 80 (normal, unencrypted web traffic) and port 443 (TLS/SSL encrypted traffic)

Apache Secure: This profile opens only port 443 (TLS/SSL encrypted traffic)

It is recommended that you enable the most restrictive profile that will still allow the traffic you've configured. Since we
haven't configured SSL for our server yet in this guide, we will only need to allow traffic on port 80:

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You can verify the change by typing:

$ sudo ufw status

You should see HTTP traffic allowed in the displayed output:

Output
Status: active

To Action From
-- ------ ----
OpenSSH ALLOW Anywhere
Apache ALLOW Anywhere
OpenSSH (v6) ALLOW Anywhere (v6)
Apache (v6) ALLOW Anywhere (v6)

As you can see, the profile has been activated to allow access to the web server.

Step 3 — Checking your Web Server


At the end of the installation process, Ubuntu 18.04 starts Apache. The web server should already be up and running.

Check with the systemd init system to make sure the service is running by typing:

$ sudo systemctl status apache2

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● apache2.service - The Apache HTTP Server
Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/apache2.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Drop-In: /lib/systemd/system/apache2.service.d
└─apache2-systemd.conf
Active: active (running) since Tue 2018-04-24 20:14:39 UTC; 9min ago
Main PID: 2583 (apache2)
Tasks: 55 (limit: 1153)
CGroup: /system.slice/apache2.service
├─2583 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
├─2585 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
└─2586 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start

As you can see from this output, the service appears to have started successfully. However, the best way to test this is to
request a page from Apache.

You can access the default Apache landing page to confirm that the software is running properly through your IP address. If
you do not know your server's IP address, you can get it a few different ways from the command line.

Try typing this at your server's command prompt:

$ hostname -I

You will get back a few addresses separated by spaces. You can try each in your web browser to see if they work.

An alternative is typing this, which should give you your public IP address as seen from another location on the internet:

$ curl -4 icanhazip.com

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http://your_server_ip

You should see the default Ubuntu 18.04 Apache web page:

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This page indicates that Apache is working correctly. It also includes some basic information about important Apache files
and directory locations.

Step 4 — Managing the Apache Process


Now that you have your web server up and running, let's go over some basic management commands.

To stop your web server, type:

$ sudo systemctl stop apache2

To start the web server when it is stopped, type:

$ Sign
sudo upsystemctl start
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To stop and then start the service again, type:

$ sudo systemctl restart apache2

If you are simply making configuration changes, Apache can often reload without dropping connections. To do this, use this
command:

$ sudo systemctl reload apache2

By default, Apache is configured to start automatically when the server boots. If this is not what you want, disable this
behavior by typing:

$ sudo systemctl disable apache2

To re-enable the service to start up at boot, type:

$ sudo systemctl enable apache2

Apache should now start automatically when the server boots again.

Step 5 — Setting Up Virtual Hosts (Recommended)


When using the Apache web server, you can use virtual hosts (similar to server blocks in Nginx) to encapsulate configuration
details and host more than one domain from a single server. We will set up a domain called example.com, but you should
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replace this with your own domain name. To learn more about setting up a domain name with DigitalOcean, see our
Introduction to DigitalOcean DNS.

Apache on Ubuntu 18.04 has one server block enabled by default that is configured to serve documents from the
/var/www/html directory. While this works well for a single site, it can become unwieldy if you are hosting multiple sites.
Instead of modifying /var/www/html , let's create a directory structure within /var/www for our example.com site, leaving
/var/www/html in place as the default directory to be served if a client request doesn't match any other sites.

Create the directory for example.com as follows, using the -p flag to create any necessary parent directories:

sudo mkdir -p /var/www/example.com/html

Next, assign ownership of the directory with the $USER environmental variable:

$ sudo chown -R $USER:$USER /var/www/example.com/html

The permissions of your web roots should be correct if you haven't modified your unmask value, but you can make sure by
typing:

$ sudo chmod -R 755 /var/www/example.com

Next, create a sample index.html page using nano or your favorite editor:

$ nano /var/www/example.com/html/index.html
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/var/www/example.com/html/index.html

<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to Example.com!</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Success! The example.com server block is working!</h1>
</body>
</html>

Save and close the file when you are finished.

