« MATHS 1B
1
BABY BULLET-Q «
10. APPLICATIONS OF DERIVATIVES
(2 X 2) + (2 X 4) + (2 X 7) = 26 Marks
@IMP FORMULAS, KEY CONCEPTS?
1) If y = f(x) is a differentiable function of x and Dx is a small change in x then (i) the actual change
in y is Dy = f(x + Dx) - f(x) (ii) the differential of y is dy = f'(x)Dx.
2) Approximations: The approximate value of f(x) in Dx neighbourhood of known x, is
f(x + Dx) @ f(x) + f'(x) Dx. Here, Dx = given value of x - known value of x.
3) If an error Dx occurs in x of y = f(x) then (i) Dy is called error in y
'y 'y
(ii) is called relative error in y (iii) x100 is called percentage error in y.
Q
y y
-
§ dy ·
4) If P(x1, y1) is a point on y = f(x) then the slope of the tangent at P is m ¨ ¸
T
© dx ¹ P ( x1.y1 )
5) If P(x1, y1) is a point of intersection of the curves f(x), g(x) and q is the angle between the 2
curves then tan T
m1 m 2
1 m1m 2
where m1
L E
f c(x) at (x1 , y1 ), m 2 gc(x) at (x1 ,y1 )
L
Note: m1 = m2 Þ the two curves touch each other at (x1, y1) and
U
m1m2 = -1 Þ the 2 curves cut orthogonally.
B
§ dy ·
6) If P(x1,y1) is a point on the curve y=f(x) and m ¨ ¸ , then
© dx ¹ P ( x1 , y1 )
Y
y1 1 m 2
(i) the length of the tangent to the curve at P is
m
B
(ii) the length of the normal to the curve at P is | y1 1 m 2 |
A
B
y1
(iii) the length of subtangent to the curve at P is
m
(iv) the length of subnormal to the curve at P is |y1m|
dy dx
7.1) The rate of change of y=f(x) w.r.to t is given by f c(x)
dt dt
7.2) If s=f(t) denotes the distance travelled by a body in time t then
ds
(i) the velocity of the body at time t is v
dt
d 2 s d § ds · dv
(ii) the acceleration of the body at time t is a ¨ ¸
2
dt dt © dt ¹ dt
8.1) A differentiable function f is increasing at a Û f'(a)>0
8.2) A differentiable function f is decreasing at a Û f'(a)<0
8.3) A differentiable function f is said to be stationary at x = a if f'(a) = 0
Here f(a) is the stationary value & (a, f(a)) is the stationary point of f(x) at x = a
9) Let f(x) be a differentiable function in a given interval I, a Î I, f'(x), f"(x) exist at a and if
(i) f'(a)=0, f"(a)<0 then f(a) is a local maxima (ii) f'(a) = 0, f"(a) > 0 then f(a) is a local minima
« MATHS 1B
2
BABY BULLET-Q «
BULLET MASTER'S
MATH BEATS!
APPLICATIONS OF DERIVATIVES
~¡°° ~¡°°Qê Practice KÍÀë Applications of Derivatives Jhß Easy Qê<Í LO\ì~ò!
IPE Weightage for Tangents & Normals: 2M + 4 M + 7 M = 13 Marks
Tangents & Normals Õ Very Easy VSAQ (Page 152)
Tangents & Normals Õ Super Easy SAQ (Page 154, Page155)
Tangents & Normals Õ Lucky LAQ 13/157 and Page 166 to Page 172
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