Scribd
Upload
15 views3 pages

4.3 Evolution of Architecture

The document discusses the evolution of architecture from ancient times to the modern era. It describes how architecture has progressed from basic mud and wood structures to large buildings made possible by new materials like steel and concrete. The document also outlines some of the key styles and advances in architecture over time.

Uploaded by

Ikrame Azouay
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
15 views3 pages

4.3 Evolution of Architecture

The document discusses the evolution of architecture from ancient times to the modern era. It describes how architecture has progressed from basic mud and wood structures to large buildings made possible by new materials like steel and concrete. The document also outlines some of the key styles and advances in architecture over time.

Uploaded by

Ikrame Azouay
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

ENA-Oujda

Fall 2022
English
4.3

Class objectives:
 Reinforce student’s listening skills through class activity
 Overview of the evolution of architecture

Listen carefully to the audio, fill in the blanks then answer the questions below

Architecture is the art and science of ………………….…………….. or buildings such as


houses, ………………………………………….;, and office buildings. Architecture is
also the profession of an architect. Usually, a person must study at an institution of
…………………………….. like a university to become an architect. In ancient times,
there were architects long before there was higher education.
Architecture can be about …………………………., such as a garage, or large designs,
such as a whole city. Architecture often …………………………. with civil engineering,
and architects and civil engineers often work together.
In the past, people built………………………….and wood houses to protect themselves
from the ………………………….. For safety, they were often close together. Great
civilizations like the Ancient Egyptians built …………………………. and structures,
like the Great Pyramids of Giza. The Ancient Greeks and Romans made what we now
call “Classical Architecture”. The Romans, working over 2000 years ago, copied the
………………… ………. the Etruscans, who copied it from the Mesopotamians. The
stone …………………………., which still hold up so many important buildings, like the
Parthenon in Athens, were simply copied from the first wooden …………………….
Classical Architecture was very formal, and it always …………………… ……….. It
used …………………, which really means balance, and it used proportion which means
keeping shapes in certain ways. The Golden Mean was a ……………… (or law) which
said, (to put it very simply) if you are making a room, or any other thing, it will
………………… ……….if you always make the long side 1.6 times as long as the short
side. There are many laws in Classical Architecture, like how ………… the middle of an
……………………bridge needs to be (which depends on how wide the bridge needs to
be). These laws were learned from thousands of years of experience and they are as true
today as they were 2000 years ago.
In some parts of the world, like India, the architecture is famous for…………………the
stone on temples and palaces.
Later, people in Western Europe in the Middle Ages made ………………………….
architecture, then Gothic architecture. Gothic buildings have tall, ……………………
windows and arches. Many churches have Gothic architecture. Castles were also built at
this time. In Eastern Europe, churches usually had………….. People added their own
ideas and decoration to the Classical Architecture of the past. The Renaissance brought a
return to classical ideas.
In the late 18th century with the ……………… ……………., people began to invent
machines to make things quickly and cheaply. Many factories and ………….. were built
during, or after this revolution. Decades later, in the Victorian era, architects like George
Fowler Jones and Decimus Burton still followed the Gothic style to build new churches.
Up to this point, buildings were limited in size and style by the …………………… of the
wood and …………….. used to construct them. Gothic cathedrals were among the
largest buildings because the gothic arch when combined with buttresses ………………
stone buildings to be built taller. For example, the cathedral in Ulm, Germany is over 500
feet tall.
Towards the end of the 19th Century with a second Industrial Revolution, steel became
much cheaper. Architects began to use inventions like metal girders and ……………….
concrete to build. An example is the Eiffel Tower in Paris. Buildings can now be built
taller than ever before. We call them …………………. This new technology has made us
free from traditional limitations, and because of the new possibilities presented by these
…………………, many traditional methods of construction and ideas about style were
reevaluated, replaced, or …………………. Cheap, strong glass soon brought transparent
exterior walls, especially for office buildings.
………………………… is the name for the architectural style which developed because
of these new building technologies, and its beginnings can been seen as early as 1890.
Modernism can also refer to a specific group of architects and buildings from the early to
late 20th century.
Comprehension Questions
1. Fill in the blank: Architecture is the __________ and __________ of structures.
2. How long have there been architects?
3. In the past, why were wood or mud houses built close together?
4. Who originally built arches?
5. What style of architecture has tall, pointed windows and arches?
6. How tall is the cathedral in Ulm, Germany?
7. What were three results of cheaper steel prices in the 19th century?
8. What is the name of the architectural style that developed because of early 20th century
building technologies? is made of mud, straw, or palm branches?
9. Give a title to the text
10. Translate the first paragraph into French
11. Add a short paragraph to speak of the contribution of the Islamic architecture to the field
in general.

You might also like