In order for Apache to serve this content, it's necessary to create a virtual host file with the correct directives. Instead of
modifying the default configuration file located at /etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default.conf directly, let's make
a new one at /etc/apache2/sites-available/example.com.conf :

$ sudo nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/example.com.conf

Paste in the following configuration block, which is similar to the default, but updated for our new directory and domain
name:

/etc/apache2/sites-available/example.com.conf

<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerAdmin [email protected]
ServerName example.com
ServerAlias www.example.com
DocumentRoot /var/www/example.com/html
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CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined


</VirtualHost>

Notice that we've updated the DocumentRoot to our new directory and ServerAdmin to an email that the example.com site
administrator can access. We've also added two directives: ServerName , which establishes the base domain that should
match for this virtual host definition, and ServerAlias , which defines further names that should match as if they were the
base name.

Save and close the file when you are finished.

Let's enable the file with the a2ensite tool:

$ sudo a2ensite example.com.conf

Disable the default site defined in 000-default.conf :

$ sudo a2dissite 000-default.conf

Next, let's test for configuration errors:

$ sudo apache2ctl configtest

You should see the following output:

×
Output
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Restart Apache to implement your changes:

$ sudo systemctl restart apache2

Apache should now be serving your domain name. You can test this by navigating to http://example.com , where you
should see something like this:

Step 6 – Getting Familiar with Important Apache Files and Directories


Now that you know how to manage the Apache service itself, you should take a few minutes to familiarize yourself with a few
important directories and files.

Content
/var/www/html : The actual web content, which by default only consists of the default Apache page you saw earlier, is
served out of the /var/www/html directory. This can be changed by altering Apache configuration files.

Server Configuration
/etc/apache2 : The Apache configuration directory. All of the Apache configuration files reside here.

/etc/apache2/apache2.conf : The main Apache configuration file. This can be modified to make changes to the Apache
global configuration. This file is responsible for loading many of the other files in the configuration directory.

/etc/apache2/ports.conf : This file specifies the ports that Apache will listen on. By default, Apache listens on port 80
and additionally listens on port 443 when a module providing SSL capabilities is enabled.
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/etc/apache2/sites-available/ : The directory where per-site virtual hosts can be stored. Apache will not use the
configuration files found in this directory unless they are linked to the sites-enabled directory. Typically, all server block
configuration is done in this directory, and then enabled by linking to the other directory with the a2ensite command.

/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/ : The directory where enabled per-site virtual hosts are stored. Typically, these are created
by linking to configuration files found in the sites-available directory with the a2ensite . Apache reads the
configuration files and links found in this directory when it starts or reloads to compile a complete configuration.

/etc/apache2/conf-available/ , /etc/apache2/conf-enabled/ : These directories have the same relationship as the


sites-available and sites-enabled directories, but are used to store configuration fragments that do not belong in a
virtual host. Files in the conf-available directory can be enabled with the a2enconf command and disabled with the
a2disconf command.

/etc/apache2/mods-available/ , /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/ : These directories contain the available and enabled


modules, respectively. Files in ending in .load contain fragments to load specific modules, while files ending in .conf
contain the configuration for those modules. Modules can be enabled and disabled using the a2enmod and a2dismod
command.

Server Logs
/var/log/apache2/access.log : By default, every request to your web server is recorded in this log file unless Apache is
configured to do otherwise.

/var/log/apache2/error.log : By default, all errors are recorded in this file. The LogLevel directive in the Apache
configuration specifies how much detail the error logs will contain.

Conclusion
Now that you have your web server installed, you have many options for the type of content you can serve and the
technologies you can use to create a richer experience.
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If you'd like to build out a more complete application stack, you can look at this article on how to configure a LAMP stack on
Ubuntu 18.04.

By Justin Ellingwood and Kathleen Juell

Upvote (49)  Subscribe  Share

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How To Create a Custom 404 Page in Apache

18 Comments

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ansargondal May 19, 2018

1 I have done everything exactly like that but when I access example.com it opens up the example.com website from google.

Although, when I access my localhost(127.0.0.1) it opens up the file which I have places in example.com/html directory!

I 'm facing this issue in Ubuntu 18.04, Everything was working fine in ubuntu 16.04.

