IMMUNIZATION infectious diseases such as measles,

mumps, and whooping cough.

What is immunization? Immunization can prevent a wide range
3. Eradication of diseases: Because of of diseases. Here are some of the
Immunization is the process of making a diseases that vaccines can protect
immunizations, we’ve seen the near
person resistant to a particular infectious against:
eradication of diseases, such as polio
disease, typically by vaccination. Vaccines
and smallpox. Many infectious • Tuberculosis (TB)
stimulate the body’s own immune system to
diseases are now rare or eradicated • Hepatitis B
protect the person against subsequent
as a result of immunization • Poliomyelitis
infection or disease. This term is often used
programs. • Diphtheria
interchangeably with vaccination or • Pertussis (whooping cough)
inoculation. It’s a crucial part of public 4. Saves lives and improves health: • Tetanus
health, aiming to reduce the spread of Immunization is critical to the • Haemophilus Influenza B Disease
diseases. prevention and control of • Pneumococcal Diseases
communicable diseases, • Measles
Immunization offers several benefits:
strengthening country productivity, • Mumps
1. Protection against harmful which contributes to economies, and • Rubella and Congenital Rubella
diseases: Vaccines are a simple, safe, helping to ensure a safer, healthier Syndrome
and effective way of protecting • Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)
world. Immunization currently
• Influenza
people against harmful diseases prevents thousands of deaths every
• Rotavirus
before they come into contact with year from diseases like diphtheria,
• Japanese Encephalitis
them1. They use your body’s natural tetanus, pertussis, influenza, and
defenses to build resistance to measles.
specific infections and make your Vaccination Programs:
5. Cost-effective: It’s much easier and
immune system stronger.
more cost-effective to prevent a 1. BCG vaccine
2. Prevention of disease spread: disease than to treat it. Vaccines
2. Hepatitis-B vaccine
Immunizations protect us from provide a profound return on
serious diseases and also prevent the investment and are a key component 3. Pentavalent vaccine
spread of those diseases to of improving health and well-being 4. Oral Polio Vaccine
others. Over the years, for everyone, everywhere.
immunizations have thwarted 5. MMR vaccine
epidemics of once common
 Risk factors for Infection: Poor Reservoir: Humans
environmental hygiene Spread: Close respiratory contact and
Common Vaccine – Preventable Diseases
aerosolized droplets
in the Philippines
Disease: Diphtheria Duration of Immunity Induced by Infection:
Disease: Tuberculosis Agent: Toxin-producing bacterium Lifelong
Agent: Bacterium (Mycobacterium (Corynebacterium diphtheriae) Risk factors for Infection: Crowding
tuberculosis) Reservoir: Humans
Reservoir: Humans Spread: Close respiratory contact or contact Disease: Mumps
Spread: Airborne droplets with infectious material Agent: Virus
Duration of Immunity Induced by Infection: Duration of Immunity Induced by Infection: Reservoir: Humans
Not known. Reactivation of old infection Usually lifelong Spread: Close respiratory contact and
commonly causes disease Risk factors for Infection: Crowding airborne droplets
Risk factors for Infection: Crowding Duration of Immunity Induced by Infection:
Immunodeficiency Malnutrition In adults,
Disease: Pertussis Lifelong
alcoholism, diabetes, and HIV
Agent: Bacterium (Bordetella pertussis) Risk factors for Infection: Crowding
Reservoir: Humans
Disease: Hepatitis B
Spread: Close respiratory contact Disease: Rubella
Agent: Virus
Duration of Immunity Induced by Infection: Agent: Virus
Reservoir: Humans
No concrete evidence Reservoir: Humans
Spread: Mother to newborn, child to child,
blood, sexual. In developing countries,
Risk factors for Infection: Crowding Spread: Close respiratory contact and
transmission at birth or early childhood is airborne droplets
dominant. Disease: Tetanus Duration of Immunity Induced by Infection:
Duration of Immunity Induced by Infection: Agent: Toxin-producing bacterium Lifelong
If infection resolves, life- long immunity; (Clostridium tetani) Risk factors for Infection: Crowding
Risk factors for Infection: Infected mother, Reservoir: Soil Animal intestines
unsafe injections, unsafe blood transfusions; Spread: Spores enter the body through Disease: Pneumococcal Disease
multiple sexual partners wounds Agent: Bacteria
Duration of Immunity Induced by Infection: Reservoir: Humans
Disease: Polio Risk factors for Infection: Exposure to Spread: Close respiratory contact and
Agent: Poliomyelitis virus - serotypes 1, 2, 3 animal feces; infections with rusty metals, airborne droplets
Reservoir: Humans untreated wounds Duration of Immunity Induced by Infection:
Spread: Fecal-oral Some type-specific immunity
Duration of Immunity Induced by Infection: Disease: Measles Risk factors for Infection: Crowding
Lifelong typespecific immunity Agent: Virus