Can you please explain how I can fix that issue?

linuxornotlinux June 13, 2018


2 Excellent tutorial, thank you!
After succesfully setting the virtualhost in /etc/apache2/sites-available/example.com.conf
you need to manually add 127.0.0.1 example.com to your host file in etc/hosts

znttestpro May 20, 2019

0 This site can’t be reached user_example.dev refused to connect.


how
Sign up for our can i fixGet
newsletter. thisthe
error.i
latestam beginner
tutorials ubuntuand
on SysAdmin user.Please cantopics.
open source ×
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ozkanemre May 27, 2018

0 its a good article.Thank you!

premkash June 16, 2018

0 Excellent article. Right amount of content. Well written!

hamizanbaharudin August 15, 2018

0 can i know why i cant open /var/log/apache2 folder.it says permission denied even when i use sudo command.can someone
explain it to me?

koursala September 21, 2018

0 Dear Kathleen, dear Justin,

thank you for your helpful documentation.

We have different servers with different subdomains in our network and I need a SSL certificate only for one subdomain, e,g,
https://ww8.unidi.com/

What should be changed here?

BR,

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0
Are you sure that you the part of the tutorial that says Next, assign ownership of the directory with the $USER
environmental variable is secure?

This comand assigns root as user and i'm not sure if that is correct. Not will be better use www-data user?

aubzp October 22, 2018

0 Virtual directory server block instructions failed over permissions when accessing from web. This line sudo chmod -R 755
/var/www/example.com didnt work for me. Added /html to the end and it worked.

sudo chmod -R 755 /var/www/example.com/html

harpmuhendisi October 28, 2018

0 if you are stuck at something like this

lines 1-14/14 (end)

then press shift-q

it will return you to the terminal

mikewooz November 9, 2018

0 Hello, hoping all are well and good.

I followed along the tutorial and when I got to the part where I enabled the new site and disabled the default site, I still get the
html
Sign uppage
for ourfrom the default
newsletter. Get thesite...
latest not the on
tutorials shortened
SysAdminversion sitting
and open intopics.
source my × SCROLL TO TOP
virtual
Enter yourdomain. I noted what was said by ansargondal belowSign
email address Upcomment section and ensured that I added the line 127.0.0.1
in the
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mydomainName (the directory name @ /etc/apache2/sites-available/mydomainName). Also, I'm thinking that I can name my
directory in the sites-available folder to whatever I want, without a .com or other extension. My structure is /etc/apache2/sites-
available/myVirtualSite/html. Again, I tried both ways just in case it mattered. What should be in the hosts file as that might be
where my problem is.

freechargej1 November 29, 2018

0 i have followed above steps and successfully created virtual hosts and added two domain names both are working fine without
www but when i open www.domain1.com website is not working where as domain1.com is working fine.
i have another problem if i open my ipaddress i am getting contents on my 1st domain name which i have added under
var/www/domain1/html but i want files which are under var/www/html

ktcw November 29, 2018

0 You'll have to ensure that you've set ServerAlias www.domain1.com in your virtual host's settings, located in the
/etc/apache/sites-available/ directory.

You can also change the virtual host's main directory from there.

It'll be great if you can post a snippet of the configuration file you have right now.

ifjtoledo December 23, 2018

0 So good article, just was i needed, thanks a lot all works fine!

Herbal001 February 4, 2019

0
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siddiksaleh April 17, 2019

0 Please help,
Apache2: could not reliably determine the servers fully qualified domain name using 127.0.1.1. Set ‘servername’.......

Var/www/siddiksaleh.com
Vitualhost file name is siddiksaleh.com.conf

I have tried ServerName in VH file as “siddiksaleh.com”, “www.siddiksaleh.com”, “localhost” but non of them worked for me.
Thanks.

luqr May 5, 2019

0 Hey Kathleen,

This article is amazing, thank you for share it with us!


I am trying to access this webserver from another devices typing example.com but I could not access my index.html. Typing my
IP address it works fine, so I can assume my webserver is unlock to be accessed from another devices.

Is there any other setup to be done to enable the access typing example.com?

Tks :)

bobstein May 23, 2019

0 Was able to breeze over the parts I knew, and drill down into what was new to me. Love the digression into the explanation of
sites, conf, mods. This article comes out of a mastery of the subject and a mastery of teaching.

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